A Meta-analysis of the distribution characteristics and ecological risk of heavy metals in mining areas

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.9.9

Abstract

Abstract:

In this study, we perform a meta-analysis to investigate the distribution characteristics of heavy metals in soils in mining areas, in different regions and of different mining types in China, using 2002-2022 relevant soil data from CNKI, Wanfang, and Web of Science databases. In addition, geo-accumulation index and potential ecological risk index were used to assess the ecological risk of heavy metals in soils around mining areas. The Meta-analysis findings revealed that the concentrations of Cd, Hg, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Ni, and Cr in soils around mining areas in China increased by 820.7%, 309.6%, 158.6%, 158.6%, 146.0%, 103.4%, 24.6%, and 15%, respectively, compared to the corresponding background values, among which Cd and Hg showed the greatest increases. Region wise, the central south and southwest of China were greatly impacted by mining and showed increases of 285.7% and 180.1%, respectively. Nationwide, Cd, Hg, Zn, Pb, and Cu increased the most in the southwest, central south, and east; Cd and As in the north and northeast; and Cd and Hg in the northwest. In terms of mined mineral/material types, heavy metal contamination increased greatly around metal mines such as lead-zinc, polymetallic nudule, copper, gold, mercury, molybdenum, manganese, and tin mines, and non-metal mines such as graphite mines, with increases of 166.4% to 617.1%. Lead-zinc mining led to significant accumulation of Cd, Hg, Pb, and Zn, and gold mining resulted in significant accumulation of As, Hg, and Pb. Copper mining and others such as graphite and pyrite mining all showed significant accumulation of Cd and Cu, except Ni and Cr which showed relatively small accumulation regardless mined mineral/material types. Evaluation results using geo-accumulative index and potential ecological risk index showed that the overall levels of Cd and Hg contamination in soils around mining areas were moderate and slight geo-accumulation, respectively, and a high potential ecological risk level was observed in most soil sites. Therefore, it is necessary to pay more attention to Cd and Hg pollution control and prevention in mining areas.

Key words: soil around mining area, heavy metal, Meta-analysis, soil pollution, risk assessment

CLC Number:

X53
X825

DONG Xin, HU Haoran, ZHANG Xiaoqing, REN Dajun, ZHANG Shuqin. A Meta-analysis of the distribution characteristics and ecological risk of heavy metals in mining areas[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(2): 93-102.

Figures/Tables 10

References 45

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I_geo	分级	污染等级
I_geo<0	I	无污染
0≤I_geo<1	II	轻微污染
2≤I_geo<3	III	轻度污染
2≤I_geo<3	VI	中度污染
3≤I_geo<4	V	偏重污染
4≤I_geo<5	VI	重度污染
I_geo≥5	VII	严重污染

I_geo	分级	污染等级
I_geo<0	I	无污染
0≤I_geo<1	II	轻微污染
2≤I_geo<3	III	轻度污染
2≤I_geo<3	VI	中度污染
3≤I_geo<4	V	偏重污染
4≤I_geo<5	VI	重度污染
I_geo≥5	VII	严重污染

潜在生态风险指数ER	等级	风险等级
ER<40	Ⅰ	低风险
40≤ER<80	Ⅱ	中等风险
80≤ER<160	Ⅲ	高风险
160≤ER<320	Ⅳ	非常高风险
ER≥320	Ⅴ	极高风险

潜在生态风险指数ER	等级	风险等级
ER<40	Ⅰ	低风险
40≤ER<80	Ⅱ	中等风险
80≤ER<160	Ⅲ	高风险
160≤ER<320	Ⅳ	非常高风险
ER≥320	Ⅴ	极高风险

重金属	组数(N)	ES₊	ES₊的95%CI	PI
总体	976	0.97	[0.89,1.05]	163.8%
Cd	148	2.22	[1.91,2.53]	820.7%
Hg	66	1.41	[0.99,1.83]	309.6%
Pb	158	0.95	[0.73,1.16]	158.6%
Cu	149	0.95	[0.80,1.10]	158.6%
Zn	148	0.90	[0.73,1.10]	146.0%
As	97	0.71	[0.45,0.96]	103.4%
Ni	86	0.22	[0.02,1.41]	24.6%
Cr	124	0.14	[0.02,0.25]	15.0%