洋中脊富钛铁氧化物辉长岩成因的一个新思路: 以西南印度洋脊ODP 735B岩心为例

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.6.32

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

西南印度洋脊的ODP 735B岩心中拥有大量富含钛铁氧化物的含氧化物辉长岩,此现象在岩性单元Ⅳ中表现尤为显著。同时,岩性单元Ⅳ中主要硅酸盐矿物亦具有独特的成分变化趋势。以前研究将造成岩性单元Ⅳ中氧化物辉长岩成因和主要造岩矿物成分变化趋势归因于具浮力的、高度分异的富钛铁熔体的作用,这些熔体应形成于735B钻孔之下或其附近,沿剪切带运移至剖面中,并与原岩矿物发生反应。通过对岩性单元Ⅳ氧化物辉长岩进行岩相学特征分析和结构可控的电子探针矿物成分测试,发现当某些因外来物质加入改造而成分进化的硅酸盐矿物形成之时,液相体系中钛铁氧化物并未处于饱和状态。此外,在单斜辉石结晶过程中,单斜辉石内部成分具有从普通辉石—易变辉石—普通辉石的变化,而且,在与某些后期生成的矿物(如钛铁氧化物或斜方辉石等)接触处,单斜辉石则表现出明显进化组成特征。根据岩相学特征和矿物电子探针数据,并结合对前人提出的富钛铁熔体的物理性质的讨论,本文认为在岩性单元Ⅳ形成过程中,更有可能是源自地幔的外来含水流体/含水流体与熔浆的混合体,而非仅仅是极度分异的玄武质残余熔体,参与了岩性单元Ⅳ中氧化物辉长岩的形成。从理论上讲,这些外来含水流体可能与玄武质熔体并非来自同一源区,这意味着其运移方式可能不仅有垂向运移,而且有可能为远距离侧向运移。岩性单元Ⅳ中的氧化物辉长岩可能具有相当独特的同位素特征,这可能会成为判别岩性单元Ⅳ乃至是整个735B岩心中氧化物辉长岩成因的重要线索。

关键词: 外来含水流体, 氧化物辉长岩, 岩性单元Ⅳ, ODP 735B钻孔, 西南印度洋中脊

Abstract:

ODP 735B core from the Southwest Indian Ridge is highly abundant in Fe-Ti oxide-rich gabbros, which is particularly significant in lothologic Unit Ⅳ of this core. Meanwhile, the primary silicate minerals in Unit Ⅳ display unique trend of compositional variations. The formation and the unusual compositional variations of the oxide gabbros are commonly considered to have occurred through modifications by highly differentiated Fe-Ti-rich melts forming beneath or adjacent to Hole 735B, which migrated into the section along shear zones and reacted with an upwardly differentiated olivine gabbro protolith. Here, we report the detailed petrographic features and structure-controlled mineral profiles of the Unit Ⅳ oxide gabbros to provide a new perspective on the their formation. It can be seen that when some evolved silicate minerals formed due to the injection of exotic materials, Fe-Ti oxides should have remained unsaturated in the liquid. Additionally, the clinopyroxenes follow the crystallization sequence of augite → pigeonite → augite during crystallization, and near contacts with the later-formed minerals in the oxide gabbros (e.g., Fe-Ti oxides or orthopyroxene), the clinopyroxenes have significantly evolved compositions. Based on the detailed petrographic features and mineral compositional microprobe data, combining with discussion on Fe-Ti-rich melts by former researchers, we propose exotic mantle-derived hydrous fluids or liquid mixtures of hydrous fluids and basaltic melts, rather than just highly differentiated Fe-Ti-rich melts, as the suitable exotic materials involved within the formation of the oxide gabbros in Unit Ⅳ. Theoretically, these fluids might not originate from the same source region as the basaltic melt, which means that these fluids might migrate not only vertically, but also laterally over long distances. Therefore, it is reasonable to speculate that oxide gabbros in Unit Ⅳ should have unique isotopic features, which would be important clues in testing the mechanism of the formation of oxide gabbros in Unit Ⅳ, even in the whole 735B core.

Key words: exotic hydrous fluids, oxide gabbros, lithologic unit Ⅳ, ODP 735B core, Southwest Indian Ridge

中图分类号:

靳野, 方念乔, 袁晓博, 胡克. 洋中脊富钛铁氧化物辉长岩成因的一个新思路: 以西南印度洋脊ODP 735B岩心为例[J]. 地学前缘, 2021, 28(1): 334-352.

JIN Ye, FANG Nianqiao, YUAN Xiaobo, HU Ke. An alternative perspective of the origin of oxide gabbros from ocean ridge: The case of the ODP 735B core from the Southwest Indian Ridge[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2021, 28(1): 334-352.

图/表 13

图1 西南印度洋脊平面展布形态及断裂带分布、ODP 735B孔位置(a)及岩性剖面图(b)(图a据文献[22]修改;图b据文献[21]) 图a中ODP 735B钻孔坐标据文献[17]。图b中粗黑线标示ODP 735B岩心上、中、下500 m的分界线;虚线标示地球化学旋回间分界线;箭头标示在每一地球化学旋回内,橄长质辉长岩和橄榄石辉长岩的全岩Mg#随深度的变化趋势,Mg#=Mg/(Mg+Fe2+),并假定Fe2+/(Fe2++Fe3+)=0.86[21]。

Fig.1 (a) Distribution of fracture zones and geometry of the Southwest Indian Ridge and the location of ODP 735B Hole (modified from [22]); and (b) sectional profile of this core (adapted from [21])

图2 ODP 735B岩心上部(旋回1、2及岩性单元Ⅳ) 斜长石An值与橄榄石Fo值(a)和单斜辉石Mg#值(b)的关系(所有数据据文献[6]) 旋回1:1—橄榄石辉长岩;2—辉长苏长岩;3—含钛铁氧化物辉长岩。岩性单元Ⅳ: 4—富钛铁氧化物辉长岩;5—橄长岩及橄榄石辉长岩。旋回2: 6—橄长岩;7—橄榄石辉长岩;8—辉长苏长岩;9—含钛铁氧化物辉长岩。

Fig.2 Covariation plots of Fo content of olivine (a) and Mg# of clinopyroxene (b) vs. An content of plagioclase from the upper part of the ODP 735B core (including Cycle 1 and 2, and Unit Ⅳ). All data adapted from [6].

图3 ODP 735B岩心上部斜长石的An值(a)、单斜辉石的Mg#值(b)、橄榄石的Fo值(c)及计算平衡液相温度(d)随深度的变化图a至c中所有数据据文献[6];图d的计算所采用数据据文献[6],投点为Kd=0.3的计算结果,左右的误差棒对应Kd=0.27和0.33时的计算结果;所有投点图例同图2。

Fig.3 Variations of (a) plagioclase anorthite value (An),(b) Mg# of clinopyroxene,(c) olivine forsterite value (Fo), and (d) calculated liquid phase equilibrium temperature (T) with depth for the upper part of the ODP 735B core

图4 岩性单元Ⅳ氧化物辉长岩典型岩相学特征(a)、典型硅酸盐矿物港湾状边缘的背散射电子图像(a-1,a-2)及各主要硅酸盐矿物化学组成变化趋势(b) 图a中,剖面A-B内硅酸盐矿物(斜长石和单斜辉石)与后期充填的钛铁氧化物接触边界以A1、A2、A3、A4标出,单斜辉石与其中包裹的钛铁氧化物间的接触边界以A1、A2标出。图a-1中分别以钛铁氧化物a和钛铁氧化物b表示含钛磁铁矿和钛铁矿类钛铁氧化物。图b中,硅酸盐矿物中的含Ca组成端员包括斜长石中的An和单斜辉石中的Wo。Pl—斜长石;Cpx—单斜辉石。

Fig.4 Oxide gabbros in Unit Ⅳ. (a) Typical petrography,with backscattered electron (BSE) images of representative bay-shaped edges of silicate minerals (a-1 and a-2); and (b) compositional profile involving all primary silicate minerals.

图5 包裹于单斜辉石中斜方辉石和金属硫化物的矿相学特征(a,背散射图像a-1和a-2)以及硅酸盐矿物化学组成变化趋势(b和c) 图a中剖面C-D(背散射图像见图a-1)和E-F(背散射图像见图a-2)的硅酸盐矿物化学组成变化趋势分别见图b和c;图b和c中硅酸盐矿物中的含Ca组成端员包括斜长石中的An、单斜辉石中的Wo和斜方辉石中的Wo。Pl—斜长石;Cpx—单斜辉石;Opx—斜方辉石。

Fig.5 Orthopyroxenes and sulfides trapped in clinopyroxenes. (a) Typical petrography, with BSE images of sections C-D (a-1) and E-F (a-2); (b) and (c) compositional profiles of sections C-D and E-F involving all primary silicate minerals.

图6 典型硫化物背散射图像(a)及能谱分析(b-d) 所测元素质量分数及摩尔分数数据均已加权平均至100%。根据数据判断所测硫化物应包含黄铁矿和黄铜矿。

Fig.6 BSE image (a) and energy spectra (b-d) of representative sulfides

表1 岩性单元Ⅳ氧化物辉长岩的电子探针分析剖面化学组成

Table 1 Chemical compositions of representative microprobe analysed cross-sectional profiles from Unit Ⅳ oxide gabbros

测试点			矿物类型			w_B/%
测试点			矿物类型			SiO₂		TiO₂		Al₂O₃		Cr₂O₃		FeO		MnO		MgO		CaO		Na₂O	K₂O		P₂O₅		NiO		V₂O₅		CoO		CuO		ZnO		SO₃		F		Cl	总量
剖面A-B	1	斜长石		59.599	0.066		24.747		0.019		0.170		0.039		0.009		7.350		6.995		0.179			0.047		0.003		—		0.012		0.024		—		0.005		—		0.032		99.296
	2	斜长石		60.449	0.116		24.799		0.011		0.169		0.003		0.005		7.203		7.091		0.160			—		—		0.010		0.023		0.005		0.028		—		—		—		100.072
	3	斜长石		60.034	0.030		24.727		—		0.189		—		0.036		7.474		7.050		0.117			0.054		—		0.048		0.016		—		0.055		0.021		—		0.015		99.866
	4	钛铁氧化物^a		0.082	5.952		4.115		0.003		79.755		0.256		0.289		—		0.058		0.008			—		0.020		1.938		0.147		—		0.063		—		—		0.013		92.699
	5	钛铁氧化物^b		0.025	53.629		0.001		0.026		44.675		0.840		0.733		—		0.008		0.011			—		0.030		0.576		0.067		—		0.056		—		—		—		100.677
	6	钛铁氧化物^a		0.102	6.577		4.361		0.072		78.576		0.267		0.442		—		0.045		—			—		0.022		1.934		0.183		—		0.150		—		—		0.016		92.747
	7	单斜辉石		51.355	0.686		1.879		—		11.866		0.363		12.507		20.026		0.483		0.017			—		0.045		0.071		0.021		—		0.066		—		—		0.017		99.402
	8	单斜辉石		51.214	0.900		2.118		—		12.408		0.383		12.585		18.778		0.501		—			0.064		—		0.098		0.032		—		0.131		0.023		—		—		99.235
	9	单斜辉石		49.996	0.748		2.078		—		14.393		0.379		13.602		17.466		0.430		—			0.058		0.021		0.123		0.054		0.066		0.032		—		—		—		99.446
	10	单斜辉石		50.532	0.739		2.203		—		12.211		0.359		12.811		21.092		0.518		0.005			0.025		0.021		0.095		0.035		—		0.064		—		—		—		100.710
	11	单斜辉石		51.826	0.489		1.916		—		10.898		0.275		13.207		19.962		0.359		0.002			0.013		0.007		0.101		0.030		0.012		—		0.015		—		—		99.112
	12	钛铁氧化物^b		0.044	52.552		0.093		—		45.459		1.143		0.420		—		—		0.021			—		—		0.599		0.099		—		—		—		0.043		0.013		100.486
	13	单斜辉石		51.164	0.690		2.033		0.019		11.976		0.370		13.000		20.939		0.495		—			—		0.020		0.037		0.001		0.020		—		0.015		0.074		—		100.853
	14	单斜辉石		50.964	0.813		2.219		0.023		12.022		0.420		12.408		19.749		0.508		—			0.019		0.005		0.116		0.077		0.056		—		—		0.029		0.003		99.431
	15	单斜辉石		51.485	0.381		0.991		—		23.347		0.642		17.391		4.918		0.099		—			—		—		0.040		0.051		0.026		0.099		0.021		0.051		0.001		99.543
	16	钛铁氧化物^b		0.014	53.222		0.013		0.011		44.909		0.704		1.144		—		0.002		—			0.138		—		0.575		0.058		—		0.036		0.011		—		0.007		100.844
	17	钛铁氧化物^b		0.011	52.626		0.030		—		44.604		0.619		1.648		—		—		0.001			0.133		—		0.672		0.064		—		—		—		—		0.010		100.418
	18	钛铁氧化物^a		0.048	4.412		2.147		0.069		82.596		0.136		0.281		—		—		—			—		—		2.018		0.136		0.002		0.104		—		—		0.001		91.950
	19	单斜辉石		50.850	0.811		2.111		—		12.111		0.320		12.631		21.104		0.490		—			0.045		0.037		0.130		0.006		—		0.030		—		—		—		100.676
	20	单斜辉石		51.265	0.366		0.972		0.008		24.307		0.562		17.483		5.576		0.132		0.003			—		0.014		0.053		0.072		—		0.134		—		—		0.001		100.948
	21	单斜辉石		51.325	0.509		1.646		0.022		17.170		0.529		14.788		12.872		0.312		—			0.026		0.024		0.091		0.054		0.014		0.075		—		0.014		0.002		99.473
剖面C-D	1	单斜辉石		51.232	0.581		1.837		0.009		12.727		0.311		12.935		20.275		0.482		—			0.038		—		0.096		—		0.032		0.029		—		0.015		—		100.599
	2	斜长石		60.162	0.063		24.729		0.026		0.198		—		0.027		7.028		7.095		0.209			0.040		—		0.014		0.020		0.049		—		0.035		—		—		99.695
	3	单斜辉石		51.005	0.474		1.378		0.029		11.487		0.358		13.076		21.513		0.461		0.008			0.019		—		0.012		0.010		—		0.026		—		—		—		99.856
	4	硫化物		2.284	—		0.155		0.121		55.907		0.032		0.238		0.312		0.424		0.146			0.044		0.21		0.009		0.463		0.161		0.091		59.743		—		0.057		120.397
	5	斜方辉石		51.957	0.206		0.753		0.006		25.527		0.580		18.909		1.589		0.035		—			—		—		0.038		0.074		0.019		0.057		0.003		0.074		0.003		99.830
	6	单斜辉石		51.306	0.421		1.299		0.003		21.559		0.603		16.274		7.912		0.201		0.026			—		—		0.053		0.058		—		—		—		—		0.012		99.727
剖面E-F	1	单斜辉石		51.074	0.479		1.499		0.045		13.729		0.400		13.656		18.479		0.402		—			0.038		—		0.118		0.002		—		0.019		—		—		0.012		99.952
	2	斜方辉石		52.026	0.261		0.655		0.003		27.064		0.659		18.904		0.933		0.001		—			0.046		0.018		0.013		0.061		—		—		0.005		0.049		—		100.698
	3	硫化物		0.910	—		0.023		0.075		59.602		0.026		0.066		0.033		0.499		0.150			0.038		0.125		—		0.360		—		0.072		61.813		—		0.043		123.835
	4	单斜辉石		50.654	0.602		1.984		0.024		12.937		0.342		12.983		19.749		0.523		0.021			0.019		0.021		0.085		—		0.049		—		—		—		0.007		100.000

表1 岩性单元Ⅳ氧化物辉长岩的电子探针分析剖面化学组成

Table 1 Chemical compositions of representative microprobe analysed cross-sectional profiles from Unit Ⅳ oxide gabbros

测试点			矿物类型			w_B/%
测试点			矿物类型			SiO₂		TiO₂		Al₂O₃		Cr₂O₃		FeO		MnO		MgO		CaO		Na₂O	K₂O		P₂O₅		NiO		V₂O₅		CoO		CuO		ZnO		SO₃		F		Cl	总量
剖面A-B	1	斜长石		59.599	0.066		24.747		0.019		0.170		0.039		0.009		7.350		6.995		0.179			0.047		0.003		—		0.012		0.024		—		0.005		—		0.032		99.296
	2	斜长石		60.449	0.116		24.799		0.011		0.169		0.003		0.005		7.203		7.091		0.160			—		—		0.010		0.023		0.005		0.028		—		—		—		100.072
	3	斜长石		60.034	0.030		24.727		—		0.189		—		0.036		7.474		7.050		0.117			0.054		—		0.048		0.016		—		0.055		0.021		—		0.015		99.866
	4	钛铁氧化物^a		0.082	5.952		4.115		0.003		79.755		0.256		0.289		—		0.058		0.008			—		0.020		1.938		0.147		—		0.063		—		—		0.013		92.699
	5	钛铁氧化物^b		0.025	53.629		0.001		0.026		44.675		0.840		0.733		—		0.008		0.011			—		0.030		0.576		0.067		—		0.056		—		—		—		100.677
	6	钛铁氧化物^a		0.102	6.577		4.361		0.072		78.576		0.267		0.442		—		0.045		—			—		0.022		1.934		0.183		—		0.150		—		—		0.016		92.747
	7	单斜辉石		51.355	0.686		1.879		—		11.866		0.363		12.507		20.026		0.483		0.017			—		0.045		0.071		0.021		—		0.066		—		—		0.017		99.402
	8	单斜辉石		51.214	0.900		2.118		—		12.408		0.383		12.585		18.778		0.501		—			0.064		—		0.098		0.032		—		0.131		0.023		—		—		99.235
	9	单斜辉石		49.996	0.748		2.078		—		14.393		0.379		13.602		17.466		0.430		—			0.058		0.021		0.123		0.054		0.066		0.032		—		—		—		99.446
	10	单斜辉石		50.532	0.739		2.203		—		12.211		0.359		12.811		21.092		0.518		0.005			0.025		0.021		0.095		0.035		—		0.064		—		—		—		100.710
	11	单斜辉石		51.826	0.489		1.916		—		10.898		0.275		13.207		19.962		0.359		0.002			0.013		0.007		0.101		0.030		0.012		—		0.015		—		—		99.112
	12	钛铁氧化物^b		0.044	52.552		0.093		—		45.459		1.143		0.420		—		—		0.021			—		—		0.599		0.099		—		—		—		0.043		0.013		100.486
	13	单斜辉石		51.164	0.690		2.033		0.019		11.976		0.370		13.000		20.939		0.495		—			—		0.020		0.037		0.001		0.020		—		0.015		0.074		—		100.853
	14	单斜辉石		50.964	0.813		2.219		0.023		12.022		0.420		12.408		19.749		0.508		—			0.019		0.005		0.116		0.077		0.056		—		—		0.029		0.003		99.431
	15	单斜辉石		51.485	0.381		0.991		—		23.347		0.642		17.391		4.918		0.099		—			—		—		0.040		0.051		0.026		0.099		0.021		0.051		0.001		99.543
	16	钛铁氧化物^b		0.014	53.222		0.013		0.011		44.909		0.704		1.144		—		0.002		—			0.138		—		0.575		0.058		—		0.036		0.011		—		0.007		100.844
	17	钛铁氧化物^b		0.011	52.626		0.030		—		44.604		0.619		1.648		—		—		0.001			0.133		—		0.672		0.064		—		—		—		—		0.010		100.418
	18	钛铁氧化物^a		0.048	4.412		2.147		0.069		82.596		0.136		0.281		—		—		—			—		—		2.018		0.136		0.002		0.104		—		—		0.001		91.950
	19	单斜辉石		50.850	0.811		2.111		—		12.111		0.320		12.631		21.104		0.490		—			0.045		0.037		0.130		0.006		—		0.030		—		—		—		100.676
	20	单斜辉石		51.265	0.366		0.972		0.008		24.307		0.562		17.483		5.576		0.132		0.003			—		0.014		0.053		0.072		—		0.134		—		—		0.001		100.948
	21	单斜辉石		51.325	0.509		1.646		0.022		17.170		0.529		14.788		12.872		0.312		—			0.026		0.024		0.091		0.054		0.014		0.075		—		0.014		0.002		99.473
剖面C-D	1	单斜辉石		51.232	0.581		1.837		0.009		12.727		0.311		12.935		20.275		0.482		—			0.038		—		0.096		—		0.032		0.029		—		0.015		—		100.599
	2	斜长石		60.162	0.063		24.729		0.026		0.198		—		0.027		7.028		7.095		0.209			0.040		—		0.014		0.020		0.049		—		0.035		—		—		99.695
	3	单斜辉石		51.005	0.474		1.378		0.029		11.487		0.358		13.076		21.513		0.461		0.008			0.019		—		0.012		0.010		—		0.026		—		—		—		99.856
	4	硫化物		2.284	—		0.155		0.121		55.907		0.032		0.238		0.312		0.424		0.146			0.044		0.21		0.009		0.463		0.161		0.091		59.743		—		0.057		120.397
	5	斜方辉石		51.957	0.206		0.753		0.006		25.527		0.580		18.909		1.589		0.035		—			—		—		0.038		0.074		0.019		0.057		0.003		0.074		0.003		99.830
	6	单斜辉石		51.306	0.421		1.299		0.003		21.559		0.603		16.274		7.912		0.201		0.026			—		—		0.053		0.058		—		—		—		—		0.012		99.727
剖面E-F	1	单斜辉石		51.074	0.479		1.499		0.045		13.729		0.400		13.656		18.479		0.402		—			0.038		—		0.118		0.002		—		0.019		—		—		0.012		99.952
	2	斜方辉石		52.026	0.261		0.655		0.003		27.064		0.659		18.904		0.933		0.001		—			0.046		0.018		0.013		0.061		—		—		0.005		0.049		—		100.698
	3	硫化物		0.910	—		0.023		0.075		59.602		0.026		0.066		0.033		0.499		0.150			0.038		0.125		—		0.360		—		0.072		61.813		—		0.043		123.835
	4	单斜辉石		50.654	0.602		1.984		0.024		12.937		0.342		12.983		19.749		0.523		0.021			0.019		0.021		0.085		—		0.049		—		—		—		0.007		100.000

表2 斜长石的主要元素的阳离子数以及An、Ab和Or含量

Table 2 Major cation numbers and An, Ab and Or contents of analysed plagioclases

测试点		8个氧为基础计算阳离子数										端员组分指标
测试点		Si	Ti	Al	Fe	Mn	Mg	Ca	Na	K	Total	An	Ab	Or
剖面A-B	1	2.677	0.002	1.308	0.006	0.001	0.001	0.354	0.608	0.010	4.973	36.39	62.56	1.05
	2	2.691	0.004	1.299	0.006	-	-	0.343	0.611	0.009	4.966	35.65	63.40	0.95
	3	2.681	0.001	1.299	0.007	-	0.002	0.358	0.609	0.007	4.971	36.73	62.59	0.68
剖面C-D	2	2.688	0.002	1.300	0.007	-	0.002	0.336	0.614	0.012	4.967	34.98	63.78	1.24

表3 单斜辉石和斜方辉石主要元素的阳离子数、Mg#以及Wo、En和Fs含量

Table 3 Major cation numbers, Mg# and Wo, En and Fs contents of analysed clinopyroxenes and orthopyroxenes

测试点			矿物类型		6个氧为基础计算阳离子数																							Mg^#		端员组分指标
测试点			矿物类型		Si		Ti		Al		Cr		Fe		Mn		Mg		Ca		Na			K		总量		Mg^#		Wo	En		Fs
剖面 A-B	7	单斜辉石		1.948		0.020		0.084		-		0.375		0.012		0.712		0.814		0.035		0.001	4.006		0.655		42.82		37.44			19.74
	8	单斜辉石		1.943		0.026		0.095		-		0.392		0.012		0.716		0.763		0.037		-	3.994		0.646		40.78		38.26			20.96
	9	单斜辉石		1.910		0.021		0.093		-		0.458		0.012		0.779		0.715		0.032		-	4.031		0.630		36.61		39.92			23.47
	10	单斜辉石		1.905		0.021		0.098		-		0.384		0.011		0.724		0.852		0.038		-	4.04		0.654		43.47		36.96			19.57
	11	单斜辉石		1.957		0.014		0.085		-		0.343		0.009		0.748		0.808		0.026		-	3.995		0.686		42.54		39.40			18.06
	13	单斜辉石		1.921		0.019		0.090		0.001		0.375		0.012		0.732		0.842		0.036		-	4.034		0.661		43.21		37.56			19.22
	14	单斜辉石		1.935		0.023		0.099		0.001		0.380		0.013		0.706		0.803		0.037		-	4.007		0.650		42.50		37.38			20.12
	15	单斜辉石		1.968		0.011		0.045		-		0.744		0.021		0.997		0.201		0.007		-	4.003		0.573		10.37		51.34			38.29
	19	单斜辉石		1.914		0.023		0.093		-		0.380		0.010		0.713		0.851		0.036		-	4.027		0.652		43.78		36.68			19.54
	20	单斜辉石		1.945		0.010		0.043		-		0.769		0.018		0.995		0.227		0.010		-	4.025		0.564		11.39		49.99			38.62
	21	单斜辉石		1.953		0.015		0.074		0.001		0.544		0.017		0.844		0.525		0.023		-	4.003		0.608		27.43		44.12			28.46
剖面 C-D	1	单斜辉石		1.929		0.016		0.081		-		0.399		0.010		0.731		0.818		0.035		-	4.026		0.647		41.99		37.51			20.50
	3	单斜辉石		1.934		0.013		0.061		0.001		0.363		0.011		0.744		0.874		0.034		-	4.037		0.672		44.13		37.55			18.33
	5	斜方辉石		1.978		0.006		0.034		-		0.810		0.019		1.080		0.065		0.003		-	4.003		0.571		3.32		55.25			41.44
	6	单斜辉石		1.958		0.012		0.058		-		0.686		0.019		0.931		0.323		0.015		0.001	4.007 5		0.576		16.67		48.00			35.33
剖面 E-F	1	单斜辉石		1.936		0.014		0.067		0.001		0.434		0.013		0.776		0.750		0.029		-	4.025		0.642		38.28		39.60			22.12
	2	斜方辉石		1.972		0.007		0.029		-		0.855		0.021		1.075		0.038		-		-	4.005		0.557		1.93		54.63			43.45
	4	单斜辉石		1.921		0.017		0.089		0.001		0.409		0.011		0.739		0.803		0.038		0.001	4.033		0.644		41.15		37.88			20.97

表3 单斜辉石和斜方辉石主要元素的阳离子数、Mg#以及Wo、En和Fs含量

Table 3 Major cation numbers, Mg# and Wo, En and Fs contents of analysed clinopyroxenes and orthopyroxenes

测试点			矿物类型		6个氧为基础计算阳离子数																							Mg^#		端员组分指标
测试点			矿物类型		Si		Ti		Al		Cr		Fe		Mn		Mg		Ca		Na			K		总量		Mg^#		Wo	En		Fs
剖面 A-B	7	单斜辉石		1.948		0.020		0.084		-		0.375		0.012		0.712		0.814		0.035		0.001	4.006		0.655		42.82		37.44			19.74
	8	单斜辉石		1.943		0.026		0.095		-		0.392		0.012		0.716		0.763		0.037		-	3.994		0.646		40.78		38.26			20.96
	9	单斜辉石		1.910		0.021		0.093		-		0.458		0.012		0.779		0.715		0.032		-	4.031		0.630		36.61		39.92			23.47
	10	单斜辉石		1.905		0.021		0.098		-		0.384		0.011		0.724		0.852		0.038		-	4.04		0.654		43.47		36.96			19.57
	11	单斜辉石		1.957		0.014		0.085		-		0.343		0.009		0.748		0.808		0.026		-	3.995		0.686		42.54		39.40			18.06
	13	单斜辉石		1.921		0.019		0.090		0.001		0.375		0.012		0.732		0.842		0.036		-	4.034		0.661		43.21		37.56			19.22
	14	单斜辉石		1.935		0.023		0.099		0.001		0.380		0.013		0.706		0.803		0.037		-	4.007		0.650		42.50		37.38			20.12
	15	单斜辉石		1.968		0.011		0.045		-		0.744		0.021		0.997		0.201		0.007		-	4.003		0.573		10.37		51.34			38.29
	19	单斜辉石		1.914		0.023		0.093		-		0.380		0.010		0.713		0.851		0.036		-	4.027		0.652		43.78		36.68			19.54
	20	单斜辉石		1.945		0.010		0.043		-		0.769		0.018		0.995		0.227		0.010		-	4.025		0.564		11.39		49.99			38.62
	21	单斜辉石		1.953		0.015		0.074		0.001		0.544		0.017		0.844		0.525		0.023		-	4.003		0.608		27.43		44.12			28.46
剖面 C-D	1	单斜辉石		1.929		0.016		0.081		-		0.399		0.010		0.731		0.818		0.035		-	4.026		0.647		41.99		37.51			20.50
	3	单斜辉石		1.934		0.013		0.061		0.001		0.363		0.011		0.744		0.874		0.034		-	4.037		0.672		44.13		37.55			18.33
	5	斜方辉石		1.978		0.006		0.034		-		0.810		0.019		1.080		0.065		0.003		-	4.003		0.571		3.32		55.25			41.44
	6	单斜辉石		1.958		0.012		0.058		-		0.686		0.019		0.931		0.323		0.015		0.001	4.007 5		0.576		16.67		48.00			35.33
剖面 E-F	1	单斜辉石		1.936		0.014		0.067		0.001		0.434		0.013		0.776		0.750		0.029		-	4.025		0.642		38.28		39.60			22.12
	2	斜方辉石		1.972		0.007		0.029		-		0.855		0.021		1.075		0.038		-		-	4.005		0.557		1.93		54.63			43.45
	4	单斜辉石		1.921		0.017		0.089		0.001		0.409		0.011		0.739		0.803		0.038		0.001	4.033		0.644		41.15		37.88			20.97

图7 测试剖面中斜长石(a)与辉石(b)的组成投图图a中:图例1和2数据测试点均取自剖面A-B中的同一斜长石,前者位于该斜长石的边缘,而后者位于该斜长石的核部;图例3数据测试点取自剖面C-D中的斜长石。图b中:图例4至图例8均为取自剖面A-B中的单斜辉石矿物组成。其中,图例4和7取自同一矿物,图例5、6和8取自另一矿物;图例7和8分别表示各自单斜辉石与钛铁氧化物接触处的测试点数据;图例6表示靠近包裹于单斜辉石中的钛铁氧化物(图6中界线A1和A2)的测试点数据。图例9和10分别为来自剖面C-D中的单斜辉石和斜方辉石矿物组成。图例11和12分别为来自剖面E-F中的单斜辉石和斜方辉石矿物组成。

Fig.7 Discrimination diagram for (a) plagioclase and (b) pyroxene (including both Cpx and Opx)

图8 洋中脊玄武质熔体分异产物比例以及剩余熔体化学成分变化(据文献[26,29]修改) 图中以虚线标示出钛铁氧化物形成时的温度及残余熔体Mg#。Pl—斜长石;Ol—橄榄石;Cpx—单斜辉石;Ap—磷灰石。

Fig.8 Proportions of MORB melt evolution productions,and compositional variation of residual melt. Modified from [26,29].

图9 上地幔最大含水量(饱和值)(据文献[43,46]) 上地幔水饱和值(黑线)为Bolfan-Casanova[43]根据公开发表的1 000~1 100 ℃水溶解度资料,按照文献[47]的实际矿物比例计算所得。计算采用数据包括San Calros橄榄石[48](乘以3.5,据文献[49])、MgSiO3斜方辉石[50]和Dora Maira镁铝榴石[51]数据。Doar Maira镁铝榴石被认为接近于地幔镁铝榴石,因此其数据优于Withers等[52]的合成镁铝榴石数据。单斜辉石的水溶解度设为斜方辉石的两倍。410 km表示地震波速发生显著变化的不连续面深度[47],该不连续面也被认为是地幔中水的主要富集区[46];85 km表示石榴石稳定区顶界深度[53]。

Fig.9 Maximum water content (saturation value) of the upper mantle. Adapted from [43,46].

图10 外来含水流体参与岩性单元Ⅳ氧化物辉长岩形成过程模式简图图a给出了旋回1和旋回2侵入体与围岩间可能的关系(据文献[8])。图中以箭头标示出外来含水混合体可能的运移方向。由于混合体可能与形成辉长岩的熔体并非来自同一源区,因此,其不仅可能由钻孔下部垂向运移至岩心剖面中,而且可能远距离横向运移至剖面中。图b中箭头反映外来混合体在岩性单元Ⅳ中由下向上运移过程。图例1、2和3分别表示旋回1及旋回2中的橄榄石、单斜辉石和斜长石;图例4、5和6分别表示受流体成分改造的橄榄石、单斜辉石和斜长石;图例7和8分别表示在外来混合体加入后新形成的单斜辉石和斜长石;图例9表示钛铁氧化物。

Fig.10 Simplified conceptual diagrams showing the contribution of exotic liquid mixtures to the formation of oxide gabbros in Unit Ⅳ

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