郯庐断裂转换段新沂地裂缝成生机理及构造意义

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.10.36

地学前缘 ›› 2024, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 470-481.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.10.36

郯庐断裂转换段新沂地裂缝成生机理及构造意义

徐继山¹(), 彭建兵²^,³^,^*(), 隋旺华¹, 安海波⁴, 李作栋⁵, 徐文杰¹, 董培杰¹

1.中国矿业大学资源与地球科学学院, 江苏徐州 221116
2.长安大学地质工程与测绘学院/陕西省黄河科学研究院/地质灾害研究院, 陕西西安 710054
3.中国地质大学(北京) 工程技术学院, 北京 100083
4.山东省地矿工程勘察院青岛地质勘查院, 山东济南 250014
5.浙江数智交院科技股份有限公司, 浙江杭州 310030

收稿日期:2023-02-21 修回日期:2023-10-13 出版日期:2024-05-25 发布日期:2024-05-25
通信作者: *彭建兵(1953—),男,教授,博士生导师,中国科学院院士,长期从事工程地质与灾害地质研究。E-mail: dicexy_1@chd.edu.cn
作者简介:徐继山(1982—),男,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,主要从事工程地质与地质灾害、第四纪地质学等研究。E-mail: xujs@cumt.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42177123);国家自然科学基金项目(42042054);国家自然科学基金项目(41302249);国家自然科学基金项目(42130706);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目

Formation mechanism and tectonic implication of Xinyi earth fissures in Tan-Lu fault transition section

XU Jishan¹(), PENG Jianbing²^,³^,^*(), SUI Wanghua¹, AN Haibo⁴, LI Zuodong⁵, XU Wenjie¹, DONG Peijie¹

1. School of Resources and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
2. School of Geology Engineering and Geomatics/Shaanxi Academy of Yellow River Science/Research Institute of Geological Hazard, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054 China
3. School of Engineering and Technology, China University of Geosciences(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
4. Qingdao Institute of Geological Exploration, Shandong Provincial Geo-mineral Engineering Exploration Institute, Jinan 250014, China
5. Zhejiang Institute of Communications Company Limited, Hangzhou 310030, China

Received:2023-02-21 Revised:2023-10-13 Online:2024-05-25 Published:2024-05-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

新沂地区处于郯庐断裂带转换段的关键部位,自20世纪70年代以来在新沂地区共发现地裂缝灾害点28处。这些地裂缝以群发的形式发育在南马陵山以西、沂河—骆马湖以东的区域内,地裂灾害影响区面积达100 km²。新沂地裂缝与地层结构、地震活动、地下水开采等因素有着千丝万缕的联系,对其研究形成了多种观点。利用实地调查与勘探手段,新近查明了新沂地裂缝的基本特征,它们具有走向一致性、纵向尖灭性、局部群发性等特点,且与邻近断裂(郯庐断裂带次级断裂F3)具有高度一致性,属于区域构造控制型地裂缝。以新沂地区地质构造为原型,构建了逆断层作用下地裂缝成生物理试验模型。试验结果表明,随着逆断层断距加大而依次呈剪裂段、离层段、弯裂段等发展过程。结合新沂地区“地堑-地垒-地堑”组合结构,新沂地裂缝的成因机制可概括为“跷跷板”构造模型,在构造应力、自重应力、地下水波动等作用下,下沉段受挤压,上升段因抬升而弯裂,从而形成地裂缝。研究新沂地区地裂缝,对揭示郯庐断裂带“北-中-南”段构造变化和“深-浅-表”部结构联系具有重要的指示意义。

关键词: 地裂缝, 郯庐断裂带, 地震, 逆断层, 构造应力, 华北板块

Abstract:

The Xinyi area is located in a crucial transitional zone of the Tan-Lu Fault Zone. Since the 1970s, a total of 28 earth fissures have been discovered in this region. These fissures are mainly concentrated in the area west of Nanmaling Mountain and east of Yihe River-Luoma Lake, covering an affected area of approximately 100 km². The formation of Xinyi earth fissures is closely linked to the stratigraphic structure, seismic activity, and groundwater exploitation, leading to various perspectives on the subject. Recent on-site investigations and exploration methods have revealed the fundamental characteristics of Xinyi earth fissures, including consistent strike, longitudinal pinchout, and localized mass occurrence. These features align closely with the adjacent fault (secondary fault F3 of the Tan-Lu Fault Zone) and are classified as regional tectonic-type earth fissures. Drawing on the geological structure of the Xinyi area, a physical experimental model was developed to simulate the formation of earth fissures under reverse fault action. The experimental findings suggest that fissure development areas are delineated on the ground surface, progressing through stages of shear-cracking, separation, and “bending-cracking” with increasing fault displacement of the reverse fault. Considering the “graben-horst-graben” composite structure in the Xinyi area, the genesis of Xinyi earth fissures can be conceptualized as a seesaw-style tectonic model. Tectonic stress, gravity stress, groundwater fluctuations, among other factors, compress the subsidence section while causing bending and cracking in the rising section, ultimately resulting in the formation of earth fissures. The investigation of earth fissures in the Xinyi area holds significant importance in elucidating structural changes within the “north-middle-south” segment of the Tan-Lu Fault Zone and the interconnected “deep-shallow-surface” structural configurations.

Key words: earth fissure, Tan-Lu Fault Zone, earthquake, reverse fault, tectonic stress, North China Plate

中图分类号:

P694
P542.3

徐继山, 彭建兵, 隋旺华, 安海波, 李作栋, 徐文杰, 董培杰. 郯庐断裂转换段新沂地裂缝成生机理及构造意义[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(3): 470-481.

XU Jishan, PENG Jianbing, SUI Wanghua, AN Haibo, LI Zuodong, XU Wenjie, DONG Peijie. Formation mechanism and tectonic implication of Xinyi earth fissures in Tan-Lu fault transition section[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(3): 470-481.

图/表 10

图1 新沂区域地质及地裂缝分布 a—郯庐断裂带邻域构造图(据文献[21]补充修改),郯庐断裂带可分为三段,分别为苏皖段(TL-1)、沂沭段(TL-2)和东北段(TL-3);b—新沂地裂缝分布图(表1),F1—山左口—泗洪断裂,F2—新沂—新店断裂,F3—墨河—凌城断裂,F4—纪集—王集断裂,F5—马陵山—重岗山断裂,F6—皂河—宿迁断裂,F7—邵店—板浦断裂;c—地质剖面图,PP'为剖切线,Q、N、Z分别是第四系、新近系、震旦系,Ptf、Ptj分别是元古宇凤阳群、胶南群(变质岩系),K1q、K2w分别是下白垩统青山组、上白垩统王氏组。

Fig.1 Regional geology and distribution of Xinyi earth fissures a—map of Tan-Lu Fault zone (modified after [21]). b—map of Xinyi earth fissures (Table 1). c—geological profile map.

表1 新沂地裂缝群组统计

Table 1 Statistical overview of Xinyi earth fissure groups

群组	编号	地理位置	经纬坐标	长度等级	走向
f_G-XY 新沂港地裂群	f1	杜墩村西北	34°18'59.04″N 118°15'51.87″E	3	N23°E
	f2	蒋黄村西	34°17'52.91″N 118°15'21.86″E	2	N23°E
	f3	史圩村西	34°19'22.22″N 118°16'34.30″E	2	N17°E
	f4	蒋黄村内	34°18'26.41″N 118°16'15.67″E	2	N17°E
	f5	蒋黄村内	34°18'15.24″N 118°16'42.57″E	4	N17°E
	f6	前史城东	34°18'34.00″N 118°17'08.45″E	2	N17°E
f_G-QP 棋盘镇地裂群	f7	柳沟村东	34°16'08.97″N 118°13'36.30″E	3	N18°E
	f8	棋盘镇西北	34°15'15.69″N 118°13'50.79″E	3	N22°E
	f9	张庙村内	34°14'18.11″N 118°13'12.50″E	3	N22°E
	f10	墨芬村内	34°16'26.15″N 118°14'03.21″E	2	N19°E
	f11	棋盘镇东北	34°16'22.71″N 118°14'44.60″E	3	N22°E
	f12	棋盘镇东南	34°16'04.67″N 118°14'36.33″E	1	N68°W
	f13	棋盘镇东南	34°15'54.36″N 118°14'53.92″E	3	N21°E
	f14	西夏村西	34°16'40.76″N 118°16'05.32″E	3	N21°E
	f15	棋盘镇内	34°14'52.49″N 118°14'52.88″E	5	N21°E
	f16	大墩村内	34°12'33.24″N 118°13'16.64″E	3	N25°E
	f17	马场村南	34°11'42.50″N 118°13'18.71″E	2	N74°W
	f18	筛子村内	34°11'21.00″N 118°13'15.61″E	3	N23°E
f_G-MH 墨河街地裂群	f19	许庄东南	34°17'41.74″N 118°18'15.71″E	1	N86°W
	f20	许庄东南	34°17'35.73″N 118°18'26.06″E	4	N15°E
	f21	利民化工厂	34°17'57.20″N 118°19'10.56″E	4	N15°E
f_G-CG 城岗村地裂缝	f22	城岗村内	34°13'04.19″N 118°16'16.71″E	5	N17°E
	f23	戚沟村东北	34°12'03.00″N 118°15'21.86″E	3	N21°E
	f24	南涧村东北	34°10'38.86″N 118°15'11.51″E	1	N70°W
	f25	古龙村西北	34°10'50.90″N 118°15'30.15″E	3	N21°E
	f26	城岗村东北	34°13'23.10″N 118°17'21.90″E	4	N21°E
	f27	王徐村西南	34°13'39.43″N 118°17'21.90″E	1	N74°W
	f28	岗东村东	34°12'53.87″N 118°17'48.81″E	4	N23°E

表1 新沂地裂缝群组统计

Table 1 Statistical overview of Xinyi earth fissure groups

群组	编号	地理位置	经纬坐标	长度等级	走向
f_G-XY 新沂港地裂群	f1	杜墩村西北	34°18'59.04″N 118°15'51.87″E	3	N23°E
	f2	蒋黄村西	34°17'52.91″N 118°15'21.86″E	2	N23°E
	f3	史圩村西	34°19'22.22″N 118°16'34.30″E	2	N17°E
	f4	蒋黄村内	34°18'26.41″N 118°16'15.67″E	2	N17°E
	f5	蒋黄村内	34°18'15.24″N 118°16'42.57″E	4	N17°E
	f6	前史城东	34°18'34.00″N 118°17'08.45″E	2	N17°E
f_G-QP 棋盘镇地裂群	f7	柳沟村东	34°16'08.97″N 118°13'36.30″E	3	N18°E
	f8	棋盘镇西北	34°15'15.69″N 118°13'50.79″E	3	N22°E
	f9	张庙村内	34°14'18.11″N 118°13'12.50″E	3	N22°E
	f10	墨芬村内	34°16'26.15″N 118°14'03.21″E	2	N19°E
	f11	棋盘镇东北	34°16'22.71″N 118°14'44.60″E	3	N22°E
	f12	棋盘镇东南	34°16'04.67″N 118°14'36.33″E	1	N68°W
	f13	棋盘镇东南	34°15'54.36″N 118°14'53.92″E	3	N21°E
	f14	西夏村西	34°16'40.76″N 118°16'05.32″E	3	N21°E
	f15	棋盘镇内	34°14'52.49″N 118°14'52.88″E	5	N21°E
	f16	大墩村内	34°12'33.24″N 118°13'16.64″E	3	N25°E
	f17	马场村南	34°11'42.50″N 118°13'18.71″E	2	N74°W
	f18	筛子村内	34°11'21.00″N 118°13'15.61″E	3	N23°E
f_G-MH 墨河街地裂群	f19	许庄东南	34°17'41.74″N 118°18'15.71″E	1	N86°W
	f20	许庄东南	34°17'35.73″N 118°18'26.06″E	4	N15°E
	f21	利民化工厂	34°17'57.20″N 118°19'10.56″E	4	N15°E
f_G-CG 城岗村地裂缝	f22	城岗村内	34°13'04.19″N 118°16'16.71″E	5	N17°E
	f23	戚沟村东北	34°12'03.00″N 118°15'21.86″E	3	N21°E
	f24	南涧村东北	34°10'38.86″N 118°15'11.51″E	1	N70°W
	f25	古龙村西北	34°10'50.90″N 118°15'30.15″E	3	N21°E
	f26	城岗村东北	34°13'23.10″N 118°17'21.90″E	4	N21°E
	f27	王徐村西南	34°13'39.43″N 118°17'21.90″E	1	N74°W
	f28	岗东村东	34°12'53.87″N 118°17'48.81″E	4	N23°E

表2 地裂缝长度等级划分标准(据文献[3])

Table 2 Classification standards for earth fissure lengths (Adapted from [3])

等级	长度l范围/m
1	l≤100
2	100<l≤200
3	200<l≤500
4	500<l≤1 000
5	1 000<l≤2 000
6	2 000<l≤5 000
7	5 000<l≤10 000
8	10 000<l≤22 500
9	22 500<l≤50 000
10	l>50 000

图2 新沂地裂缝优势走向统计

Fig.2 Statistics of the advantage trends of Xinyi earth fissures

图3 新沂地裂缝典型地层剖面 a—棋盘地裂缝f15剖面图,其地理位置如图1中P1所示;b—城岗地裂缝f22剖面图,其地理位置如图1中P2所示;1—耕植土;2—粉质黏土;3—含砂姜黏土(钙质结核黏土);4—砂层;5—红黏土;6—砾砂层。

Fig.3 Typical stratigraphic sections of Xinyi earth fissures a—stratigraphic section of Qipan earth fissure (f15), its geographical location is shown in Fig.1, P1; b—stratigraphic section of Chenggang earth fissure, its geographical location is shown in Fig.1, P2.

图4 新沂地裂缝与地震活动的关系圆形为地震,条形为地裂缝。

Fig.4 Relationship between earth fissures and seismic activity in Xinyi The circulars are earthquakes, and the strips are earth fissures.

图5 地裂缝物理模型试验设计 ①—模型箱体;②—上盘;③—下盘;④—断层面;⑤—千斤顶;⑥—应变片;⑦—百分表;L1—耕植土层;L2—粉质黏土层;L3—含砾砂层。

Fig.5 Experimental design of physical model for earth fissures

图6 模型试验结果及破裂现象 a—剖面图;b—俯视图;c—右视图;d—细节图;e—变形区分带示意图。

Fig.6 Model test results and cracking phenomenon a—profile view; b—top view; c—right view; d—detail view;e—schematic diagram of deformation zones.

图7 模型试验应变及位移曲线 a—地表位移曲线;b—耕植土层应变曲线(图5中L1);c—粉质黏土层应变曲线(图5中L2);d—含砾砂层应变曲线(图5中L3)。

Fig.7 Strain and displacement curves in model tests a—surface displacement curves; b—strain curves of cultivated soil layer (Fig.5, L1);c—strain curves of silty clay layer (Fig.5, L2); d—strain curves of gravel bearing sand layer (Fig.5, L3).

图8 新沂地裂缝成因模式 a—表层破裂(地裂缝)图;b—浅层构造图;c—深部构造图;d—“跷跷板”构造模型;断层F1-F5的名称及位置见图1b所示; Q+N—第四系和新近系;Pre- —前寒武系;K—白垩系。

Fig.8 Genetic model of Xinyi earth fissures a—diagram of surface fissures (earth fissures); b—diagram of shallow structure; c—diagram of deep structure; d—seesaw-style tectonic model. The names and locations of faults F1-F5 are shown in Fig.1b.

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郯庐断裂转换段新沂地裂缝成生机理及构造意义

Formation mechanism and tectonic implication of Xinyi earth fissures in Tan-Lu fault transition section

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