海岸带地下水循环及其环境效应研究进展与展望

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.10.17

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

海岸带地下水循环是陆海交互带水动力过程与生态环境演化的关键环节,其动态演变受自然与人类活动的双重驱动,并对沿海地区的资源、生态与可持续发展产生深远影响。本文系统综述了滨海地下水循环及其环境效应的研究进展,重点探讨了以下内容:海岸带水循环的多尺度过程,包括地表水-地下水相互作用、潮汐驱动下的地下水流动态及陆海界面水文交换;地下水循环演变的驱动要素,涵盖气候变化(包括降水格局改变、海平面上升)、人类活动(包括人口经济增长、土地利用变化、流域水资源开发)以及地质地貌的控水机制;地下水文过程引发的环境效应,包括营养物质与污染物迁移对近岸水质的调控、海水入侵与土壤盐渍化的生态威胁、海底地下水排泄(SGD)对海洋碳\氮循环的贡献,以及超采引发的地面沉降灾害;阐释了我国海岸带相关的环境效应特征。提出未来研究应加强高分辨率监测、多过程耦合模拟、人地系统协同管理与碳中和背景下的生态效应评估,支撑海岸带水资源安全保障与生态保护战略实施。

关键词: 海岸带, 地下水循环, 海水入侵, 海底地下水排泄, 环境效应, 海岸带管理

Abstract:

Coastal groundwater circulation is a critical component of hydrodynamic processes and eco-environmental evolution in the land-sea interaction zone. Its dynamic evolution is driven by both natural and anthropogenic factors,exerting profound impacts on coastal resources,ecosystems,and sustainable development. This paper systematically reviews research progress on coastal groundwater circulation and its environmental effects,with a focus on the following aspects: multi-scale processes of the coastal water cycle,including surface water-groundwater interactions,tidal-driven groundwater flow dynamics,and hydrological exchange at the land-sea interface; driving factors of groundwater circulation evolution,encompassing climate change (e.g.,altered precipitation patterns,sea-level rise),human activities (e.g.,population and economic growth,land-use changes,water resource exploitation in watersheds),and geological-morphological controls on water flow; environmental effects induced by these hydrogeological processes are also examined,including nutrient and pollutant transport that influences nearshore water quality,ecological threats from seawater intrusion and soil salinization,the contribution of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) to marine carbon/nitrogen cycles,and land subsidence hazards caused by over-extraction. The specific characteristics of these effects within China’s coastal zones are highlighted. Future research should prioritize the development of coupled multi-process models,high-resolution monitoring,management strategies that coordinate human and natural systems,and ecological impact assessments under carbon neutrality goals,thereby supporting the development of strategies for coastal water resource security and ecological conservation.

Key words: coastal zone, groundwater circulation, seawater intrusion, submarine groundwater discharge, environmental impacts, management of coastal zones

中图分类号:

韩冬梅, 曹国亮, 萧怡, 宋献方. 海岸带地下水循环及其环境效应研究进展与展望[J]. 地学前缘, 2026, 33(1): 384-404.

HAN Dongmei, CAO Guoliang, XIAO Yi, SONG Xianfang. Research progress and prospect of groundwater circulation in coastal zones and its environmental effects[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2026, 33(1): 384-404.

图/表 2

图1 滨海水文过程概念图 A—天然条件下的滨海水文过程;B—人为开采扰动下的滨海水文过程。说明:①潮汐/波浪驱动子系统(RSGDt/w);②海底地下淡水排泄FSGD;③密度流驱动子系统(海水再循环)RSGD;④封存咸水;⑤开采条件下咸水倒锥污染抽水井;⑥开采条件下穿过高渗透性含水层(比如,古河道砂体)的优先入侵。此外,还应包括河口区地表的咸淡水混合过程。(修改自 http://hdl.handle.net/2328/26647)。

Fig.1 Conceptual diagram of coastal hydrological processes

图2 我国北方海岸带地下水循环过程及其环境效应概念图

Fig.2 Conceptual diagram of groundwater circulation processes and associated environmental effects in China’s northern coastal zones

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