Stress sensitivity characteristics of deep carbonate fractured porous media

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.2.27

Abstract

Abstract:

The deep, vuggy, fractured porous carbonate reservoirs have three main characteristics, namely complex burial environment, rock-fluid interaction and storage space, which hinders the effective reservoir utilization and development. In order to reveal the stress sensitivity characteristics of this reservoir type under high temperature, pressure and stress conditions, several porous media models with different fracture development, fracture roughness and pore/filling type were constructed using an improved test method for stress sensitivity evaluation; the impacts of different porosity development characteristics on the stress sensitivity of carbonate fractured porous media with vuggy porosity were investigated in depth. Study results show that (1) the effect of stress sensitivity hysteresis generally exists at depth in the studied media, and the measured absolute permeability in the pore-pressure recovery stage is always smaller than in the pressure reduction stage. (2) There is a good positive correlation between the maximum and irreversible permeability-loss ratios for the studied media with similar porosity development characteristics. (3) The stress sensitivity performance of the studied media with different filling types is consistent with that of porous media, with small permeablity-loss ratios for both pore-pressure reduction and recovery stages. (4) Fractures are the main structural control factor affecting the stress sensitivity of the studied media, and the stress sensitivity performance of fractured media is significantly stronger compared to vuggy media. (5) With the increase of fractures and complexity of media morphology, the stress sensitivity of the studied media decreases significantly, while the presence of dissolved vugs and caves causes further reduction in stress sensitivity. This study clarifies the stress sensitivity characteristics and major differences between carbonate vuggy fractured porous media with different porosity developmental characteristics at depth, and provides a theoretical basis for reservoir development decision making.

Key words: deep formations, carbonate rocks, fractured-vuggy media, development characteristics, stress sensitivity

CLC Number:

TE311

SUN Ke, LIU Huiqing, WANG Jing, LIU Renjie, FENG Yabin, KANG Zhijiang, ZHANG Yun. Stress sensitivity characteristics of deep carbonate fractured porous media[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2023, 30(6): 351-364.

Figures/Tables 15

References 43

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样品编号	长度/ cm	直径/ cm	体积/ cm³	干质量/g	颗粒体积/cm³	孔隙体积/cm³	孔隙度/ %	颗粒密度/ (g·cm^-3)	密度/ (g·cm^-3)	气测渗透率/mD
TS-1	5.035	2.522	25.152	70.027	24.79	0.362	1.44	2.82	2.78	0.006
TS-2	5.025	2.522	25.102	69.147	24.476	0.626	2.50	2.83	2.75	0.015
TS-3	5.031	2.522	25.132	69.699	24.598	0.534	2.13	2.83	2.77	0.014
TS-4	5.025	2.522	25.102	69.491	24.628	0.474	1.89	2.82	2.77	0.005
TS-5	5.041	2.523	25.202	69.677	24.792	0.410	1.63	2.81	2.76	0.005
TS-6	5.057	2.523	25.282	70.102	24.856	0.426	1.69	2.82	2.77	0.011
TS-7	5.069	2.522	25.322	70.188	24.823	0.499	1.97	2.83	2.77	0.009
TS-8	5.073	2.523	25.362	69.971	24.826	0.536	2.11	2.82	2.76	0.010

样品编号	长度/ cm	直径/ cm	体积/ cm³	干质量/g	颗粒体积/cm³	孔隙体积/cm³	孔隙度/ %	颗粒密度/ (g·cm^-3)	密度/ (g·cm^-3)	气测渗透率/mD
TS-1	5.035	2.522	25.152	70.027	24.79	0.362	1.44	2.82	2.78	0.006
TS-2	5.025	2.522	25.102	69.147	24.476	0.626	2.50	2.83	2.75	0.015
TS-3	5.031	2.522	25.132	69.699	24.598	0.534	2.13	2.83	2.77	0.014
TS-4	5.025	2.522	25.102	69.491	24.628	0.474	1.89	2.82	2.77	0.005
TS-5	5.041	2.523	25.202	69.677	24.792	0.410	1.63	2.81	2.76	0.005
TS-6	5.057	2.523	25.282	70.102	24.856	0.426	1.69	2.82	2.77	0.011
TS-7	5.069	2.522	25.322	70.188	24.823	0.499	1.97	2.83	2.77	0.009
TS-8	5.073	2.523	25.362	69.971	24.826	0.536	2.11	2.82	2.76	0.010

项目	样品编号	渗透率/ mD	孔隙度/ %		最大孔喉半径/ μm		平均孔喉半径/ μm		孔喉半径中值/ μm		孔喉分布峰位/ μm		孔喉分布峰值/ %		渗透率分布峰位/μm		渗透率分布峰值/%		分选系数		歪度
测定数值	TS-M-1	0.004 6	0.92		0.358		0.103		0.029		0.25		11.994		0.25		64.284		2.379		-0.041
	TS-M-2	0.018 1	1.74		0.539		0.147		0.069		0.16		12.350		0.40		38.838		2.550		0.283
	TS-M-3	0.013 4	1.81		0.538		0.128		0.052		0.10		11.556		0.40		42.445		2.476		0.189
项目	样品编号	峰态		半径均值/ μm		结构系数		相对分选系数		特征结构系数		均质系数		最大进汞饱和度/%		最终剩余汞饱和度/%		退汞效率/%		排驱压力/ MPa
测定数值	TS-M-1	0.511		0.081		2.660		29.524		0.013		0.289		70.346		55.827		20.640		2.054
	TS-M-2	0.534		0.117		2.589		21.815		0.018		0.273		76.447		65.247		14.652		1.365
	TS-M-3	0.522		0.096		2.758		25.884		0.014		0.237		74.691		65.600		12.171		1.365

项目	样品编号	渗透率/ mD	孔隙度/ %		最大孔喉半径/ μm		平均孔喉半径/ μm		孔喉半径中值/ μm		孔喉分布峰位/ μm		孔喉分布峰值/ %		渗透率分布峰位/μm		渗透率分布峰值/%		分选系数		歪度
测定数值	TS-M-1	0.004 6	0.92		0.358		0.103		0.029		0.25		11.994		0.25		64.284		2.379		-0.041
	TS-M-2	0.018 1	1.74		0.539		0.147		0.069		0.16		12.350		0.40		38.838		2.550		0.283
	TS-M-3	0.013 4	1.81		0.538		0.128		0.052		0.10		11.556		0.40		42.445		2.476		0.189
项目	样品编号	峰态		半径均值/ μm		结构系数		相对分选系数		特征结构系数		均质系数		最大进汞饱和度/%		最终剩余汞饱和度/%		退汞效率/%		排驱压力/ MPa
测定数值	TS-M-1	0.511		0.081		2.660		29.524		0.013		0.289		70.346		55.827		20.640		2.054
	TS-M-2	0.534		0.117		2.589		21.815		0.018		0.273		76.447		65.247		14.652		1.365
	TS-M-3	0.522		0.096		2.758		25.884		0.014		0.237		74.691		65.600		12.171		1.365

碳酸盐岩缝洞介质类型		K_Dmin	K_Dmax	D_stmax/%	D_stirr/%	D_R,_K/ (%·MPa^-1)	R_R,_K/ (%·MPa^-1)
不同裂缝发育程度介质	单条裂缝型	0.10	0.26	89.87	73.67	3.53	1.66
	平行双缝型	0.23	0.53	77.24	47.04	2.47	1.46
	垂直双缝型	0.29	0.80	71.44	19.80	2.13	1.78
	裂缝网络型	0.47	0.93	52.73	7.12	1.11	1.23
不同裂缝粗糙度介质	光滑裂缝型	0.06	0.14	94.41	85.98	4.16	1.67
不同裂缝粗糙度介质	粗糙裂缝型	0.58	0.68	42.20	31.74	1.02	0.33
不同类型孔洞介质	裂缝孔洞型	0.20	0.75	79.78	24.72	2.68	2.12
不同类型孔洞介质	溶蚀通洞型	0.92	0.99	7.81	0.74	0.16	0.15
不同类型充填介质	充填单缝型	0.78	0.90	21.57	9.78	0.47	0.27
	充填孔洞型	0.89	0.96	10.82	4.21	0.23	0.14
	充填通洞型	0.96	0.98	4.12	1.96	0.08	0.04