地学前缘 ›› 2016, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (5): 146-157.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.2016.05.016

• 非常规油气资源 • 上一篇    下一篇

活动大陆构造边缘碳沥青形成与金属成矿探讨：以柴北缘滩涧山地区滩涧山群为例

 张旭, 刘成林, 徐韵, 马寅生   

  1. 1. 中国地质科学院 页岩油气调查评价重点实验室， 北京 100081
    2. 中国地质科学院 地质力学研究所， 北京 100081
    3. 中国石油大学(北京) 地球科学学院， 北京 102249
  • 收稿日期:2015-10-15 修回日期:2016-01-15 出版日期:2016-09-15 发布日期:2016-09-15
  • 通信作者: 刘成林(1970—)，男，研究员，博士生导师，主要研究方向为油气地球化学与资源评价、非常规油气地质。E-mail：lclzgx@126.com
  • 作者简介:张旭(1990—)，男，博士研究生，矿产普查与勘探专业。E-mail：xuzhangcags@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目(41272159，41572099)；中国地质调查局地质调查项目(1212011120964)

The anthraxolite generation and metal mineralization in the active continental tectonic edge: A case study of Tanjianshan group in Tanjianshan area in northern margin of Qaidam Basin.

 ZHANG  Xu, LIU  Cheng-Lin, XU  Yun, MA  Yin-Sheng   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Survey and Evaluation， Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences， Beijing 100081, China
    2. Institute of Geomechanics， Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences， Beijing 100081, China
    3. College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (Beijing)， Beijing 102249, China
  • Received:2015-10-15 Revised:2016-01-15 Online:2016-09-15 Published:2016-09-15

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摘要：

柴达木盆地滩涧山群碳沥青广泛分布，资源量大，钒、镍等金属元素含量高，已发现的金属矿床与滩涧山群分布具有较好的一致性。因此，研究滩涧山群碳沥青的形成机制，探讨其与金属矿形成相互作用，有助于对油气与金属矿产共生/共存的研究，对柴达木盆地油气资源和金属矿床的勘探研究具有重要意义。通过野外实测剖面明确碳沥青分布特征，测定碳沥青金属元素含量并进行有机地球化学分析，对碳沥青形成机制及其与金属矿伴生进行探讨。研究表明，柴达木盆地碳沥青主要分布在赛什腾山、滩涧山、茫崖石棉矿和开木齐地区。以柴北缘滩涧山地区为例，碳沥青主要赋存在滩涧山群a段灰岩和砂岩储层或与泥岩同层储存。油源对比表明碳沥青来源于滩间山群a段泥岩，母质类型为藻类等低等水生生物，形成于浅海半深水、缺氧还原的海相咸水环境中，并遭受过较强生物作用。滩涧山群碳沥青形成时的活动构造与岩浆作用有利于金属元素富集，促进烃类流体与金属元素相互作用，有机质对金属元素的初始富集或流体从外界条件萃取富集造成滩涧山地区碳沥青中部分金属元素含量高，具有很大的金属成矿潜力。

关键词: 碳沥青, 滩涧山群, 柴北缘, 金属矿床

Abstract:

Anthraxolite of Tanjianshan group, with high vanadium and nickel content, is widely deposited in the Qaidam Basin. Some metal ore deposits are distributed in good accordance with the anthraxolite's distribution. It is meaningful to study the formation mechanism of the Tanjianshan group anthraxolite and its interaction with metal minerals. That is conductive to the research and exploration of oil, gas and mineral in the Qaidam Basin. The distributional characteristics of anthraxolite of Tanjianshan group were clearly studied based on geological survey. Some metallic element contents and organic geochemical characteristics of anthraxolite were tested for studying the formation mechanism of anthraxolite and paragenesis metals in Tanjianshan group. It shows that anthraxolite is mainly deposited in Saishentengshan, Tanjianshan, Mangyashimiankuang and Kaimuqi of the Qaidam Basin. For Tanjianshan area, anthraxolite mainly occurs in the limestone and sandstone reservoirs, or mudstones. Oil source correlation shows that anthraxolite was generated by mudstones in interval A of Tanjianshan group. Parent material types of anthraxolite were derived from low grade aquatic organisms, e.g. algae, which were formed in the shallow seabathyal with anoxia and reducing condition and salt water. They have experienced relatively strong biological effects. With anthraxolite generating, active tectonic and magmatic activity were both beneficial to metal elements enrichment. And initial enrichment of organic matter on metal elements or fluid extraction from the outside conditions resulted in some high metallic elements contents in the anthraxolite. Therefore, there is great metal mineralization potential in Tanjianshan area of the Qaidam Basin.

Key words: anthraxolite, Tanjianshan group, northern margin of Qaidam Basin, metallic mineral deposit

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