Earth Science Frontiers ›› 2026, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (1): 50-62.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.10.14

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Exploring the spatio-temporal evolution and driving mechanisms of vegetation net primary productivity in the Ziya River Basin

ZHANG Yongcheng1,2,3(), CHEN Kang1,2,3,*(), GUI Yingjia1,2,3, ZHANG Xiaochen1,2,3   

  1. 1. Hebei Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources and Optimization of Industrial Structure, Shijiazhuang 052161, China
    2. School of Water Resources and Environment, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 052161, China
    3. Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Sustained Utilization and Development of Water Resources, Shijiazhuang 052161, China
  • Received:2025-08-19 Revised:2025-10-12 Online:2026-01-25 Published:2025-11-10

Abstract:

Understanding the spatio-temporal evolution and driving mechanisms of vegetation net primary productivity (NPP) in the Ziya River Basin is crucial for elucidating the regional carbon budget and promoting the sustainable development of its ecological environment. Based on MODIS NPP data from 2001 to 2022, this study comprehensively analyzed the effects of climate, soil, topography, and human activities. We utilized the Theil-Sen median trend analysis, Mann-Kendall significance test, and Hurst exponent method to examine the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of vegetation NPP. Furthermore, the optimal parameters-based geographical detector (OPGD) model was applied to quantitatively assess the impact of various factors and their interactions on vegetation NPP dynamics. The results showed that: (1) During the study period, the annual mean NPP in the basin fluctuated between 224.86 and 371.21 gC·m-2·a-1, exhibiting a significant increasing trend with a rate of 4.53 gC·m-2·a-1. (2) Spatially, areas with an annual average NPP higher than 400 gC·m-2·a-1 were primarily concentrated in the western mountainous regions, whereas areas with NPP lower than 300 gC·m-2·a-1 were mainly distributed in the eastern plains. (3) Over the study period, the changes in annual NPP were predominantly characterized by extremely significant and significant increases, accounting for 67.21% and 18.25% of the total area, respectively. In contrast, only 2.03% of the area showed a decreasing trend, which was sporadically distributed around urban districts and was associated with accelerated urbanization. Predictions based on the Hurst index suggest that future vegetation NPP changes are likely to be predominantly opposite to the past trend, with 88.30% of the area expected to experience a reversal from the previous increasing trajectory. (4) Soil temperature, air temperature, elevation, and potential evapotranspiration were identified as the primary factors influencing vegetation NPP. The interactions between these factors exhibited synergistic effects, yielding a greater explanatory power for the variation in vegetation NPP than any single factor alone. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the characteristics and driving mechanisms of vegetation NPP in the Ziya River Basin and provide a scientific basis for regional carbon sequestration, emission reduction, and ecological conservation efforts.

Key words: net primary productivity (NPP), spatio-temporal evolution, geographical detector model, Ziya River Basin

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