川东南平桥地区寒武系洗象池群多元复合成藏过程及其勘探启示

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.2.20

地学前缘 ›› 2023, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (6): 263-276.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.2.20

• 海相深层-超深层碳酸盐岩油气动态成藏和聚集 • 上一篇下一篇

川东南平桥地区寒武系洗象池群多元复合成藏过程及其勘探启示

高键¹^,²(), 李慧莉¹^,², 何治亮³^,^*(), 蔡勋育³, 李双建¹^,², 刘光祥¹^,², 袁玉松¹^,², 林娟华¹^,², 李智¹^,²

1.中国石化深部地质与资源重点实验室, 北京 102206
2.中国石化石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 102206
3.中国石油化工股份有限公司, 北京 100728

收稿日期:2023-01-14 修回日期:2023-02-16 出版日期:2023-11-25 发布日期:2023-11-25
通讯作者: * 何治亮(1963—),男,博士,正高级工程师,博士生导师,长期从事石油与天然气地质学研究工作。E-mail: hezhiliang@sinopec.com
作者简介:高键(1988—),男,博士,副研究员,主要从事沉积盆地超压及流体地球化学研究工作。E-mail: jgao223@outlook.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(U19B6003);国家自然科学基金项目(42002137);国家自然科学基金项目(92255302);国家自然科学基金项目(U20B6001)

Multi-stage hydrocarbon accumulation in Cambrian Xixiangchi Group, Pingqiao area, southeastern Sichuan and its implications for hydrocarbon exploration

GAO Jian¹^,²(), LI Huili¹^,², HE Zhiliang³^,^*(), CAI Xunyu³, LI Shuangjian¹^,², LIU Guangxiang¹^,², YUAN Yusong¹^,², LIN Juanhua¹^,², LI Zhi¹^,²

1. Key Laboratory of Geology and Resources in Deep Stratum, SINOPEC, Beijing 102206, China
2. Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, SINOPEC, Beijing 102206, China
3. China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation, Beijing 100728, China

Received:2023-01-14 Revised:2023-02-16 Online:2023-11-25 Published:2023-11-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

深层海相碳酸盐岩油气成藏普遍具有多源多期的特征,复杂成藏过程的准确剖析对油气的高效勘探具有重要的指导意义。为了确定川东南平桥地区寒武系洗象池群油气成藏过程,针对多期次储层孔洞缝充填物,开展了阴极发光、元素和同位素、流体包裹体捕获古温压和沥青激光拉曼光谱等分析测试。研究结果表明:储层多期矿物充填序列表现为第一世代白云石、第二世代方解石和晚期石英;沥青广泛分布于基质白云岩溶孔及第一世代白云石晶粒间,同时白云石发育沥青包裹体和气包裹体;第二世代方解石捕获了原生和次生甲烷包裹体。碳、氧、锶同位素和稀土元素分析表明成岩矿物流体来源以储层流体为主,方解石形成与有机流体参与相关。储层沥青和沥青包裹体的热成熟度R_o主要分布于 2.90%~3.59%,结合与沥青包裹体伴生的盐水包裹体均一温度及烃源岩生烃史,推断沥青来源于下寒武统筇竹寺组液态烃充注洗象池群后热裂解干气阶段伴生的焦沥青。方解石中原生甲烷包裹体捕获压力集中分布于 55.8~81.7 MPa(捕获温度 198~203 ℃),指示埋藏期液态烃热裂解干气阶段压力系数为 1.06~1.56,具有中等超压特征;次生甲烷包裹体捕获压力分布于 42.1~65.0 MPa(捕获温度为 150°~155 ℃),指示抬升期五峰组-龙马溪组页岩气泄压供烃阶段压力系数为0.94~1.45,仍保持有中等超压特征。平桥地区寒武系洗象池群存在埋藏期下寒武统筇竹寺组液态烃充注和原位裂解气成藏与抬升期五峰组-龙马溪组页岩气泄压供烃成藏的多元复合成藏过程。多元复合成藏模式为寻找寒武系洗象池群风险勘探目标提供了新的方向和思路。

关键词: 压力演化, 成岩-成藏动态演化, 多元复合成藏, 洗象池群, 平桥地区, 川东南

Abstract:

The hydrocarbon accumulation in deep marine carbonate rocks generally involves multi-source, multi-stage processes, and an accurate analysis of such complex processes is necessary to help guide efficient oil and gas exploration. In order to determine the hydrocarbon accumulation processes in the Cambrian Xixiangchi Group, Pingqiao area, southeastern Sichuan, the multistage cementing materials within the reservoirs were investigated by cathodoluminescence microscopy, elemental and isotopic analysis, paleotemperature/pressure trapping in fluid inclusions, and bitumen analysis by laser Raman spectroscopy. The filling of cementing materials from early to late followed by the order of dolomite, calcite and quartz, with bitumen widely distributed in the dissolved pores of dolomite matrix and the filling dolomite grains. The cementing materials contained bitumen/gas inclusions in the dolomite layer and primary/secondary methane inclusions in the calcite layer. The diagenetic fluids were derived largely from host rocks, and calcite precipitation liked involved organic matter fluids. Based on the bitumen reflectance data (2.90%<BR_o<3.59%), combined with the homogenization temperature of the brine/bitumen two-phase inclusions and the hydrocarbon generation history of source rocks, it was inferred that bitumen was derived from pyrobitumen—a thermal cracking byproduct during liquid hydrocarbon charging from the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation into the Cambrian Xixiangchi Group. The trapping pressure for the primary methane inclusions ranged between ~55.8-81.7 MPa (at trapping temperature of 198-203 ℃), indicating a pressure coefficient of 1.06-1.56 during thermal cracking in the burial period, consistent with moderate overpressure. The trapping pressure for the secondary methane inclusions ranged between ~42.1-65.0 MPa (at trapping temperature of 150-155 ℃), suggesting a pressure coefficient of 0.94-1.45 during shale gas charging from the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations during the uplift period while still maintaining moderate overpressure. A multi-stage hydrocarbon accumulation model for the Cambrian Xixiangchi Group, Pingqiao area was established, which included liquid hydrocarbon charging in the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation and in-situ cracking gas accumulation during the burial period, and shale gas charging in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations during the uplift period. This model provides a new direction and idea for hydrocarbon prospecting in the Cambrian Xixiangchi Group.

Key words: pressure evolution, diagenesis-accumulation dynamic evolution, multi-stage hydrocarbon accumulation, Xixiangchi Group, Pingqiao area, southeastern Sichuan

中图分类号:

TE121.1

高键, 李慧莉, 何治亮, 蔡勋育, 李双建, 刘光祥, 袁玉松, 林娟华, 李智. 川东南平桥地区寒武系洗象池群多元复合成藏过程及其勘探启示[J]. 地学前缘, 2023, 30(6): 263-276.

GAO Jian, LI Huili, HE Zhiliang, CAI Xunyu, LI Shuangjian, LIU Guangxiang, YUAN Yusong, LIN Juanhua, LI Zhi. Multi-stage hydrocarbon accumulation in Cambrian Xixiangchi Group, Pingqiao area, southeastern Sichuan and its implications for hydrocarbon exploration[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2023, 30(6): 263-276.

图/表 11

图1 川东南平桥1井构造位置和构造剖面图

Fig.1 Tectonic location and profile of well Pingqiao1 in southeastern Sichuan

图2 川东南地区地层综合柱状图和构造演化图

Fig.2 Comprehensive stratigraphic histogram and tectonic evolution map in southeastern Sichuan

图3 平桥1井洗象池群储层充填矿物及其阴极发光特征 a,e,f—泥晶白云岩溶孔充填白云石、沥青、方解石和对应的阴极发光特征,洗象池群,3 015.82 m; b,g,h—方解石脉切割早期白云石脉和对应的阴极发光特征,洗象池群,3 135.21 m; c—泥晶白云岩溶洞充填白云石和沥青特征,洗象池群,3 123.75 m; d—泥晶白云岩裂缝充填沥青、白云石和石英特征,洗象池群,3 018.60 m。

Fig.3 Microstructure and cathodoluminescence characteristics of minerals in the veins and pores from the Cambrian Xixiangchi Formation of well Pingqiao 1

表1 平桥1井寒武系洗象池群储层及其孔洞缝充填矿物碳、氧、锶同位素分析结果

Table 1 Carbon, oxygen, and strontium isotope data of the minerals and their host rock within the Cambrian Xixiangchi Formation of well Pingqiao 1

井名	层位	深度/m	岩性	δ¹³C_V-PDB/‰	δ¹⁸O_V-PDB/‰	⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr±2σ
平桥1井	洗象池群	3 135.09	白云石	-2.05	-11.13	N/A
		3 135.49	白云石	-2.29	-11.16	N/A
		3 135.21	白云石	-1.54	-11.03	0.709 643±0.000 011
		3 123.75	方解石	-15.59	-12.04	N/A
		3 026.56	方解石	-14.52	-11.19	0.709 237±0.000 009
		3 015.82	方解石	-8.38	-12.22	0.709 377±0.000 011
		3 135.21	泥晶白云岩	-2.70	-11.99	0.709 702±0.000 010
		3 026.56	泥晶白云岩	-0.73	-10.57	0.709 738±0.000 011
		3 015.82	泥晶白云岩	-1.32	-10.89	0.709 327±0.000 010

图4 平桥1井寒武系洗象池群储层及其孔洞缝充填矿物碳、氧、锶同位素分布特征

Fig.4 The distribution characteristic of carbon, oxygen and strontium isotope in dolomite, calcite and the proximal host rocks within the Cambrian Xixiangchi Formation of well Pingqiao 1

图5 平桥1井寒武系洗象池群储层及其孔洞缝充填矿物稀土元素配分模式和特征参数

Fig.5 Chondrite-normalized rare earth element (REE) diagrams and δCe vs. δEu for dolomite, calcite and the proximal host rocks within the Cambrian Xixiangchi Formation of well Pingqiao 1

图6 平桥1井寒武系洗象池群储层沥青拉曼光谱图(a)和沥青拉曼光谱参数计算的镜质体反射率结果(b)

Fig.6 Raman spectra of bitumen (a) and reflectance results calculated by the Raman spectrum parameter of bitumen (b) in the Cambrian Xixiangchi Formation reservoir of well Pingqiao 1

图7 平桥1井寒武系洗象池群储层流体包裹体发育特征

Fig.7 Development characteristics of fluid inclusions trapped in the Cambrian Xixiangchi reservoirs of well Pingqiao 1

图8 平桥1井寒武系洗象池群储层流体包裹体激光拉曼光谱和密度-温度-压力特征

Fig.8 Laser Raman spectra (a, b), and trapping density-temperature-pressure (c, d) of fluid inclusion within the Cambrian Xixiangchi reservoirs of well Pingqiao 1

图9 平桥1井埋藏史-热演化史重建

Fig.9 Modeling results of burial and thermal maturity histories of well Pingqiao1

图10 平桥1井寒武系洗象池群储层油气藏演化模式

Fig.10 Petroleum evolution model of the Cambrian Xixiangchi reservoirs of well Pingqiao 1

参考文献 35

[1]	李慧莉, 尤东华, 韩俊, 等. 塔里木盆地顺南—古城地区方解石脉流体来源及其对油气成藏的启示[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2020, 31(8): 1111-1125.
[2]	马永生, 黎茂稳, 蔡勋育, 等. 中国海相深层油气富集机理与勘探开发: 研究现状、关键技术瓶颈与基础科学问题[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(4): 655-672, 683.
[3]	李伟, 樊茹, 贾鹏, 等. 四川盆地及周缘地区中上寒武统洗象池群层序地层与岩相古地理演化特征[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2019, 46(2): 226-240. DOI
[4]	孙自明, 孙炜, 林娟华, 等. 四川盆地东部中上寒武统洗象池群油气成藏条件与主控因素[J]. 石油实验地质, 2021, 43(6): 933-940.
[5]	张宏光. 川东南焦石坝地区寒武系天然气成藏条件[J]. 石化技术, 2015, 22(5): 168-170.
[6]	郝芳. 超压盆地生烃作用动力学与油气成藏机理[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2005.
[7]	GAO J, HE S, ZHAO J X, et al. Sm-Nd isochron dating and geochemical (rare earth elements, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, δ¹⁸O, δ¹³C) characterization of calcite veins in the Jiaoshiba shale gas field, China: implications for the mechanisms of vein formation in shale gas systems[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 2020, 132(7/8): 1722-1740. DOI URL
[8]	陈曼霏, 何生, 易积正, 等. 涪陵页岩气田平桥区块页岩气储层有机质孔发育特征[J]. 石油学报, 2019, 40(4): 423-433. DOI
[9]	郭旭升. 四川盆地涪陵平桥页岩气田五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气富集主控因素[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(1): 1-10.
[10]	何治亮, 聂海宽, 张钰莹. 四川盆地及其周缘奥陶系五峰组-志留系龙马溪组页岩气富集主控因素分析[J]. 地学前缘, 2016, 23(2): 8-17. DOI
[11]	聂海宽, 金之钧, 马鑫, 等. 四川盆地及邻区上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组底部笔石带及沉积特征[J]. 石油学报, 2017, 38(2): 160-174. DOI
[12]	YANG R, HE S, HU Q H, et al. Geochemical characteristics and origin of natural gas from Wufeng-Longmaxi shales of the Fuling gas field, Sichuan Basin (China)[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology, 2017, 171: 1-11. DOI URL
[13]	高键, 何生, 易积正. 焦石坝页岩气田中高密度甲烷包裹体的发现及其意义[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2015, 36(3): 472-480.
[14]	GAO J, HE S, ZHAO J X, et al. Geothermometry and geobarometry of overpressured Lower Paleozoic gas shales in the Jiaoshiba field, Central China: insight from fluid inclusions in fracture cements[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2017, 83: 124-139. DOI URL
[15]	EGGINS S M, WOODHEAD J D, KINSLEY L P J, et al. A simple method for the precise determination of ≥ 40 trace elements in geological samples by ICPMS using enriched isotope internal standardisation[J]. Chemical Geology, 1997, 134(4): 311-326. DOI URL
[16]	PIN C, ZALDUEGUI J S. Sequential separation of light rare-earth elements, thorium and uranium by miniaturized extraction chromatography: application to isotopic analyses of silicate rocks[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1997, 339(1/2): 79-89. DOI URL
[17]	DENIEL C, PIN C. Single-stage method for the simultaneous isolation of lead and strontium from silicate samples for isotopic measurements[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2001, 426(1): 95-103. DOI URL
[18]	MÍKOVÁ J, DENKOVÁ P. Modified chromatographic separation scheme for Sr and Nd isotope analysis in geological silicate samples[J]. Journal of Geosciences, 2007, 52(3/4): 221-226.
[19]	MCCREA J M. On the isotopic chemistry of carbonates and a paleotemperature scale[J]. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 1950, 18(6): 849-857. DOI URL
[20]	刘德汉, 肖贤明, 田辉, 等. 固体有机质拉曼光谱参数计算样品热演化程度的方法与地质应用[J]. 科学通报, 2013, 58(13): 1228-1241.
[21]	高键, 李英强, 何生, 等. 鄂西宜昌地区页岩气勘探发现对MVT铅锌矿成矿的指示意义[J]. 地球科学, 2021, 46(6): 2230-2245.
[22]	GAO J, ZHANG J K, HE S, et al. Overpressure generation and evolution in Lower Paleozoic gas shales of the Jiaoshiba region, China: implications for shale gas accumulation[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2019, 102: 844-859. DOI URL
[23]	KIM S T, O’NEIL J R. Equilibrium and nonequilibrium oxygen isotope effects in synthetic carbonates[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1997, 61(16): 3461-3475. DOI URL
[24]	UYSAL I T, GOLDING S D, GLIKSON M. Petrographic and isotope constraints on the origin of authigenic carbonate minerals and the associated fluid evolution in Late Permian coal measures, Bowen Basin (Queensland), Australia[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 2000, 136(3/4): 189-206. DOI URL
[25]	CAROTHERS W W, KHARAKA Y K. Stable carbon isotopes of $\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}$ in oil-field waters: implications for the origin of CO₂[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1980, 44(2): 323-332. DOI URL
[26]	FAURE G, POWELL J L. Strontium isotope geology[M]. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1972.
[27]	DENISON R E, KOEPNICK R B, BURKE W H, et al. Construction of the Cambrian and Ordovician seawater ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr curve[J]. Chemical Geology, 1998, 152(3/4): 325-340. DOI URL
[28]	VEIZER J, ALA D, AZMY K, et al. ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O evolution of Phanerozoic seawater[J]. Chemical Geology, 1999, 161(1/2/3): 59-88. DOI URL
[29]	MICHARD A. Rare earth element systematics in hydrothermal fluids[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1989, 53(3): 745-750. DOI URL
[30]	高键, 何生, 何治亮, 等. 中扬子京山地区方解石脉成因及其对油气保存的指示意义[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2014, 35(1): 33-41.
[31]	胡文瑄, 陈琪, 王小林, 等. 白云岩储层形成演化过程中不同流体作用的稀土元素判别模式[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2010, 31(6): 810-818.
[32]	梅廉夫, 刘昭茜, 汤济广, 等. 湘鄂西—川东中生代陆内递进扩展变形: 来自裂变径迹和平衡剖面的证据[J]. 地球科学: 中国地质大学学报, 2010, 35(2): 161-174.
[33]	袁玉松, 孙冬胜, 周雁, 等. 中上扬子地区印支期以来抬升剥蚀时限的确定[J]. 地球物理学报, 2010, 53(2): 362-369.
[34]	邱楠生, 冯乾乾, 腾格尔, 等. 川东南丁山地区燕山期—喜马拉雅期差异构造-热演化与页岩气保存[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(12): 1610-1622. DOI
[35]	张建坤, 何生, 易积正, 等. 岩石热声发射和盆模技术研究中扬子区西部下古生界海相页岩最高古地温和热成熟史[J]. 石油学报, 2014, 35(1): 58-67. DOI

川东南平桥地区寒武系洗象池群多元复合成藏过程及其勘探启示

Multi-stage hydrocarbon accumulation in Cambrian Xixiangchi Group, Pingqiao area, southeastern Sichuan and its implications for hydrocarbon exploration

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 11

参考文献 35

相关文章 2

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	姜振学, 唐相路, 李卓, 黄何鑫, 杨佩佩, 杨潇, 李卫兵, 郝进. 川东南地区龙马溪组页岩孔隙结构全孔径表征及其对含气性的控制[J]. 地学前缘, 2016, 23(2): 126-134.
[2]	张春明, 张维生, 郭英海. 川东南—黔北地区龙马溪组沉积环境及对烃源岩的影响[J]. 地学前缘, 2012, 19(1): 136-145.