Tectono-sedimentary characteristics and formation mechanism of the Lishu rift depression, Songliao Basin

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.10.23

Abstract

Abstract:

The Lishu rift depression is a typical wedge-shaped rift lake basin in the Songliao Basin with complex tectono-sedimentary features. This paper, based on tectono-sedimentary analysis using large amounts of 3-D seismic and drilling data, reveals the tectono-sedimentary characteristics and evolution, main controlling factors and formation mechanism of the rift depression. The results provide, on the one hand, a geological basis for the reservoir prediction in this area, and on the other hand, a practical reference for the relevant, in-depth studies of other rift depressions in the Songliao Basin. The Lishu rift depression experienced three sub-rift phases under left-handed tensile stress and multi-extrusion tectonic activities in the Early Cretaceous. It evolved from a small rift sag with few small, steep secondary rifts in the early rift stage, to a lacustrine basin with wedge-shaped half graben, bound by the Sangshutai fault along its western side, in the intense rifting phase, then to the shallow lake basin in the late rifting phase. Each of the sub-rift phases exhibited varied basin configuration and palaeo-geomorphological features. In the early rifting phase, both surface uplifting and fault-block tilting occurred, resulting in various types of unconformities. In the intense rifting phase, angular conformities were more developed due to fault-block rotation and tilting. While in the late-rifting phase paraconformities dominated, reflecting regional uplifting and subsidence. During basin evolution, sedimentary systems in the basin transitioned from lake delta to braided river systems. The sequence stratigraphic framework of the intense-rifting phase was characterized by upward “gradual shrinking of low system tracts (LST) and continuing expansion of high system tracts (HST)”; whilst late-rifting sequence featured transverse continuous sediment deposition and longitudinal alluvial accumulation.

Key words: Lishu rift depression, tectono-sedimentology, basin configuraiton, unconformity, sedimentary filling, sequence stratigraphic framework, control factors

CLC Number:

P542
P512.2

WANG Hongyu, LI Ruilei, ZHU Jianfeng, ZHANG Haoyu. Tectono-sedimentary characteristics and formation mechanism of the Lishu rift depression, Songliao Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2023, 30(4): 112-127.

Figures/Tables 15

Fig.1 Geographic location of and distribution of rift depressions in the Songliao Basin, and location, tectonic units and stratigraphic features of the Lishu rift depression

Fig.2 Stratigraphic column of the study area (age constrains for Cretaceous adapted from [7⇓-9])

Fig.3 Cross-sections along transect A-A' showing the structural evolution of the Lishu faulted-depression (transect location see Fig.1)

Fig.4 Fault and unconformity features on seismic section along transect B-B' (transect location see Fig.1)

Fig.5 Major faults through geologic time and corresponding maximum sedimentation rates in the Huoshiling (K1h), Shahezi (K1sh), Yingcheng (K1y), Denglouku (K1d) and Quantou (K1q) Formations in different fault systems in the study area. A. Sangshutai fault; B. Qindong fault; C. Jingang fault.

Fig.6 Unconformity features shown on seismic profiles and the interpreted unconformity types

Fig.7 Unconformity distributions at four key seismic reflection interfaces (T42, T41, T4 and T3).

Fig.8 Seismic facies of the Huoshiling Formation in the Jingang and Qin Jiatun rift sub-sag (transect M-N location see Fig.7)

Fig.9 Isopach maps of the Huoshiling (A), Shahezi (B), Yingcheng (C) and Denglouku (D) Formations showing distribution of major faults.

Fig.10 Lithofacies assemblage, well log response, and sedimentary facies characteristics in the study area (well locations see Fig.1)

Fig.11 (A) Seismic profile along transect C-C' and (B) interpreted stratigraphic profile showing depositional infilling of original strata before tectonic movement in the Huoshiling Formation (profile location see Fig.1)

Fig.12 (A) Seismic profile along transect D-D' and (B) interpreted stratigraphic profile showing depositional facies in the intense-rifting phase in the Shahezi and Yigncheng Formations (profile location see Fig.1)

Fig.13 (A) Seismic profile along transect D-D' (same as in Fig.12A) and (B) interpreted stratigraphic profile showing depositional facies in the intense-rifting phase in the Denglouku Formation

Fig.14 Basin configuration and palaeogeomorphologic characteristics at different phase of rifting during basin evolution

Fig.15 A geological model of basin structural evolution and sedimentary filling process

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