Earth Science Frontiers ›› 2021, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (2): 412-425.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.6.37
Previous Articles Next Articles
REN Jiangbo(), DENG Yinan, LAI Peixin, HE Gaowen(), WANG Fenlian, YAO Huiqiang, DENG Xiguang, LIU Yonggang
Received:
2019-04-15
Revised:
2019-09-18
Online:
2021-03-25
Published:
2021-04-03
Contact:
HE Gaowen
CLC Number:
REN Jiangbo, DENG Yinan, LAI Peixin, HE Gaowen, WANG Fenlian, YAO Huiqiang, DENG Xiguang, LIU Yonggang. Geochemical characteristics and genesis of the polymetallic nodules in the Pacific survey area[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2021, 28(2): 412-425.
Fig.1 Locations of survey stations for polymetallic nodules and Co-rich crusts in the two study areas and the greater Pacific Ocean. Adapted from [5, 8-9, 15-25].
样品 | 组分含量/% | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
δ-MnO2 | 钡镁锰矿 | 水钠锰矿 | 石英 | 斜长石 | 正长石 | 钙十字沸石 | |
东太结核均值 | 52.1 | 27.0 | 0.6 | 3.1 | 4.9 | 12.4 | |
WBC1404-2 | 49.3 | 27.2 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 17.9 | ||
WBC1419 | 41.2 | 35.6 | 1.1 | 3.5 | 16.4 | 2.3 | |
WBC1423 | 61.4 | 24.4 | 0.8 | 2.5 | 3.5 | 7.4 | |
PRZ1304-BC16 | 30.9 | 16.8 | 5.5 | 2.3 | 44.5 | ||
西太结核均值 | 59.0 | 8.3 | 9.4 | 6.5 | 1.1 | 12.0 | |
MABC09 | 81.2 | 5.8 | 8.9 | 4.1 | |||
MABC17 | 79.8 | 5.5 | 12.1 | 2.6 | |||
MABD01 | 38.5 | 33.2 | 7.3 | 8.7 | 12.3 | ||
NBMC01 | 45.3 | 15.5 | 14.8 | 20.9 | 3.5 |
Table 1 XRD diffraction results for the polymetallic nodules
样品 | 组分含量/% | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
δ-MnO2 | 钡镁锰矿 | 水钠锰矿 | 石英 | 斜长石 | 正长石 | 钙十字沸石 | |
东太结核均值 | 52.1 | 27.0 | 0.6 | 3.1 | 4.9 | 12.4 | |
WBC1404-2 | 49.3 | 27.2 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 17.9 | ||
WBC1419 | 41.2 | 35.6 | 1.1 | 3.5 | 16.4 | 2.3 | |
WBC1423 | 61.4 | 24.4 | 0.8 | 2.5 | 3.5 | 7.4 | |
PRZ1304-BC16 | 30.9 | 16.8 | 5.5 | 2.3 | 44.5 | ||
西太结核均值 | 59.0 | 8.3 | 9.4 | 6.5 | 1.1 | 12.0 | |
MABC09 | 81.2 | 5.8 | 8.9 | 4.1 | |||
MABC17 | 79.8 | 5.5 | 12.1 | 2.6 | |||
MABD01 | 38.5 | 33.2 | 7.3 | 8.7 | 12.3 | ||
NBMC01 | 45.3 | 15.5 | 14.8 | 20.9 | 3.5 |
样品 | 参数值 类型 | wB/% | wB/10-6 | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Al2O3 | SiO2 | P2O5 | CaO | TiO2 | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Ce | ∑REY | δCe | Y/Ho | |||
东太 结核 | 最小值 | 3.30 | 12.68 | 0.30 | 2.08 | 0.49 | 16.78 | 4.41 | 0.16 | 0.32 | 0.20 | 217 | 587 | 0.96 | 14.1 | |
平均值 | 5.41 | 15.48 | 0.56 | 2.62 | 1.27 | 25.00 | 10.30 | 0.29 | 1.07 | 0.79 | 588 | 1 164 | 1.55 | 17.3 | ||
最大值 | 6.96 | 19.47 | 1.00 | 3.46 | 2.42 | 32.57 | 19.09 | 0.49 | 1.51 | 1.61 | 1 368 | 2 050 | 3.17 | 21.5 | ||
西太 结核 | 最小值 | 3.99 | 15.23 | 0.56 | 2.03 | 1.37 | 15.02 | 11.80 | 0.31 | 0.25 | 0.18 | 626 | 1 016 | 2.28 | 16.6 | |
平均值 | 6.23 | 18.48 | 0.71 | 2.60 | 2.13 | 18.01 | 17.01 | 0.45 | 0.42 | 0.26 | 1 140 | 1 751 | 2.88 | 18.6 | ||
最大值 | 9.41 | 29.02 | 1.50 | 3.52 | 2.67 | 23.2 | 21.05 | 0.55 | 0.79 | 0.59 | 1 556 | 2 393 | 3.44 | 20.9 | ||
西太 结壳 | 最小值 | 0.73 | 1.94 | 0.96 | 3.10 | 1.28 | 17.22 | 9.41 | 0.23 | 0.22 | 0.05 | 829 | 1 583 | 1.31 | 18.4 | |
平均值 | 1.92 | 7.87 | 5.85 | 11.06 | 1.62 | 23.11 | 12.89 | 0.47 | 0.46 | 0.12 | 1 297 | 2 392 | 2.37 | 29.4 | ||
最大值 | 4.81 | 15.27 | 14.34 | 23.92 | 2.2 | 27.72 | 16.95 | 0.72 | 0.64 | 0.30 | 2 001 | 3 141 | 3.21 | 52.6 |
Table 2 Comparison of the main geochemical characteristics of the polymetallic nodules and Co-rich crust
样品 | 参数值 类型 | wB/% | wB/10-6 | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Al2O3 | SiO2 | P2O5 | CaO | TiO2 | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Ce | ∑REY | δCe | Y/Ho | |||
东太 结核 | 最小值 | 3.30 | 12.68 | 0.30 | 2.08 | 0.49 | 16.78 | 4.41 | 0.16 | 0.32 | 0.20 | 217 | 587 | 0.96 | 14.1 | |
平均值 | 5.41 | 15.48 | 0.56 | 2.62 | 1.27 | 25.00 | 10.30 | 0.29 | 1.07 | 0.79 | 588 | 1 164 | 1.55 | 17.3 | ||
最大值 | 6.96 | 19.47 | 1.00 | 3.46 | 2.42 | 32.57 | 19.09 | 0.49 | 1.51 | 1.61 | 1 368 | 2 050 | 3.17 | 21.5 | ||
西太 结核 | 最小值 | 3.99 | 15.23 | 0.56 | 2.03 | 1.37 | 15.02 | 11.80 | 0.31 | 0.25 | 0.18 | 626 | 1 016 | 2.28 | 16.6 | |
平均值 | 6.23 | 18.48 | 0.71 | 2.60 | 2.13 | 18.01 | 17.01 | 0.45 | 0.42 | 0.26 | 1 140 | 1 751 | 2.88 | 18.6 | ||
最大值 | 9.41 | 29.02 | 1.50 | 3.52 | 2.67 | 23.2 | 21.05 | 0.55 | 0.79 | 0.59 | 1 556 | 2 393 | 3.44 | 20.9 | ||
西太 结壳 | 最小值 | 0.73 | 1.94 | 0.96 | 3.10 | 1.28 | 17.22 | 9.41 | 0.23 | 0.22 | 0.05 | 829 | 1 583 | 1.31 | 18.4 | |
平均值 | 1.92 | 7.87 | 5.85 | 11.06 | 1.62 | 23.11 | 12.89 | 0.47 | 0.46 | 0.12 | 1 297 | 2 392 | 2.37 | 29.4 | ||
最大值 | 4.81 | 15.27 | 14.34 | 23.92 | 2.2 | 27.72 | 16.95 | 0.72 | 0.64 | 0.30 | 2 001 | 3 141 | 3.21 | 52.6 |
[1] |
HEIN J R, SCHWAB W C, DAVIS A. Cobalt-and platinum-rich ferromanganese crusts and associated substrate rocks from the Marshall Islands[J]. Marine Geology, 1988,78(3/4):255-283.
DOI URL |
[2] |
HALBACH P, HEBISCH U, SCHERHAG C. Geochemical variations of ferromanganese nodules and crusts from different provinces of the Pacific-Ocean and their genetic-control[J]. Chemical Geology, 1981,34(1/2):3-17.
DOI URL |
[3] |
CHEN J C, OWEN R M. The hydrothermal component in ferromanganese nodules from the Southeast Pacific Ocean[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1989,53(6):1299-1305.
DOI URL |
[4] |
BAU M, SCHMIDT K, KOSCHINSKY A, et al. Discriminating between different genetic types of marine ferro-manganese crusts and nodules based on rare earth elements and yttrium[J]. Chemical Geology, 2014,381:1-9.
DOI URL |
[5] | 韩杰, 武光海, 叶瑛, 等. 铁锰结壳中底层洋流活动的地球化学研究[J]. 矿床地质, 2006,25(5):620-628. |
[6] | 薛婷, 孙晓明, 张美, 等. 西太平洋海山富钴结壳稀土元素(REE)组成原位LA-ICP-MS测定[J]. 岩石学报, 2008,24(10):2423-2432. |
[7] |
KUHN T, BAU M, BLUM N, et al. Origin of negative Ce anomalies in mixed hydrothermal-hydrogenetic Fe-Mn crusts from the Central Indian Ridge[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1998,163(1):207-220.
DOI URL |
[8] | 任向文, 石学法, 朱爱美, 等. 麦哲伦海山群富钴结壳铈富集的控制因素[J]. 中国稀土学报, 2010,28(4):489-494. |
[9] | 陈天宇, 凌洪飞, 胡镕. 中北太平洋深海Nd同位素的分布与传输途径[J]. 科学通报, 2011,56(19):1546-1553. |
[10] |
HORIKAWA K, MARTIN E E, ASAHARA Y, et al. Limits on conservative behavior of Nd isotopes in seawater assessed from analysis of fish teeth from Pacific core tops[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2011,310(1/2):119-130.
DOI URL |
[11] | 张富元, 章伟艳, 朱克超, 等. 太平洋海山钴结壳资源量估算[J]. 地球科学: 中国地质大学学报, 2011,36(1):1-11. |
[12] | 石学法, 任向文, 刘季花. 太平洋海山成矿系统与成矿作用过程[J]. 地学前缘, 2009,16(6):55-65. |
[13] |
KOPPERS A A P, STAUDIGEL H. Asynchronous bends in Pacific seamount trails: a case for extensional volcanism?[J]. Science, 2005,307(5711):904-907.
DOI URL |
[14] | KOPPERS A A P, STAUDIGEL H, PRINGLE M S, et al. Short-lived and discontinuous intraplate volcanism in the South Pacific: hot spots or extensional volcanism?[J]. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 2003,4(10):1-49. |
[15] | MÜLLER R D, SDROLIAS M, GAINA C, et al. Age, spreading rates, and spreading asymmetry of the world’s ocean crust[J]. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 2008,9(4):1-42. |
[16] |
HEIN J R, CONRAD T, FRANK M, et al. Copper-nickel-rich, amalgamated ferromanganese crust-nodule deposits from Shatsky Rise, NW Pacific[J]. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 2012,13(10):1-23.
DOI URL |
[17] |
TAKAHASHI Y, MANCEAU A, GEOFFROY N, et al. Chemical and structural control of the partitioning of Co, Ce, and Pb in marine ferromanganese oxides[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2007,71(4):984-1008.
DOI URL |
[18] | 符亚洲, 彭建堂, 屈文俊, 等. 中太平洋富钴结壳剖面的锇同位素组成[J]. 科学通报, 2005,50(15):1654-1659. |
[19] | 胡镕, 陈天宇, 凌洪飞. 晚新生代北太平洋西部深水洋流演化: 来自铁锰结壳Nd同位素的证据[J]. 科学通报, 2012,57(28/29):2755-2764. |
[20] | 刘季花, 石学法, 黄永样, 等. 东太平洋铁锰结核的Sr-Nd同位素体系及其对成矿环境的指示意义[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2003,23(1):41-48. |
[21] | 武光海, 周怀阳, 张海生, 等. 海山铁锰结壳中反映环境氧化程度的新指标[J]. 中国科学: D辑, 2007,36(12):1098-1110. |
[22] |
APLIN A, MICHARD A, ALBAREDE F. 143Nd/144Nd in Pacific ferromanganese encrustations and nodules[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1986,81(1):7-14.
DOI URL |
[23] |
LING H F, BURTON K W, ONIONS R K, et al. Evolution of Nd and Pb isotopes in Central Pacific seawater from ferromanganese crusts[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1997,146(1/2):1-12.
DOI URL |
[24] |
ALBAREDE F, SIMONETTI A, VERVOORT J D, et al. A Hf-Nd isotopic correlation in ferromanganese nodules[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 1998,25(20):3895-3898.
DOI URL |
[25] |
GOLDSTEIN S L, ONIONS R K. Nd and Sr isotopic relationships in pelagic clays and ferromanganese deposits[J]. Nature, 1981,292(5821):324-327.
DOI URL |
[26] | 马维林, 杨克红, 包更生, 等. 中太平洋海山富钴结壳成矿的空间分布规律研究[J]. 海洋学报, 2014,36(7):77-89. |
[27] | 王海峰, 刘永刚, 朱克超. 中太平洋海盆多金属结核分布及其与CC区中国多金属结核开辟区多金属结核特征对比[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2015,35(2):73-79. |
[28] | 任江波, 何高文, 姚会强, 等. 西太平洋海山富钴结壳的稀土和铂族元素特征及其意义[J]. 地球科学, 2016,41(10):1745-1757. |
[29] | 潘家华, 刘淑琴, 罗照华, 等. 太平洋海山磷酸盐的产状、特征及成因意义[J]. 矿床地质, 2007,26(2):195-199. |
[30] |
GROMET L P, DYMER R F, HASKIN L A, et al. The “North American shale composition”: its complication, major and trace element characteristics[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1984,48:2469-2482.
DOI URL |
[31] |
SUN S S, MCDONOUGH W. Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes[J]. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 1989,42(1):313-345.
DOI URL |
[32] | RUDNICK R L, GAO S. Composition of the continental crust[M]. Oxford: Elsevier-Pergamon, 2003: 1-64. |
[33] | 任江波, 邓希光, 邓义楠, 等. 中国富钴结壳合同区海水的稀土特征及其意义[J]. 地球科学, 2018,44(10):3529. |
[34] |
DUBININ A V, RIMSKAYA-KORSAKOVA M. Geochemistry of rare earth elements in bottom sediments of the Brazil Basin, Atlantic Ocean[J]. Lithology and Mineral Resources, 2011,46(1):1-16.
DOI URL |
[35] |
POPPE L J, COMMEAU R F, COMMEAU J A, et al. Ferromanganese micronodules from the surficial sediments of Georges Bank[J]. Journal of Marine Research, 1984,42(2):463-472.
DOI URL |
[36] | 任江波, 姚会强, 朱克超, 等. 稀土元素及钇在东太平洋CC区深海泥中的富集特征及机制[J]. 地学前缘, 2015,22(2):200-211. |
[37] |
BAU M, KOSCHINSKY A. Oxidative scavenging of cerium on hydrous Fe oxide: evidence from the distribution of rare earth elements and yttrium between Fe oxides and Mn oxides in hydrogenetic ferromanganese crusts[J]. Geochemical Journal, 2009,43(1):37-47.
DOI URL |
[38] |
JIANG X J, LIN X H, YAO D, et al. Enrichment mechanisms of rare earth elements in marine hydrogenic ferromanganese crusts[J]. Science China: Earth Sciences, 2011,54(2):197-203.
DOI URL |
[39] |
KOSCHINSKY A, HEIN J R. Uptake of elements from seawater by ferromanganese crusts: solid-phase associations and seawater speciation[J]. Marine Geology, 2003,198(3/4):331-351.
DOI URL |
[40] | 白志民, 王英滨, 姜波, 等. 太平洋富钴结壳中稀土元素的赋存状态[J]. 地学前缘, 2004,11(2):387-392. |
[41] |
ADDY S K. Rare earth element patterns in manganese nodules and micronodules from northwest Atlantic[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1979,43(7):1105-1115.
DOI URL |
[42] |
PIPER D Z. Rare earth elements in ferromanganese nodules and other marine phases[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1974,38(7):1007-1022.
DOI URL |
[43] |
HALBACH P, SEGL M, PUTEANUS D, et al. Co-fluxes and growth-rates in ferromanganese deposits from Central Pacific Seamount Areas[J]. Nature, 1983,304(5928):716-719.
DOI URL |
[44] |
MANHEIM F T, LANEBOSTWICK C M. Cobalt in ferromanganese crusts as a monitor of hydrothermal discharge on the Pacific sea-floor[J]. Nature, 1988,335(6185):59-62.
DOI URL |
[45] |
PUTEANUS D, HALBACH P. Correlation of Co concentration and growth-rate: a method for age-determination of ferromanganese crusts[J]. Chemical Geology, 1988,69(1/2):73-85.
DOI URL |
[46] |
MOFFETT J W. A radiotracer study of cerium and manganese uptake onto suspended particles in Chesapeake Bay[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1994,58(2):695-703.
DOI URL |
[47] |
ALIBO D S, NOZAKI Y. Rare earth elements in seawater: particle association, shale-normalization, and Ce oxidation[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1999,63(3/4):363-372.
DOI URL |
[48] |
DENG Y, REN J, GUO Q, et al. Rare earth element geochemistry characteristics of seawater and porewater from deep sea in western Pacific[J]. Scientific Reports, 2017,7(1):16539.
DOI URL |
[49] |
ZHANG J, NOZAKI Y. Rare earth elements and yttrium in seawater: ICP-MS determinations in the East Caroline, Coral Sea, and South Fiji basins of the western South Pacific Ocean[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1996,60(23):4631-4644.
DOI URL |
[50] | 任江波, 何高文, 姚会强, 等. 磷酸盐化对富钴结壳稀土元素的影响[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2017,37(2):33-43. |
[51] | 任江波, 何高文, 朱克超, 等. 富稀土磷酸盐及其在深海成矿作用中的贡献[J]. 地质学报, 2017,91(6):1312-1325. |
[52] | 岑况, 陈媛. 大陆地壳中元素地球化学分异指数排序模式[J]. 地学前缘, 2011,18(1):52-62. |
[53] |
ALBAREDE F, GOLDSTEIN S L. World map of Nd isotopes in sea-floor ferromanganese Deposits[J]. Geology, 1992,20(8):761-763.
DOI URL |
[54] |
ZIMMERMANN B, PORCELLI D, FRANK M, et al. The hafnium isotope composition of Pacific Ocean water[J]. Geochimca et Cosmochimica Acta, 2009,73(1):91-101.
DOI URL |
[55] |
RAY J S, MAHONEY J J, DUNCAN R A, et al. Chronology and geochemistry of lavas from the Nazca Ridge and Easter Seamount Chain: an ~30 Myr hotspot record[J]. Journal of Petrology, 2012,53(7):1417-1448.
DOI URL |
[56] |
TEJADA M L G, GELDMACHER J, HAUFF F, et al. Geochemistry and age of Shatsky, Hess, and Ojin Rise seamounts: implications for a connection between the Shatsky and Hess Rises[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2016,185:302-327.
DOI URL |
[57] | 任江波, 王嘹亮, 鄢全树, 等. 南海玳瑁海山玄武质火山角砾岩的地球化学特征及其意义[J]. 地球科学: 中国地质大学学报, 2013,38(增刊1):10-20. |
[58] | 王中良, 刘丛强, 徐志方, 等. 河流稀土元素地球化学研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2000,15(5):553-558. |
[59] |
BANNER J L. Radiogenic isotopes: systematics and applications to earth surface processes and chemical stratigraphy[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2004,65(3/4):141-194.
DOI URL |
[60] | 赵葵东, 蒋少涌, 郑新源, 等. 海洋Nd同位素演化及古洋流循环示踪研究[J]. 地学前缘, 2009,16(5):160-171. |
[1] | LIANG Xiaoliang, TAN Wei, MA Lingya, ZHU Jianxi, HE Hongping. Mineral surface reaction constraints on the formation of ion-adsorption rare earth element deposits [J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2022, 29(1): 29-41. |
[2] | HONG Jin,GAN Chengshi,LIU Jie. Prediction of REEs in OIB by major elements based on machine learning [J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2019, 26(4): 45-54. |
[3] | LIU Qingqing,CHI Qinghua,WANG Xueqiu,ZHOU Jian,LIU Hanliang,LIU Dongsheng,GAO Yanfang,ZHAI Daxing. Distribution and influencing factors of rare earth elements in carbonate rocks along three continentalscale transects in eastern China. [J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2018, 25(4): 99-115. |
[4] | GUO Jiangfeng,YAO Duoxi,CHEN Jian,CHEN Ping. Geochemistry of the rare earth elements of coals from the Longtan Formation in Chongqing and its geological implication [J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2016, 23(3): 51-58. |
[5] | YANG Tian, SHU Zhao-Yu, TUN Yi, QIU Shi-Fan, RAO Zhi-Guo, HAN Jiang-Wei. Rare earth elements geochemistry in topsoils from the eastern part of China. [J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2010, 17(3): 233-241. |
[6] | LI Li-Xin, LI Hou-Min, WANG De-Gong, ZHANG Chang-Jing. Trace element and REE geochemistry and its metallogenic significance for CuZn deposits in the Tongbai area, Henan. [J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2009, 16(6): 325-336. |
Viewed | ||||||
Full text |
|
|||||
Abstract |
|
|||||