五莲七宝山地区早白垩世碱性侵入岩成因及其地质意义

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.1.19

地学前缘 ›› 2022, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (5): 438-463.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.1.19

五莲七宝山地区早白垩世碱性侵入岩成因及其地质意义

李小伟¹^,²(), 单伟², 于学峰², 李大鹏², 谢元惠¹, 张国坤¹, 迟乃杰², 王文鲁¹, 张岩¹^,², 李增胜², 马祥县²

1.中国地质大学(北京) 地球科学与资源学院成因矿物学研究中心, 北京 100083
2.山东省地质科学研究院自然资源部金矿成矿过程与资源利用重点实验室/山东省金属矿产成矿地质过程与资源利用重点实验室, 山东济南 250013

收稿日期:2021-05-06 修回日期:2021-10-22 出版日期:2022-09-25 发布日期:2022-08-24
作者简介:李小伟(1985—),男,副教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向为成因矿物学与岩石学。E-mail: xwli@cugb.edu.cn
基金资助:
山东省重要岩浆事件年代学厘定及测试方法研究项目(鲁勘字〔2019〕8号);山东省自然科学基金培养基金项目(ZR2019PD005);山东省自然科学基金培养基金项目(ZR2019PD019);山东省重点研发计划项目(公益性科技攻关类)(2019GSF109101);稀土矿产典型成矿区成矿作用研究项目(鲁勘字〔2020〕7号)

Petrogenesis of Early Cretaceous Qibaoshan alkaline intrusive rocks in the Wulian area and its geological significance

LI Xiaowei¹^,²(), SHAN Wei², YU Xuefeng², LI Dapeng², XIE Yuanhui¹, ZHANG Guokun¹, CHI Naijie², WANG Wenlu¹, ZHANG Yan¹^,², LI Zengsheng², MA Xiangxian²

1. Research Center of Genetic Mineralogy, School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
2. MNR Key Laboratory of Gold Mineralization Processes and Resources Utilization/Shandong Key Laboratory of Mineralization Geological Processes and Resources Utilization in Metallic Minerals, Shandong Institute of Geological Sciences, Jinan 250013, China

Received:2021-05-06 Revised:2021-10-22 Online:2022-09-25 Published:2022-08-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

山东五莲七宝山地区早白垩世的碱性侵入岩位于火山机构的中央部位,该岩体具有高Ba-Sr含量、高Nb/Ta和Zr/Hf比、低Ti/Eu比等特征,前人的研究指出其起源于岩石圈地幔。然而,该侵入体中的岩性与成分变化所反映的深部动力学过程尚未理清。本文对七宝山二长辉长岩和两类辉石二长岩开展了详细的矿物学和岩石地球化学研究,识别出钠质和钾质两类钾玄质岩石系列。该套碱性中基性侵入岩具有富碱、富轻稀土和富大离子亲石元素的特征,同时具有高的(La/Yb)_N和(Gd/Yb)_N值。碱性侵入岩中两类单斜辉石和两类斜长石作为再循环晶,记录了不同批次岩浆/熔体的混合,这些矿物组分和全岩成分共同约束了岩浆的起源与演化过程。结合前人的地球化学资料,本文指出七宝山碱性侵入岩的源区是曾受到沉积物交代的富集地幔,源区存在金云母脉体和角闪石脉体。上述脉体连同周围的地幔橄榄岩共同发生部分熔融,形成原生的碱性熔体。七宝山碱性侵入岩显示高的Nb/Ta和Zr/Hf比、低的Ti/Eu比,同时在微量元素蜘蛛图上呈现Ti^*和Hf^*的负异常,结合高稀土单斜辉石平衡熔体的属性,共同指示了碳酸盐熔体组分对该套碱性侵入岩的形成发挥了重要作用。钠质系列与钾质系列岩石反映了源区富碱矿物相类型相对贡献量的差异,即钠质为主的碱性岩反映源区角闪石的贡献更大,而钾质为主的碱性岩反映源区金云母的贡献占优势。此外,碱性侵入岩中的钾质系列具有异常高的Rb-Zr-Hf-U含量,很可能反映了源区在部分熔融过程中热液锆石熔解后形成的熔体加入到了钾质岩浆房内。本研究强调了碳酸盐熔体组分对高Nb/Ta碱性中基性的形成发挥着重要作用,亦强调了热液锆石的熔解加入导致岩浆具有高Zr-Hf-U含量的特征。

关键词: 碱性侵入岩, 碳酸盐交代作用, 高Ba-Sr, 山东七宝山

Abstract:

Located in the central part of the volcanic edifice, the Qibaoshan alkaline intermediate-mafic intrusive pluton is characterized by high Ba-Sr contents, high Nb/Ta and Zr/Hf ratios, and low Ti/Eu ratio. Previous studies indicate this pluton originates from an enriched metasomatized mantle source; however, its dynamic processes—reflected by the changes in its lithology and geochemical composition—are not yet clear. Here, through detailed mineralogical and whole-rock geochemical analyses, we identified the Qibaoshan alkaline intrusive rocks are of both sodic and potassic series. These alkaline intrusive rocks display enrichments in total alkalis, light rare earth element (LREE), and large-ion lithophile elements (LILE) (e.g., Ba and Sr), as well as high (La/Yb)_N and (Gd/Yb)_N values. Two types of clinopyroxenes/plagioclases are identified; and they, as antecrysts, record multiple batches of magmas/melts during the formation of these alkaline intrusive rocks. Combined with previously published data, we propose that the source region of the Qibaoshan alkaline intrusive rocks is of enriched mantle metasomatized by sediments, and contains phlogopite and amphibole veins. Concurrent partial melting of these veins and ambient mantle peridotites produced primitive alkaline melts. The high Nb/Ta and Zr/Hf ratios, low Ti/Eu ratio, as well as negative Ti^* and Hf^* anomalies in the primitive mantle-normalized trace element patterns collectively indicate significant contribution by carbonatite melt to forming the Qibaoshan alkaline rocks. The presence of both sodic and potassic series points to the pivotal roles different dominating buffering minerals (amphibole vs. phlogopite) play in the mantle source. In addition, the potassic series exhibit abnormally high Rb-Zr-Hf-U contents, probably reflecting an upward transport of zircon melts—formed from dissolution of hydrothermal zircons—to the magma reservoir during the partial melting in the source region. This study highlights the significant contribution by carbonate melts in the formation of high Nb/Ta alkaline intermediate-mafic rocks, and also emphasizes the addition of dissolved hydrothermal zircons to form high Zr-Hf-U alkaline magmas.

Key words: alkaline intrusive rocks, carbonatite metasomatism, high Ba-Sr, the Qibaoshan area in Shandong

中图分类号:

李小伟, 单伟, 于学峰, 李大鹏, 谢元惠, 张国坤, 迟乃杰, 王文鲁, 张岩, 李增胜, 马祥县. 五莲七宝山地区早白垩世碱性侵入岩成因及其地质意义[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(5): 438-463.

LI Xiaowei, SHAN Wei, YU Xuefeng, LI Dapeng, XIE Yuanhui, ZHANG Guokun, CHI Naijie, WANG Wenlu, ZHANG Yan, LI Zengsheng, MA Xiangxian. Petrogenesis of Early Cretaceous Qibaoshan alkaline intrusive rocks in the Wulian area and its geological significance[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2022, 29(5): 438-463.

图/表 20

图1 区域地质图(a据文献[27]修改;b据文献[20]修改) a—苏鲁造山带南部区域构造图;b—七宝山岩体地质简图。

Fig.1 Regional geological map. (a) was modified after [27]; (b) was modified after [20].

图2 七宝山岩体中各类碱性岩石手标本、镜下及背散射图像 (a)七宝山岩体中的中细粒二长辉长岩手标本照片;(b)中细粒辉石二长岩手标本;(c)中细粒二长辉长岩中的单斜辉石及黑云母;(d)斑状辉石二长岩中的单斜辉石及斜长石;(e)中细粒二长辉长岩中磁铁矿与钛铁矿交生的现象;(f)斑状辉石二长岩中较大颗粒的斜长石,无明显环带特征;(g)斑状辉石二长岩中斜长石的绿帘石化现象;(h)中细粒二长辉长岩中斜长石外围发育钾长石生长边;(i)中细粒二长辉长岩中筛状结构单斜辉石,筛孔中主要发育有磁铁矿、钛铁矿及磷灰石等。Cpx—单斜辉石;Pl—斜长石;Mt—磁铁矿;Ilm—钛铁矿;Ep—绿帘石;Bt—黑云母;Ap—磷灰石;Kf—钾长石。

Fig.2 Hand specimens, photomicrographs and BSE photos of Qibaoshan alkaline rocks. (a)&(b) Hand specimens photos for medium-fine grained monzogabbro and moderate-fine grained pyroxene monzonite; (c) Photomicrographs of clinopyroxenes and biotites from medium-fine grained monzogabbro; (d) Photomicrographs of Cpx and Pl from porphyritic pyroxene monzonite; (e) Intergrowth textures of magnetite and ilmenite from medium-fine grained monzogabbro; (f) Large grain plagioclase without obvious zoning from porphyritic pyroxene monzonite; (g) Epidotization of plagioclase in porphyritic pyroxene monzonite; (h) plagioclase surrounded by K-feldspar rims in medium-fine grained monzonite gabbro; and (i) Cpx from medium-fine grained monzogabbro shows spongy textures, of whose sieves are mainly composed to magnetite, ilmenite and apatite. Cpx: clinopyroxene; Pl: plagioclase; Mt: magnetite; Ilm: ilmenite; Ep: epidote; Bt: biotite; Ap: apatite; Kf: K-feldspar.

表1 七宝山杂岩体中单斜辉石主.微量组分数据

Table 1 Major and Trace elements compositions of clinopyroxenes from Qibaoshan complex

表2 七宝山杂岩体中斜长石原位主.微量组分数据

Table 2 Major and Trace elements compositions of plagioclase from Qibaoshan complex

表3 七宝山杂岩体中钾长石主量组分数据

Table 3 Major elements contents of K-feldspars from Qibaoshan complex

样品号	岩性	w_B/%
样品号	岩性	SiO₂	TiO₂	Al₂O₃	FeO^T	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	P₂O₅	Total
LD1901-1	Kf-中细粒二长辉长岩	64.09	0.10	19.57	0.18	0.00	0.00	0.70	3.00	11.64	0.03	99.3
LD1901-2		63.89	0.07	19.45	0.17	0.02	0.00	0.70	2.99	11.61	0.00	98.9
LD1901-3		63.99	0.07	19.61	0.18	0.04	0.00	0.98	3.72	10.35	0.00	98.9
LD1901-4		64.68	0.05	19.39	0.29	0.02	0.00	0.50	3.64	10.90	0.01	99.5
LD1901-5		64.18	0.01	18.75	0.12	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.24	15.35	0.00	98.7
LD1901-6		63.84	0.03	19.19	0.36	0.01	0.00	0.44	2.71	12.11	0.01	98.7
LD1901-7		64.29	0.07	19.43	0.22	0.02	0.00	0.58	2.62	11.76	0.00	99.0
LD1901-8		64.28	0.10	19.44	0.16	0.00	0.01	0.61	3.56	10.75	0.00	98.9
LD1901-9	Kf-斑状辉石二长岩	65.06	0.02	19.62	0.17	0.00	0.03	0.05	0.61	14.62	0.00	100.2
QBS1906-1		64.36	0.08	19.19	0.48	0.00	0.00	0.24	0.70	14.11	0.03	99.2
QBS1906-2		63.84	0.02	18.85	0.28	0.00	0.13	0.06	0.45	14.92	0.00	98.5
QBS1906-3		64.23	0.00	18.99	0.36	0.05	0.03	0.04	0.48	14.86	0.00	99.0
HSG1904-1		63.68	0.07	19.68	0.17	0.00	0.00	0.75	4.08	10.33	0.00	98.8
QBS1909-1		66.35	0.36	17.98	0.53	0.11	0.16	0.36	3.14	10.53	0.02	99.5
QBS1909-2		64.59	0.05	18.62	0.00	0.05	0.00	0.01	2.06	13.11	0.00	98.5
QBS1909-3		64.80	0.03	18.90	0.01	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.25	15.65	0.00	99.7
QBS1909-4		65.2	0.00	18.7	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.0	2.20	13.17	0.08	100.1

表4 七宝山杂岩体中黑云母主量组分数据

Table 4 Major elements contents of biotite from Qibaoshan complex

样品号	岩性	w_B/%
样品号	岩性	SiO₂	TiO₂	Al₂O₃	Cr₂O₃	FeO^T	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	P₂O₅	NiO	F	Cl	Total
LD1901-1	Bt-中细粒二长辉长岩	38.47	6.50	13.68	0.02	8.93	0.07	18.32	0.04	0.30	9.80	0.00	0.01	1.09	0.22	96.94
LD1901-2		37.29	6.46	13.70	0.02	9.06	0.12	17.53	0.00	0.29	9.32	0.00	0.00	1.54	0.22	94.84
LD1901-3		37.95	6.62	13.85	0.00	8.71	0.10	17.77	0.00	0.29	9.56	0.03	0.00	1.01	0.13	95.57
LD1901-4		38.69	6.22	13.54	0.03	8.84	0.06	18.30	0.02	0.27	9.37	0.08	0.00	1.54	0.23	96.47
LD1901-5		38.28	6.54	13.88	0.06	8.98	0.11	17.71	0.02	0.32	9.41	0.01	0.00	2.56	0.16	96.91
LD1901-6		37.91	8.46	13.49	0.03	9.60	0.08	16.86	0.02	0.31	9.48	0.00	0.08	0.76	0.14	96.86
LD1901-7		38.31	6.77	13.95	0.00	8.97	0.07	18.14	0.00	0.31	9.47	0.01	0.10	1.50	0.17	97.09
LD1901-8		39.38	6.93	12.26	0.01	6.54	0.09	19.44	0.03	0.16	9.61	0.01	0.04	0.68	0.05	94.92
LD1901-9		38.61	8.76	13.07	0.00	7.51	0.09	17.83	0.03	0.29	9.39	0.00	0.04	0.57	0.03	95.96
LD1901-10		38.09	6.05	13.73	0.05	9.49	0.02	17.74	0.00	0.30	9.47	0.00	0.07	1.64	0.20	96.12
LD1901-11		38.26	6.09	13.32	0.01	8.74	0.08	18.50	0.00	0.26	9.38	0.00	0.06	1.07	0.21	95.49
LD1901-12		38.63	6.00	13.95	0.04	9.32	0.08	17.84	0.00	0.34	9.47	0.00	0.02	1.80	0.21	96.89
LD1901-13		38.10	6.05	13.75	0.03	9.45	0.15	17.80	0.02	0.34	9.55	0.03	0.03	1.69	0.16	96.39
HSG1904-1	Bt-中细粒辉石二长岩	38.10	6.73	13.51	0.02	10.69	0.09	16.97	0.08	0.28	9.26	0.00	0.00	1.04	0.26	96.54
HSG1904-2	Bt-中细粒辉石二长岩	37.53	7.48	13.34	0.00	11.04	0.08	16.27	0.07	0.26	9.18	0.07	0.00	0.88	0.26	96.01

图3 七宝山岩体中辉石三端员分类图(a)和单斜辉石与寄主岩平衡图解(b)(a底图据文献[31];b底图据文献[34])

Fig.3 Classification diagram of clinopyroxenes (a) and equilibrium tests between Cpx and their host rocks (b) of the Qibaoshan pluton. Base map of (a) adapted from [31] and (b) adapted from [34].

图4 七宝山岩体中斜长石分类图(a)和钾长石分类图(b)

Fig.4 Classification diagrams of plagioclases (a) and K-feldspars (b) of the Qibaoshan pluton

图5 七宝山杂岩体中云母分类图(a)和黑云母成因判别图解(b)(a底图据文献[35];b底图据文献[36])

Fig.5 Classification diagrams of mica (a) and discrimination of biotites with different origins (b) of the Qibaoshan complex. Base map of (a) adapted from [35] and (b) adapted from [36].

图6 七宝山杂岩体侵入岩SiO2-Nb/Y分类图解(a)和K2O-SiO2图解(b)(a底图据文献[37];b底图来自[38]。前人辉石二长岩数据来源文献[20-21])

Fig.6 TAS diagram of the Qibaoshan complex (a) and plot of K2O versus SiO2 contents (b) of the Qibaoshan pluton. Base map of (a) adapted from [37] and (b) adapted from [38]; data of previous studies adapted from [20-21].

表5 七宝山杂岩体全岩主、微量组分数据

Table 5 Major and trace elements contents of whole-rock

图7 七宝山杂岩体稀土元素配分模式图(a)及蜘蛛图(b)(标准化数据引自文献[39];前人数据来自于文献[15,19⇓-21])

Fig.7 Chondrite-normalized REE patterns (a) and primitive mantle-normalized multiple elements abundances (b) of whole rocks. The chondrite and primitive mantle values are from [39]. Data for previous studies are from [15,19⇓-21].

图8 七宝山碱性岩全岩(Rb+Zr)-K2O/Na2O图解(高Zr样品和低Zr样品为前人数据,来源同图7)

Fig.8 Plot of Rb+Zr contents versus K2O/Na2O ratios for the Qibaoshan complex. Previous data sources are as Fig.7.

图9 七宝山碱性岩全岩U-Th图解

Fig.9 Plot of U contents versus Th contents for the Qibaoshan complex

图10 七宝山碱性岩U/Nb-SiO2图解(前人数据来自文献[20])

Fig.10 The diagram of U/Nb ratios versus SiO2 contents for the Qibaoshan alkaline rocks. Data of previous study are from [20].

图11 七宝山杂岩体哈克图解 (二辉橄榄岩及含金云母方辉橄榄岩在1 GPa条件下部分熔融的熔体数据来自文献[3];前人数据来自文献[20-21])

Fig.11 Harker diagrams for the Qibaoshan complex. Data for partial melting of lherzolite and phlogopite-bearing harzburgite under 1 GPa are from [3]. Previous data are from [20-21].

图12 七宝山碱性岩全岩Sr-Eu/Eu*图解(a)和Th/Nd-Th图解(b)(前人数据来源同图7)

Fig.12 The diagrams of Sr contents versus Eu/Eu* ratios (a) and Th/Nd ratios versus Th contents (b) for the Qibaoshan alkaline rocks. Previous data sources are as Fig.7.

图13 七宝山碱性岩全岩Zr-Ba/Rb图解(a)和全岩Rb/Sr-Ba/Rb图解(b)(SCLM数据来自文献[60];前人数据来源同图7)

Fig.13 The diagrams of Zr contents versus Ba/Rb ratios (a) and Rb/Sr versus Ba/Rb ratios (b) for the Qibaoshan alkaline rocks. Data of SCLM are collected from [60]. Previous data sources are as Fig.7.

图14 七宝山碱性岩全岩Pb/Ce-Pb图解(a)和全岩U/Th-Th图解(b)(a底图据文献[62-63]; b底图据文献[64]。前人数据来源同图7)

Fig.14 Plot of whole-rock Pb/Ce ratios versus Pb contents (a) and Plot of whole-rock U/Th ratios versus Th contents (b) for the Qibaoshan alkaline rocks. Base maps of (a) adapted from [62-63] and (b) adapted from [64]. Previous data sources are as Fig.7.

图15 七宝山碱性岩全岩Nb/Ta-Zr/Hf图解(前人数据来自文献[15,19-20],MORB数据来自[71⇓-73],原始地幔数据来自[39])

Fig.15 Plot of whole-rock Nb/Ta versus Zr/Hf ratios for the Qibaoshan alkaline rocks. Previous data are from [15,19-20]. Data of MORBs adapted from [71⇓-73]. Primitive mantle values are from [39].

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五莲七宝山地区早白垩世碱性侵入岩成因及其地质意义

Petrogenesis of Early Cretaceous Qibaoshan alkaline intrusive rocks in the Wulian area and its geological significance

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