沉积盆地波动过程分析:研究现状与展望

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.1.30

地学前缘 ›› 2024, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (1): 284-296.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.1.30

• 沉积盆地分析与多种能源勘探 • 上一篇下一篇

沉积盆地波动过程分析:研究现状与展望

金之钧¹^,²^,³(), 陈书平⁴, 张瑞¹^,²^,³

1.北京大学能源研究院, 北京 100871
2.北京大学地球与空间科学学院造山带和地壳演化教育部重点实验室, 北京 100871
3.页岩油气富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室, 北京 102206
4.中国石油大学(北京) 地球科学学院油气资源与探测国家重点实验室, 北京 102249

收稿日期:2024-01-30 修回日期:2024-02-03 出版日期:2024-01-25 发布日期:2024-01-25
作者简介:金之钧(1957—),男,博士,中国科学院院士,主要从事石油地质理论和能源发展战略研究。E-mail: jinzj1957@pku.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42090020);国家自然科学基金项目(42090025);国家自然科学基金项目(42172138);国家自然科学基金项目(42102166)

Fluctuation analysis for sedimentary basins: Review and outlook

JIN Zhijun¹^,²^,³(), CHEN Shuping⁴, ZHANG Rui¹^,²^,³

1. Institute of Energy, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
2. MOE Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
3. State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development, Beijing 102206, China
4. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China

Received:2024-01-30 Revised:2024-02-03 Online:2024-01-25 Published:2024-01-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

沉积盆地的波状运动是板块内部地壳运动的主要表现形式,沉积盆地的形成演化是地球系统中各种波动过程相互叠加的结果。盆地波动过程分析从沉积速率时间序列中分解出有周期规律的波动曲线,获得盆地演化历史的新认识,主要包括控制盆地演化的波动周期与成藏旋回、盆地地壳升降运动与油气生成及热演化的关系、不整合面的时空分布与剥蚀量恢复、多尺度波动叠加控制下的地层格架时空分布与生储盖层配置关系、隆拗变迁规律与油气藏保存的关系等。盆地波动过程分析技术将成盆、成烃和成藏的研究思路与地壳的波动过程有机融合,可以定量描述油气成藏动态演化过程,对油气勘探实践具有指导作用。沉积盆地波动过程研究未来应着重开展超长天文周期与地球深部动力学旋回驱动的盆地波动机制研究,加强地质证据与数值模拟技术融合,完善盆地波动过程分析方法,推进盆地波动理论成果转化以全面理解圈层相互作用与资源环境效应。充分发挥盆地波动分析技术对油气藏分布规律的预测功能,为油气资源远景评价与勘探提供科学依据。

关键词: 圈层相互作用, 地壳波状运动, 地球动力学, 天文周期, 油气成藏, 烃源岩

Abstract:

The fluctuation of sedimentary basins is the primary manifestation of crustal movement within the plates, while the formation and evolution of the basins result from the superposition of various fluctuation processes within the Earth system. Fluctuation analysis for sedimentary basins involves decomposition of periodic fluctuation curves from sedimentation rate time series, which has led to a new understanding of the evolutionary history of sedimentary basins. New insights include the fluctuation cycles controlling basin evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation episodes; the relationships between basin crustal uplift/subsidence and hydrocarbon generation or thermal evolution; the spatial-temporal distribution of unconformities and erosion recovery; the spatial-temporal distribution of stratigraphic frameworks and configuration of source-reservoir-cap strata controlled by the superposition of multi-scale fluctuation processes; and the relationship between tectonic evolution patterns and hydrocarbon reservoir preservation. Through fluctuation analysis by integrating basin formation and hydrocarbon generation and accumulation with crustal fluctuation, a quantitative description of the dynamic evolution process of hydrocarbon accumulation can be achieved to guide oil and gas exploration practices. Future outlooks for this research field are clarifying the mechanism of basin fluctuation driven by long-term astronomical periods and deep Earth dynamic cycles, integrating geological evidence with numerical simulation techniques, advancing the fluctuation analysis method, and promoting the use of new theoretical insights to comprehensively understand the multi-spherical interactions and their environmental and resource impacts. Leveraging the predictive value of basin fluctuation analysis in hydrocarbon accumulation patterns can provide scientific support for the exploration and long-term evaluation of oil and gas resources.

Key words: multi-spherical interactions, crustal fluctuations, geodynamics, astronomical cycles, hydrocarbon accumulation, source rocks

中图分类号:

P541
TE122

金之钧, 陈书平, 张瑞. 沉积盆地波动过程分析:研究现状与展望[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(1): 284-296.

JIN Zhijun, CHEN Shuping, ZHANG Rui. Fluctuation analysis for sedimentary basins: Review and outlook[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(1): 284-296.

图/表 8

图1 “滑动窗”法地质滤波示意图

Fig.1 “Sliding window” filtering for geophysical data

图2 盆地波动过程分析的主要内容与技术思路

Fig.2 Theoretical framework of analysis of basin fluctuation processes

表1 全球典型沉积盆地波动演化主控周期

Table 1 Dominant fluctuation cycles in globally representative sedimentary basins

沉积盆地	地质时代	沉积旋回/Ma					文献来源
渤海湾盆地	新元古代至今	740	220~200		35~27	6~10	[16]
塔里木盆地	新元古代至今	760~740	235~200	100	30	10	[3,19]
四川盆地	新元古代至今	750	220	100	35	18	[26]
三水盆地	新元古代至今	740	220	120	30	10	[25]
楚雄盆地	新元古代至今	760	220	100	45	10	[29]
柴达木盆地	显生宙		180		20	8	[30]
鄂尔多斯盆地	显生宙		250	93	33	9	[28]
松辽盆地	中生代			100	35	8	[31]
燕辽裂谷	中元古代		200		32		[32]
西西伯利亚盆地	新元古代至今	540	200		35~27		[1]
西西伯利亚盆地	中—新生代		200~180	90	45	18	[27]
加拿大北极地区	显生宙				32		[33]
日本美浓盆地	中生代				30	10	[34]
意大利西西里岛	中生代				30	10	[8]
美国纽瓦克盆地	中生代					10~8	[8]
巴西亚马逊河口盆地	白垩纪					9.5	[24]
意大利古比奥地区	白垩纪					8	[35]

图3 塔里木盆地油气成藏旋回模式(据文献[19]修改)

Fig.3 Model of hydrocarbon accumulation cycles in the Tarim Basin. Modified after [19].

图4 塔里木盆地巴楚凸起沉降波动过程模式图(据文献[2]修改)

Fig.4 Model of tectonic subsidence fluctuation in the Bachu uplift, Tarim Basin. Modified after [2].

图5 柴达木盆地西部地区风2井埋藏史曲线(据文献[30])

Fig.5 Burial history curve of well Feng 2, western Qaidam Basin. Adapted from [30].

图6 多尺度波动过程叠加控制的生储盖层配置示意图(据文献[29,60]修改)

Fig.6 Configuration of the source-reservoir-cap strata controlled by the superposition of multi-scale fluctuation processes. Modified after [29,60].

图7 地壳波状运动控制渤海湾盆地箕状凹陷演化示意图(据文献[15]修改)

Fig.7 Crustal fluctuations controlling the evolution of dustpan-shaped depressions in the Bohai Bay Basin. Modified after [15].

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沉积盆地波动过程分析:研究现状与展望

Fluctuation analysis for sedimentary basins: Review and outlook

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