曲流河沉积构型研究现状与展望

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.8.57

地学前缘 ›› 2025, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 113-130.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.8.57

曲流河沉积构型研究现状与展望

岳大力¹^,²^,³(), 李伟¹^,²^,^*(), 王武荣¹^,², 吴胜和¹^,²^,³, 李洪辉¹^,², 刘警阳¹^,², 刘磊¹^,²^,³, 徐梓墨¹^,², 林津¹^,², 吴光圳¹^,²

1.中国石油大学(北京) 油气资源与工程全国重点实验室, 北京 102249
2.中国石油大学(北京) 地球科学学院, 北京 102249
3.中国石油大学(北京) 人工智能学院, 北京 102249

收稿日期:2025-08-15 修回日期:2025-08-18 出版日期:2025-09-25 发布日期:2025-10-14
通信作者: 李伟
作者简介:岳大力(1974—),男,教授,博士生导师,主要从事油气田开发地质相关教学与科研工作。E-mail: yuedali@cup.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42272186);国家自然科学基金项目(41872107);国家自然科学基金项目(42472179);国家自然科学基金项目(42302128);国家自然科学基金项目(42202109)

Advances and prospects of meandering river sedimentary architecture research

YUE Dali¹^,²^,³(), LI Wei¹^,²^,^*(), WANG Wurong¹^,², WU Shenghe¹^,²^,³, LI Honghui¹^,², LIU Jingyang¹^,², LIU Lei¹^,²^,³, XU Zimo¹^,², LIN Jin¹^,², WU Guangzhen¹^,²

1. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
2. College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
3. College of Artificial Intelligence, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China

Received:2025-08-15 Revised:2025-08-18 Online:2025-09-25 Published:2025-10-14
Contact: LI Wei

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

河流相是世界范围内十分重要的储层类型之一,占我国已探明和投入开发的陆源碎屑岩储层储量的42.6%,曲流河是已开发的河流相储层的主体,多级次沉积构型表征是高含水油气田剩余油气挖潜和非常规油气藏规模效益开发的关键。近30多年来,在曲流河沉积构型模式、构型表征与建模方法、构型在油气田开发中的应用等方面取得了重要进展:(1)基于野外露头、现代沉积等原型模型研究,深化了河道及内部构型单元沉积演化机理,建立了河道带、点坝及侧积体分布样式及定量构型模式;(2)形成了多井模式拟合、智能化井震融合等构型表征方法,探索了多点地质统计学、基于单砂体构型界面和人工智能等构型建模方法;(3)分析了曲流河多级次构型对海上大井距油田开发选区、高含水油气田剩余油气挖潜、非常规油气藏水平井部署及轨迹优化等方面的重要指导意义。未来有必要对不同类型的曲流河构型模式与形成机理、地质知识与井震数据双驱动的曲流河沉积构型智能表征与建模技术等进行更为深入研究,为油气田高效开发提供理论指导与技术支撑。

关键词: 曲流河, 沉积构型, 井震结合, 地质建模, 人工智能

Abstract:

Fluvial facies constitute one of the major reservoir types globally, accounting for 42.6% of the proven and developed reserves in terrestrial clastic reservoirs in China, with meandering rivers representing important components. Multi-scale sedimentary architecture characterization plays a critical role in unlocking hydrocarbon potential in high water-cut oilfields and facilitating the large-scale, efficient development of unconventional reservoirs. Over the past three decades, significant progress has been made in understanding meandering river sedimentary architecture models, improving characterization and modelling techniques, and elucidating the role of reservoir architecture in oilfield development. (1) Based on prototype model studies of outcrop successions and modern sediments, the depositional evolution mechanisms of channels and their internal architectural elements have been further elucidated, including establishing qualitative and quantitative architectural models for channel belts, point bars, and lateral accretion sandbodies. (2) Various architectural characterization methods have been developed, including multi-well correlation and intelligent well-to-seismic integration. Additionally, reservoir architecture modelling approaches have been explored using multiple-point statistics, bounding surfaces of single sandbody architecture, and artificial intelligence (AI). (3) The multi-scale architectures of meandering river successions provide important guidance for development of offshore oilfields with large well spacing, enhancing remaining hydrocarbon recovery in high water-cut oilfields, and optimizing horizontal well placement and trajectory design in unconventional reservoirs. Future research should deepen the mechanistic understanding of architectural models across different meandering river types and advance intelligent characterization and modelling techniques for meandering river sedimentary architectures, integrating geological knowledge with well-seismic data. This will offer theoretical and technical support for the efficient development of oil and gas fields.

Key words: meandering river, sedimentary architecture, well-seismic integration, geological modelling, artificial intelligence

中图分类号:

P618.13

岳大力, 李伟, 王武荣, 吴胜和, 李洪辉, 刘警阳, 刘磊, 徐梓墨, 林津, 吴光圳. 曲流河沉积构型研究现状与展望[J]. 地学前缘, 2025, 32(5): 113-130.

YUE Dali, LI Wei, WANG Wurong, WU Shenghe, LI Honghui, LIU Jingyang, LIU Lei, XU Zimo, LIN Jin, WU Guangzhen. Advances and prospects of meandering river sedimentary architecture research[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2025, 32(5): 113-130.

图/表 14

图1 曲流河河道砂体叠合模式与不同类型的曲流带卫星照片 a—河道砂体剖面叠合模式;b—简单曲流带卫星照片;c—复杂曲流带卫星照片。

Fig.1 Channel sandbody stacking patterns and satellite images of different meander belt types in meandering rivers

图2 曲流河点坝四种迁移方式及典型卫星照片(据文献[62,66]修改)

Fig.2 Four types of point bar migration in meandering rivers and typical satellite images. Modified after [62,66].

图3 曲流河点坝组合样式卫星照片及模式图(据文献[69]修改)

Fig.3 Satellite images and schematic diagrams of point bar architectural styles in meandering rivers. Modified after [69].

图4 不同充填类型的废弃河道模式图(据文献[17]修改) a—泥质全充填型废弃河道剖面图;b—泥质半充填型废弃河道剖面图;c—泥质全充填型废弃河道所在曲流带砂体厚度平面图;d—泥质半充填型废弃河道所在曲流带砂体厚度平面图。

Fig.4 Schematic diagrams of abandoned channels with different fill types. Modified after [17].

图5 海拉尔盆地呼伦湖北岸海拉尔河支流点坝、废弃河道及侧积层(据文献[18]修改) a—点坝与废弃河道卫星照片;b—点坝及废弃河道探地雷达响应剖面。

Fig.5 Point bar, abandoned channel, and lateral accretion shale drapes along a tributary of the Hailar River, northern shore of Hulun Lake, Hailar Basin. Modified after [18].

图6 基于探地雷达的点坝内部三维构型原型模型(据文献[18]修改) a—鳞片状点坝卫星照片与雷达测网;b—鳞片状点坝的废弃河道与侧积层空间分布;c—鳞片状点坝及内部构型三维模型;d—牛角状复合点坝卫星照片与雷达测网;e—牛角状复合点坝的废弃河道与侧积层空间分布;f—牛角状复合点坝及内部构型三维模型。

Fig.6 Prototype model of the three-dimensional internal architecture of a point bar based on ground-penetrating radar. Modified after [18].

图7 曲流河点坝形成过程及其内部构型模式(据文献[18]修改) a—侧积层与侧积体形成演化过程;b—侧积层与侧积体三维构型模式。

Fig.7 Formation process of the point bar in the meandering belt and inner architectural model. Modified after [18].

表1 常见曲流河定量构型模式

Table 1 Common quantitative architecture models of meandering rivers

经验公式	符号含义	相关系数(R)	文献来源
W=6.8h¹^.⁵⁴	W:满岸宽度;h:满岸厚度		[74]
W^*=2/3W	W:满岸宽度;W^*:单一侧积体宽度		[13]
D=D^*×0.585/0.9	D:河道满岸深度;D^*:砂体平均厚度		[80]
λ_m=10.9W¹^.⁰¹	W:满岸宽度;λ_m:曲流波长;r_m:曲率半径;A:振幅		[72]
λ_m=4.7${r}_{m}^{0.98}$
A=2.7W¹^.¹
W_m=7.44W¹^.⁰¹	W:活动河道宽度;W_m单一曲流带宽度	0.93	[75]
L=0.853 1×lnW+2.453 1	W:满岸宽度;L:点坝长度	0.93	[21]
W_d=3.631 9W+40.612	W_d:点坝跨度;W:满岸宽度	0.98	[34]
W_p=2.42L+622.41	W_p:点坝宽度;L:点坝长度	0.94	[76]
h_m=2.9S_m	h_m:沙丘高度;S_m:交错层组厚度;d:水深		[78]
d/h_m=6~10	h_m:沙丘高度;S_m:交错层组厚度;d:水深		[78]
W_PB=1.33${W}_{m}^{0.90}$	W_m:曲流带宽度;W_PB:点坝宽度	0.84	[6]

图8 多井模式拟合地下储层构型表征方法(引自文献[81])

Fig.8 Multi-well pattern fitting method for subsurface reservoir architecture characterization. Adapted from [81].

图9 地震属性分布与砂体预测(a据文献[32]修改;b引自文献[35]) a—某沉积盆地地震地层切片与地震剖面,图中A、B、C区域均指示河道砂体;b—秦皇岛32-6油田分频地震智能融合结果。

Fig.9 Seismic attribute distribution and sand body prediction. a modified after [32]; b adapted from [35].

图10 渤海湾盆地埕岛油田SDC2小层上、中、下部反演切片RGB融合图(a)与构型单元分布图(b)(据文献[7]修改)

Fig.10 RGB-blending map of the lower, middle, and upper inversion slices (a) and distribution of fluvial architecture elements of SDC2 in Chengdao Oilfield, Bohai Bay Basin (b). Modified after [7].

图11 河流储层智能化建模(a据文献[108]修改) a—无条件相实现:多点统计(MPS)(左)和生成对抗网络(GAN)(右); b—辫-曲转换河流相条件化建模。

Fig.11 Intelligent modeling of fluvial reservoirs. a modified after [108].

图12 曲流点坝侧积泥岩薄夹层建筑结构及其对注入剂驱油、剩余油形成与分布的影响(引自文献[120])

Fig.12 Architectural features of lateral accretion mudstone interlayers in meandering point bars and their influence on injected fluid displacement and remaining oil distribution. Adapted from [120].

图13 苏里格气田苏A区块基于地质模型的水平井部署示意图 a—构型模型切片;b—含气饱和度模型切片。

Fig.13 Schematic diagram of horizontal well deployment based on the geological model in the Su-A block,Sulige Gas Field

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曲流河沉积构型研究现状与展望

Advances and prospects of meandering river sedimentary architecture research

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