Parent rock type control on cadmium background in soil and sediment: An example from Guizhou Province

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.11.2

Abstract

Abstract:

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most concerned heavy metal pollutants in soil and sediment, and the accurate determination of its natural background values is of great significance in environmental management. However, due to the inherent concentration variability associated with bedrock types and elemental enrichment/depletion caused by weathering, Cd concentrations in surface soil and sediment vary greatly spatially. In some areas, Cd concentration may exceed the safety standard for agricultural land use (GB 15618-2018) under natural conditions. In this study, Guizhou Province, which has relatively complex bedrock types and high soil Cd variation, was selected as the study area. From the perspective of elemental migration from bedrock to soil, and based on geochemical survey data of the entire province, this study sought to investigate the link between bedrock and Cd concentrations in soil and sediment and develop classification schemes for endmember rock types and regions selected for Cd background measurements. The results showed that lithology was the key factor contributing to soil Cd variation, while limestone (relative to dolomite), basalt, diabase and carbonaceous shale contributed to high Cd background value in soil. Compared with the parent rock type, rock formation age had less influence on Cd background values. Through rigorous statistical analysis, the Cd background value and variance in soil were obtained for soils developed from relatively pure rock material. For soils developed from impure rock materials or from mixed geological units, the Cd background value may be affected by more than one endmember rock types.

Key words: soil, cadmium, geology, high background, heavy metal

CLC Number:

XIA Xueqi, JI Junfeng, YANG Zhongfang, LU Xinzhe, HUANG Chunlei, WEI Yingchun, XU Changyan, LIANG Zhuoying. Parent rock type control on cadmium background in soil and sediment: An example from Guizhou Province[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2022, 29(4): 438-447.

Figures/Tables 13

References 44

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一级岩性类型	面积/km²	二级岩性细分	说明
碎屑沉积岩	35 060	(1)碳质页岩;(2)其他碎屑岩	(1)指含有明显的碳质泥页岩地层
较纯碳酸盐岩	29 572	(1)石灰岩;(2)白云岩;(3)石灰岩和白云岩	(3)云灰岩或灰云岩, 或石灰岩与白云岩的并层
碳酸盐岩与碎屑岩并层	88 196
基性火山岩	3 946		本区主要为玄武岩
基性侵入岩	198		本区主要为辉绿岩
酸性侵入岩	98		本区主要为花岗岩
变质岩	18 797		本区主要为变余砂岩、变余凝灰岩、板岩、千枚岩、片岩。
第四系沉积物	299

一级岩性类型	面积/km²	二级岩性细分	说明
碎屑沉积岩	35 060	(1)碳质页岩;(2)其他碎屑岩	(1)指含有明显的碳质泥页岩地层
较纯碳酸盐岩	29 572	(1)石灰岩;(2)白云岩;(3)石灰岩和白云岩	(3)云灰岩或灰云岩, 或石灰岩与白云岩的并层
碳酸盐岩与碎屑岩并层	88 196
基性火山岩	3 946		本区主要为玄武岩
基性侵入岩	198		本区主要为辉绿岩
酸性侵入岩	98		本区主要为花岗岩
变质岩	18 797		本区主要为变余砂岩、变余凝灰岩、板岩、千枚岩、片岩。
第四系沉积物	299

级别	Cd含量范围/(mg·kg^-1)	面积/(10⁴ km²)	占比/%
高	>1.5	1.66	9.3%
中	>0.3~1.5	7.22	40.6%
低	≤0.3	8.89	50.0%

级别	Cd含量范围/(mg·kg^-1)	面积/(10⁴ km²)	占比/%
高	>1.5	1.66	9.3%
中	>0.3~1.5	7.22	40.6%
低	≤0.3	8.89	50.0%

岩性	Cd含量均值/(mg·kg^-1)	Cd含量背景值区间/(mg·kg^-1)	标准岩组	样本量
礁灰岩	10.24(9.43~11.13)	6.37~16.46	猴子关灰岩	33
石灰岩(除礁灰岩)	1.40(1.24~1.59)	0.25~7.75	马平组	199
白云岩	0.37(0.36~0.37)	0.15~0.93	娄山关组	3 168
碳质页岩	0.86(0.60~1.21)	0.11~6.77	变马冲组	35
碎屑岩(不含碳质页岩)	0.18(0.17~0.19)	0.09~0.38	长安组	494
变质岩	0.22(0.21~0.22)	0.11~0.44	隆里组	529
基性火山岩	0.50(0.48~0.52)	0.10~2.48	峨眉山玄武岩组	1 110
基性侵入岩	0.89(0.63~1.25)	0.14~5.55	二叠纪辉绿岩	29
酸性侵入岩	0.15(0.13~0.17)	0.08~0.27	中元古代摩天岭超单元吉羊单元花岗岩	22