地学前缘 ›› 2016, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (5): 23-32.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.2016.05.003

• 构造 • 上一篇    下一篇

柴达木盆地地温场分布特征及控制因素

 李宗星, 高俊, 李文飞, 吴剑锋   

  1. 1. 中国地质科学院 地质力学研究所 页岩油气调查评价中国地质科学院重点实验室, 北京 100081
    2. 中国地质大学(北京) 水资源与环境工程北京市重点实验室, 北京 100083
    3. 中国石化石油机械股份有限公司, 湖北 武汉 430223
    4. 中国石油青海油田分公司 勘探开发研究院, 甘肃 敦煌 736202
  • 收稿日期:2015-10-15 修回日期:2016-01-15 出版日期:2016-09-15 发布日期:2016-09-15
  • 通信作者: 高俊(1982—)，女，博士研究生，主要从事裂缝分析和盆地模拟研究。E-mail: gjpursuedoc@163.com
  • 作者简介:李宗星(1982—)，男，博士，助理研究员，主要从事盆地地温场、盆地构造热演化研究。
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目(41302202)；中国地质科学院地质力学研究所基本科研项目(DZLXJK201305)；中国地质调查局地质调查项目(1212011120964)

The characteristics of geothermal field and controlling factors in Qaidam Basin, Northwest China.

 LI  Zong-Xing, GAO  Dun, LI  Wen-Fei, TUN  Jian-Feng   

  1. 1. The Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Geological Survey, Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
    2. Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment and Engineering, China University of Geosciences(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
    3. Sinopec Oilfield Equipment Corporation, Wuhan 430223, China
    4. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Qinghai Oilfield, CNPC, Dunhuang 736202, China
  • Received:2015-10-15 Revised:2016-01-15 Online:2016-09-15 Published:2016-09-15

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摘要：

含油气盆地的地温场在油气的生成、运聚及盆地演化过程中起着十分重要的作用。柴达木盆地是中国西部重要的含油气盆地，位于喜马拉雅构造域的东北部，盆地现今地温场特征研究不仅为柴达木盆地及周缘陆内或板内大陆动力学及盆地动力学研究提供了科学依据，同时也是油气成烃、成藏及资源评价等工作的研究基础。柴达木盆地现今地温场研究的前期工作主要集中在盆地西部，盆地的北缘、东部开展的工作很少，所用研究数据多取自20世纪之前，盆地现今地温场特征的系统研究尚比较缺乏，亟须开展相关研究工作。文中采用先进的钻孔温度连续采集系统，实现了深井稳态测温工作的大规模化、高精度化，使用光学扫描法测试岩石热导率，获得了批量的、高精度的岩石热导率数据，新增了17口钻井的测温剖面。研究表明：柴达木盆地现今地温梯度平均为(28.6±4.6) ℃/km，地温梯度分布具有西部高，中、东部低的特点。柴达木盆地现今大地热流值平均(55.1±7.9) mW/m2，盆地不同构造单元大地热流分布存在差异。大地热流分布特征表明：柴达木盆地总体属于温盆，热流值低于我国大陆地区大地热流平均值，但高于西部的塔里木、准噶尔盆地。柴达木盆地现今地温场分布特征受地壳深部结构、岩石热导率性质及盆地构造等因素的控制。

关键词: 地温梯度, 热导率, 大地热流, 地壳结构, 柴达木盆地

Abstract:

Geothermal field of petroliferous basin plays a very important role in oil and gas generation, transport and basin evolution. Qaidam Basin is an important oil and gas basin in western China, which is located in the northeast of the Himalayan tectonic domain. The study of the characteristic of geothermal field not only provides the scientific basis to intracontinental or intraplate continental dynamics and dynamics research in Qaidam Basin and its surrounding, but also is available to hydrocarbon generation, petroleum entrapment, the resources assessment, etc. Preliminary work of present geothermal field in Qaidam Basin mainly concentrated in the western basin, but a few in the northern and eastern Qaidam Basin, and the data used in the study were most obtained before the 20th century; the systematic research of present basin geothermal field is rare, and it is needed urgently to carry out the related research work. The advanced borehole temperature continuing acquisition system makes the measuring work of steady state temperature of deep well could be carried out in big scale and with high precision; using the Optical Scanning Method to test rock thermal conductivity, we obtained the batch, high precision rock thermal conductivity data, and 17 boreholes temperature profile. Studies show that the present geothermal gradient of Qaidam Basin is 28.6±4.6 ℃/km on average, that the geothermal gradient distribution is high in west and low in east and middle, and that the present terrestrial heat flow value of Qaidam Basin is 55.1±7.9 mW/m2 on average. The present terrestrial heat flow value of Qaidam Basin is higher than that of western China, such as Tarim and Junggar Basins, however, it is lower than the average regional terrestrial heat flow in China mainland, and it belongs to the warm basin as a whole. The distribution of geothermal field might be controlled by crustal structure, basin structures, etc.

Key words: geothermal gradient, thermal conductivity, heat flow, crustal structure, Qaidam Basin

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