俄罗斯极地乌拉尔硬玉岩成因矿物学研究

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.5.39

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

俯冲带是壳-幔物质循环的重要场所,硬玉岩可以记录这一循环过程。文中总结了俄罗斯极地乌拉尔硬玉岩的研究进展。硬玉岩呈脉状或透镜状产在蛇纹石化的方辉橄榄岩中,主要由硬玉和绿辉石组成。根据结构和颜色,硬玉可识别出两个世代。硬玉韵律环带发育,含有H₂O和CH₄流体包裹体,显示从流体中结晶的特征。硬玉岩中的锆石为热液锆石,锆石稀土元素中La_N/Yb_N=0.001~0.01,Lu_N/Gd_N=10~83,Ce/Ce^*=2.8~72,显示正异常,δEu=0.53~1.02,类似于岩浆锆石。锆石的¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf=0.282 708~0.283 017,ε_Hf(t)=+6~+17,类似于N-MORB的Hf同位素组成,锆石δ¹⁸O组成为5.03‰~6.04‰,平均δ¹⁸O为(5.45±0.11)‰,类似于岩浆热液和地幔的氧同位素组成。这可能反映了锆石是被俯冲带流体从途经火成岩中捕获的或者形成锆石的流体与寄主岩(方辉橄榄岩)达到了平衡。硬玉岩稀土元素配分模式近平坦或轻稀土元素略显富集,La_N/Yb_N比值为0.82~2.42,δEu为1.2~1.6,显示正异常,这与寄主岩稀土元素配分模式相似。富集Sr、Ba、Zr、Hf,Nb为负异常,与岛弧岩浆特征类似。(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_t为0.703 400~0.703 519(t=368 Ma),变化较小,与古海水差别明显;ε_Nd(t)值为+0.77~+5.61,变化较大,与寄主岩(方辉橄榄岩)的Nd同位素组成类似,但不同于海水及沉积物的Nd同位素组成,表明硬玉岩的物质来源与寄主岩有明显继承关系,海水与沉积物的贡献不是主要的。矿物学和岩石学证据支持极地乌拉尔的硬玉岩主要是俯冲带流体与橄榄岩相互作用后并在其中结晶的产物。

关键词: 硬玉岩, 硬玉, 锆石, 全岩地球化学, 俯冲带流体, 极地乌拉尔, 俄罗斯

Abstract:

Subduction zones are major sites for mass circulation between the crust and mantle, while jadeitite is a recorder of the process. In this paper, we summarized the research advance of jadeitite from Polar Urals (Russia). Jadeitite occurs in serpentinized harzburgite as veins or lenses and is composed of jadeite and omphacite. Two generations can be identified based on the color and texture of jadeite. The oscillatory zoning and fluid inclusions (H₂O+CH₄ in composition) in jadeite indicated it is crystallized from fluids. Zircons from jadeitite are hydrothermal at origin, and are enriched in HREE, with La_N/Yb_N and Lu_N/Gd_N ratios ranging between 0.001-0.01, and 10-83, respectively. Cerium shows positive anomalies, with Ce/Ce^* values ranging from 2.8 to 72, and δEu from 0.53 to 1.02. The ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf ratios of zircons ranged from 0.282708 to 0.283017, with initial Hf isotope compositions ranging from +6 to +17. These characteristics resemble those of zircons from depleted mantle-derived magmas. The δ ¹⁸O isotope compositions of zircons ranged from 5.03‰ to 6.04‰ with an average of 5.45‰±0.11‰, similar to those of mantle rocks, suggesting that zircons were acquired from precursor igneous rocks and then transported and reworked by fluids from the subducting slab, or isotopic equilibration was reached between fluid and host harzburgite. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of jadeitite displayed weak U-shaped distribution, with La_N/Yb_N ratios of 0.82-2.42, and very weak positive Eu anomalies (δEu=1.2-1.6). Jadeitite was enriched in Sr, Ba, Zr and Hf and depleted in Nb, relative to primitive mantle values. The initial Sr isotopic compositions of jadeitite ranged from 0.703400 to 0.703519 (t=368 Ma), and the initial Nd-isotope ratios (ε_Nd=+0.77-+5.61) differed from those of ancient ocean water, oceanic sediments and eclogite, metagranite, and metasediments in the nearby Marun-Keu complex. Mineralogical and petrological evidences support jadeitite precipitation from material mainly produced by fluid interaction with mafic-ultramafic rocks in a subduction zone environment.

Key words: jadeitite, jadeite, zircon, geochemistry, fluids in subduction zone, Polar Urals, Russia

中图分类号:

孟繁聪, 白盛锦, Alexander B. MAKEYEV, Ksenia V. KULIKOVA. 俄罗斯极地乌拉尔硬玉岩成因矿物学研究[J]. 地学前缘, 2020, 27(5): 88-98.

MENG Fancong, BAI Shengjin, Alexander B. MAKEYEV, Ksenia V. KULIKOVA. Genetic mineralogy of jadeitite from Polar Urals, Russia[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2020, 27(5): 88-98.

图/表 4

图1 极地乌拉尔含硬玉矿的Syum-Keu超基性岩体及其邻区地质简图(修改自[34]) 1—中生代沉积岩;2—古生代沉积岩;3—新元古代—寒武纪片岩(NR);4—新元古代—寒武纪杂岩(HN);5—新元古代—寒武纪杂岩(MK-Marun-Keu杂岩,包括片麻岩、角闪岩、榴辉岩和石榴橄榄岩);6—新元古代—寒武纪花岗质片麻岩(gr);7—新元古代—寒武纪花岗岩(g);8—新元古代—寒武纪辉长岩(v);9—晚奥陶世—志留纪辉长岩;10—SK-Syum-Keu岩体(超镁铁岩);11—蛇纹石化橄榄岩(s);12—云母山石榴橄榄岩;13—蓝片岩;14—硬玉矿;MUF—乌拉尔主断裂。

Fig.1 Simplified geological map of the jaedeitite-bearing Syum-Keu massif and adjacent regions in the Polar Urals. Modified from [34].

图2 极地乌拉尔Pusyerka硬玉岩产状及世代(a—据[50];c,d—据[48]) (a),(b)—硬玉矿体的采坑,硬玉岩(jadeitites)呈透镜状产于蛇纹岩(Serpentinite)中;(c)—第Ⅱ世代硬玉(Jd-Ⅱ-绿色)生长在第Ⅰ世代硬玉(Jd-Ⅰ-灰白色)中;(d)—早期硬玉(Jd-Ⅰ)的脉壁金云母(Ph)。

Fig.2 Occurrences and generations of Pusyerka jadeitites from the Polar Urals (a adapted from [50] and c and d from [48])

图3 极地乌拉尔Pusyerka硬玉岩显微照片(a,c,d—据[51];b—据[50]) (a)—硬玉的振荡环带,Jd—硬玉,Omp—绿辉石;(b)—硬玉(jadeite)中的锆石(zircon)包裹体;(c)—以水(H2O)为主的流体包裹体;(d)—以甲烷(CH4)为主的流体包裹体。

Fig.3 Photomicrographs of Pusyerka jadeitite from the Polar Urals (a, c and d adapted from [51] and b from [50])

图4 极地乌拉尔Pusyerka硬玉岩代表性锆石阴极发光图像(据[50-51]) 锆石标注了年龄、Th/U比值、氧同位素值和εHf(t)值。小虚线圈为U-Pb年龄点;小实线圈为氧同位素测点;大实线圈为微量元素测点;大虚线圈为Lu-Hf同位素测点。

Fig.4 CL image of representative zircons from the Pusyerka jadeitite in Polar Ural. Adapted from [50-51].

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