古生代中国中西部三大陆块古地理位置重建与演变

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.8.3

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对古生代中国中西部华北、华南和塔里木三大陆块在全球洋-陆格局中的古地理位置还存在的争议问题,本论文以国际最新的古地理位置重建研究方法和思路,在对中国三大陆块盆地(鄂尔多斯、四川和塔里木盆地)古生界钻井岩心的古地磁实测研究、全球古生代古地磁数据收集与有效性筛选处理、全球主要地质事件约束等多参数融合分析的基础上,采用最新的 GPlates 板块重建方法,对中国华北、华南和塔里木三大陆块在全球洋-陆格局中的古地理位置进行了重建和定位。研究结果表明:古生代三大陆块主要在全球 ±30° 之间的南北中低纬度之间迁移;三大陆块在古生代至少发生了 3 次不同的顺时针旋转和方位角转换;三大陆块运移速率至少经历了 3 次以上不同高、低速度间的转换与变化过程;响应于古生代全球洋-陆形成与演化,中国三大陆块古构造格局总体上经历了洋盆扩张下的“多岛洋”离散、俯冲碰撞下的离散-汇聚并存、俯冲消减下的差异汇聚隆升、新旧洋盆转换下的差异汇聚-离散、拼合与地幔柱控制下的差异汇聚-离散内部拉张的差异性演变过程。古生代中国三大陆块在全球洋-陆格局中的位置与差异性演变,奠定了中国三大陆块古生代不同性质盆地的形成与演化、不同层系油气烃源、储集原始物质差异性发育的基础。

关键词: 古生代, 古地理位置重建, 古地磁, GPlates, 华北陆块, 华南陆块, 塔里木陆块

Abstract:

The Paleozoic paleogeographic position of the three continental blocks of central and western China—namely the North China, South China and Tarim blocks—in the global ocean-continent pattern has been under debate. Applying the latest research methods and ideas of paleogeographic reconstruction, along with the paleomagnetic measurements of Paleozoic cores (from the Ordos, Sichuan and Tarim basins in the study area), global Paleozoic paleomagnetic data, and constrains from major global geological events, this paper reconstructs and locates the paleogeographic position of the North China, South China and Tarim blocks using the GPlates software. The results indicate that the three continental blocks migrate mainly between the mid and low latitudes of ±30° during the Paleozoic and undergo at least three different clockwise rotations and azimuth conversions. And the migration rates of the three blocks oscillate at least three times between different high and low velocities. In response to the breakup and assembly of Paleozoic global oceans/supercontinents, the three continental blocks experience a series of crustal movements, including “archipelagic ocean” dispersion under ocean basin expansion, divergence/convergence coexistence under ocean basin subduction and collision, differential convergence/uplift under ocean basin subduction, differential divergence/convergence under transformation between old and new ocean basins, and differential divergence/convergence under the control of mantle plume. Obviously, the Paleozoic position of the three continental blocks of China in the global ocean-supercontinents pattern, along with differential tectonic settings, provide basic conditions for the formation and evolution of different types of basins or petroleum reservoirs of different strata and for the differential development of primitive reservoir materials within the three continental blocks.

Key words: Paleozoic, reconstruction of paleogeographic position, paleomagnetism, GPlates, North China Block, South China Block, Tarim Block

中图分类号:

P542.4

杨风丽, 徐铭辰, 庄圆, 赵西西, 胡虞杨, 杨瑞青. 古生代中国中西部三大陆块古地理位置重建与演变[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(6): 265-276.

YANG Fengli, XU Mingchen, ZHUANG Yuan, ZHAO Xixi, HU Yuyang, YANG Ruiqing. Paleozoic paleogeographic reconstruction and evolution of the three continental blocks of central and western China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2022, 29(6): 265-276.

图/表 10

图1 中国中西部三大盆地钻井岩心古地磁采样位置(底图据文献[20]补充修改)

Fig.1 Sketch maps of the Tarim (a), Sichuan (b) and Ordos (c) basins of central and western China showing the tectonic units of the study area and distribution of paleomagnetic sampling sites. Modified after [20].

表1 中西部三大盆地钻井古地磁样品采集与测试实验结果

Table 1 Summary of Paleozoic paleomagnetic sample data and testing results for the three basins (Tarim, Ordos and Sichuan basins) in the study area

盆地	层位	时代/Ma	采样钻井	岩性	样品个数	精度参数	磁倾角/ (°)	置信区间 α₉₅/(°)	古纬度/ (°)
塔里木盆地	中二叠统库普库满苏组(P₂k)	270~265	Z18	火山碎屑岩	4	21.54	46.0	20.4	27.4
	下石炭统巴楚组(C₁b)	359~326	S108,AT19, BT6	岩屑石英砂岩	16	9.30	44.2	13.2	25.9
	上泥盆统东河塘组(D₃d)	385~359	Z18	砂岩	4	26.91	19.3	29.0	9.9
	下志留统柯坪塔格组(S₁k)	441~438	AT40,AT19, Z18,S9,BT6	岩屑石英砂岩	36	15.42	35.8	8.1	19.8
	奥陶系硫磺山群(O_2-3l)	467~456	S108,KT1	灰岩	4	36.43	37.1	24.6	20.7
	奥陶系鹰山组(O_1-2y)	478~467	Z18,BT6,SB2	泥晶灰岩	19	4.38	32.1	23.7	17.4
	下寒武统肖尔布拉克组($\rlap{-}\text{C}_{1}$x)	530~513	XH1,KT1, DG1	泥岩、泥晶白云岩	8	19.50	42.5	9.8	24.6
鄂尔多斯盆地	下二叠统太原组(P₁t)	304~298	XF5,NS1, J77,DB8	砂岩	10	13.63	33.2	13.3	18.1
	中奥陶统马家沟组(O₂m)	471~460	XF5,DB8,B2	白云岩、灰岩	13	12.42	14.8	13.8	7.5
	中寒武统张夏组($\rlap{-}\text{C}_{2}$z)	506~500	CT1,DB8,XH1	白云岩、灰岩	6	19.12	35.5	15.4	19.6
四川盆地	下志留统龙马溪组(S₁l)	444~441	LY3,YY2	页岩	6	16.94	9.3	16.2	4.7
	下寒武统筇竹寺组($\rlap{-}\text{C}_{1}$q)	520~514	JS103	暗色灰岩	3	37.01	23.6	24.9	12.3
	震旦系灯影组(Z₂d)	551~541	JS103	白云岩	3	21.82	39.3	31.6	22.3

图2 过塔里木盆地AT40井岩心取样层4个不同方向地震解释剖面(井位置见图1)

Fig.2 Seismic profiles along four different directions passing through sampling layers of AT-40 well core, Tarim basin (drilling site see Fig.1)

图3 中国中西部三大盆地代表性样品的热退磁表现

Fig.3 Examples of typical demagnetization behaviors before tilt correction in samples collected from three basins the study area. Panel (a): Orthogonal (Zijderveld) vector plots. Panel (b): Decay of natural remanent magnetization (NRM) during thermal demagnetization.

图4 中国中西部三大盆地钻井样品磁化率各向异性(AMS)椭球赤平投影图

Fig.4 Stereographic projections of the principle axes of the ellipsoid of AMS for the samples from the Tarim (a), Ordos (b) and Sichuan (c) basins in the study area

图5 中国三大陆块古地磁数据成果与前人古地磁研究成果对比图(前人数据来自[3,7-8])

Fig.5 Comparison of paleomagnetic data between this study and previous research results (after [3,7-8] for the Tarim (a), North China (b) and South China (c) in the study area)

图6 古生代中国中西部华北、华南和塔里木三大陆块古地理位置演变陆块名称:1—伊犁地体;2—中天山地体;3—北昆仑地体;4—祁连地体;5—柴达木地体;6—印支地体;7—滇缅马苏地体;8—羌塘地体;9—拉萨地体;10—南秦岭;11—卡拉哈里;12—圣弗朗西斯科;13—蒙古;14—哈萨克斯坦。

Fig.6 Palaeogeographic evolution of the North China, South China and Tarim continental blocks during the Paleozoic

图7 古生代中国三大陆块及全球主要板块(陆块)运动轨迹

Fig.7 Migration paths of the three continental blocks of China (North China, South China and Tarim) and world's major continental blocks during the Paleozoic

图8 古生代中国三大陆块古纬度与方位变化历史

Fig.8 Variation of paleolatitude and azimuth of the North China (top), South China (middle) and Tarim blocks during the Paleozoic

图9 古生代中国三大陆块运动速率

Fig.9 Migration rates of the North China (red line), South China (green line) and Tarim (black line) blocks during the Paleozoic

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