Geochemical characteristics and metallogenic potential analysis of porphyry copper deposits in Pakistan

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.10.45

Abstract

Abstract:

The paper utilizes the geochemical data of stream sediments based on the national-scale (1∶1000000) geochemical mapping project in the outcrop area across Pakistan for the first time. This study aims to determine the geochemical background of copper in the study area, as well as the regional geochemical characteristics and geochemical anomalies associated with large porphyry copper deposits in Pakistan. The geochemical features of the main stratigraphic units and magmatic rocks within this region were examined. The average copper concentration in the outcrop areas of Pakistan is 23.48×10^-6, with a background value of 18.6×10^-6. This is comparable to the copper abundance found in northwest regions of China and the Tibetan Plateau. The magmatic rocks related to mineralization in porphyry systems are mainly Cenozoic and Mesozoic acid magmatic rocks, with average copper concentrations of 39.09×10^-6 and 28.28×10^-6, respectively, indicating that copper-rich porphyries are the main source of material. A modeling analysis of the elemental association of Cu, Au, Mo, Ag, Pb, Zn, Co and Cr has been conducted based on the national-scale geochemical data, indicating that the national-scale geochemical anomalies serve as indicators of large and super-large porphyry copper deposits. Based on the theory of geochemical block, the Pfd (Prospecting Favoralble Degress) and Qm (Quality of Mineral) were calculated and sorted by applying the principle and technical innovation of mineral resource potential prediction. On the basis of the geochemical model of typical porphyry copper deposits, with Cu, Mo, Au, Ag as primary indicator elements, and Pb, Zn, Co, Cr as secondary reference indicator elements, combined with the geological background, four prediction areas for porphyry copper deposits were identified. Furthermore, an analysis of the metallogenic potential of these identified prospecting areas was conducted.

Key words: geochemical anomaly of copper, geochemical characteristics, metallogenic potential analysis, geochemical model of porphyry copper deposits

CLC Number:

P632
P618.41

ZHANG Jing, LI Tianhu, WANG Zhihua, Naghmah HAIDER, HONG Jun, ZHANG Huishan, LIANG Nan. Geochemical characteristics and metallogenic potential analysis of porphyry copper deposits in Pakistan[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2025, 32(1): 91-104.

Figures/Tables 16

References 36

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图例编号	面积/km²	样品数	平均值/10^-6	最小值/10^-6	最大值/10^-6	标准离差/10^-6
1	461 958	1 068	21.6	1.4	144.6	654.3
2	167 238	1 212	20.4	3.1	146.3	186.0
3	23 903	324	18.1	2.2	66.0	246.9
4	16 517	144	36.3	17.6	74.6	110.7
5	7 213	90	48.4	14.5	83.6	462.4
6	25 197	282	34.7	11.2	74.0	139.2
7	40 006	394	10.9	1.4	41.0	127.2
8	41 939	602	29.8	2.6	97.2	581.3
9	7 680	88	29.9	6.2	135.8	809.0
10	70 297	628	22.8	1.0	90.7	636.7
11	6 797	58	15.8	7.0	41.6	65.6
12	33 015	218	24.4	5.5	119.0	336.7

图例编号	面积/km²	样品数	平均值/10^-6	最小值/10^-6	最大值/10^-6	标准离差/10^-6
1	461 958	1 068	21.6	1.4	144.6	654.3
2	167 238	1 212	20.4	3.1	146.3	186.0
3	23 903	324	18.1	2.2	66.0	246.9
4	16 517	144	36.3	17.6	74.6	110.7
5	7 213	90	48.4	14.5	83.6	462.4
6	25 197	282	34.7	11.2	74.0	139.2
7	40 006	394	10.9	1.4	41.0	127.2
8	41 939	602	29.8	2.6	97.2	581.3
9	7 680	88	29.9	6.2	135.8	809.0
10	70 297	628	22.8	1.0	90.7	636.7
11	6 797	58	15.8	7.0	41.6	65.6
12	33 015	218	24.4	5.5	119.0	336.7

地质体	面积/km²	样品数	平均值/10^-6	最小值/10^-6	最大值/10^-6	标准离差/10^-6
新生代酸性岩	6 425	26	39.09	21.15	58.0	107.0
中生代基性岩	16 159	105	34.11	9.95	74.2	150.9
蛇绿岩	9 572	69	32.78	8.61	144.6	2 345.0
前寒武纪地层、岩石	55 017	53	28.37	5.49	59.1	133.0
中生代酸性岩	63 543	216	28.28	3.03	119.0	275.9
古近系—新近系	244 646	1 014	26.92	1.44	84.6	264.1
中生界	88 972	485	25.11	1.99	135.8	559.8
第四系	432 543	409	23.73	2.38	146.3	424.1
古生界	42 214	125	22.35	1.01	90.7	168.0
前寒武纪酸性岩	4 249	24	19.33	7.45	35.9	72.5
古生代酸性岩	3 573	28	15.49	5.45	36.8	77.6

地质体	面积/km²	样品数	平均值/10^-6	最小值/10^-6	最大值/10^-6	标准离差/10^-6
新生代酸性岩	6 425	26	39.09	21.15	58.0	107.0
中生代基性岩	16 159	105	34.11	9.95	74.2	150.9
蛇绿岩	9 572	69	32.78	8.61	144.6	2 345.0
前寒武纪地层、岩石	55 017	53	28.37	5.49	59.1	133.0
中生代酸性岩	63 543	216	28.28	3.03	119.0	275.9
古近系—新近系	244 646	1 014	26.92	1.44	84.6	264.1
中生界	88 972	485	25.11	1.99	135.8	559.8
第四系	432 543	409	23.73	2.38	146.3	424.1
古生界	42 214	125	22.35	1.01	90.7	168.0
前寒武纪酸性岩	4 249	24	19.33	7.45	35.9	72.5
古生代酸性岩	3 573	28	15.49	5.45	36.8	77.6

A_vg及排序		S_ev及排序		P_fd及排序		Q_m及排序
异常编号	A_vp-Cu	异常编号	S_ev-Cu	异常编号	P_fd-Cu	异常编号	Q_m-Cu
Cu12	60.44	Cu08	700.83	Cu08	945.81	Cu05	4 938 214
Cu05	59.21	Cu10	503.69	Cu10	693.76	Cu01	4 205 105
Cu01	57.19	Cu13	484.14	Cu13	682.09	Cu08	3 417 978
Cu13	54.81	Cu09	411.07	Cu05	570.11	Cu13	2 702 566
Cu07	54.60	Cu05	374.56	Cu09	506.65	Cu09	2 102 333
Cu10	53.58	Cu01	273.42	Cu01	401.97	Cu04	2 060 088
Cu08	52.50	Cu07	199.91	Cu07	280.58	Cu07	1 627 584
Cu03	49.42	Cu04	150.51	Cu04	187.06	Cu10	1 200 251
Cu04	48.35	Cu12	95.31	Cu12	148.09	Cu03	606 191
Cu11	48.30	Cu03	90.36	Cu03	114.80	Cu11	190 149
Cu09	47.94	Cu02	76.47	Cu02	86.13	Cu12	74 939
Cu02	43.81	Cu11	62.18	Cu11	77.21	Cu02	30 753
Cu06	43.64	Cu06	10.30	Cu06	11.55	Cu06	10 332