Geochemical analysis of apatite and columbite-group minerals of beryl-columbite pegmatites in Ningshan, southern Qinling orogen, China

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.5.11

Abstract

Abstract:

The Ningshan pegmatite district is locate at the outer contact zone on the south side of the Ningshan granitoid batholith. It is one of the three major pegmatite districts in the Qinling orogenic belt with numerous Rb-Be-Nb-Ta pegmatite deposits. This study investigates the mineralogy of beryl-columbite pegmatites by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) methods, and determines the U-Pb ages for columbite and uraninite. The apatite (Ap) and columbite-group minerals (CGM) of the Ningshan pegmatites can each be divided into two types according to their chemical composition and mineral structural characteristics. Type I apatite (Ap-I) has relatively low Mn (MnO, 0.02%-2.27%)/Cl (0%-0.06%) contents, while type II (Ap-II) has high Mn (MnO, 14.51%-19.12%)/Cl (0.12%-0.16%) contents. Type I columbite-group minerals (CGM-I) is classified as columbite-(Fe) and type II (CGM-II) as columbite-(Fe) to tantalite-(Fe) on the classification diagram. Combining mineral composition and metasomatism characteristics, we consider that type I minerals are formed by magmatic fractional crystallization, while type II are related closely to fluid activities. The U-Pb age for CGM-I ((206.3±1.5) Ma) represents the emplacement age of pegmatites; while in situ Nd isotopic analysis suggests that Ap-I (ε_Nd, -4.3 to -2.5) is genetically associated with Late-Triassic quartz monzonite and monzonite granite in the Ningshan batholith. The above results suggest that the Ningshan beryl-columbite pegmatites experienced multi-stage fluid activities. The U-Pb age proximity between secondary uraninite ((199.2±1.5) Ma) and CGM-I implies that early-stage fluid activities are closely related to magma evolution-likely to the exsolution of residual pegmatite-forming fluids during the magmatic to hydrothermal transition. Whilst a mixing of late-stage fluids with host-rock derived external fluids is indicated by the local high residual-Mn content in CGM-II and the high Mn/Cl contents in Ap-II.

Key words: apatite, columbite group mineral, fluid activity, beryl-columbite pegmatite, Ningshan pegmatite district

CLC Number:

NIE Xiao, CHEN Lei, GUO Xianqing, YU Tao, WANG Zongqi. Geochemical analysis of apatite and columbite-group minerals of beryl-columbite pegmatites in Ningshan, southern Qinling orogen, China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2023, 30(5): 115-133.

Figures/Tables 14

Fig.1 Regional geology.(a) Location and tectonic setting of the Qinling orogenic belt.(b) Tectonic units of the middle segment，southern Qinling orogenic belt,showing the distribution of Indosinian granitoids ( adapted from[26⇓-28]).(c) Geological sketch map of the study area.

图a (a) Pegmatite outcrops showing the effect of vegetation on outcrop appearance, and (b, c) TIMA images of rock thin sections from pegmatite specimens.

Table 1 Chemical compositions (wt%) by EPMA of Ap-I from specimens of the Ningshan beryl-columbite pegmatite

Fig.3 Mineral analysis of pegmatite specimens. (a) BSE image of pegmatite specimen showing Ap-I, Ap-II and triplite occurrences. (b) EDS spectrum of Ap-I. (c) EDS spectrum of Ap-II. (d) EPMA image of apatite with Mn elemental scan. (e) EPMA image of apatite with F elemental scan.

Fig.4 (a) Representative BSE images of Ap-Ⅰ grains (circles indicate sampling points for Nd isotopic analysis), and (b) Sm-Nd isochron diagram for Ap-Ⅰ grains.

Table 2 Results of Nd isotopic analysis by LA-ICP-MS for apatite from pegmatite specimens

Fig.5 (a-d) BSE images of pegmatite specimens showing occurrences of CGM-Ⅰ/Ⅱ and inclusions Urn and Mcl in CGM-Ⅱ, and (e, f) EDS spectra of inclusions Urn and Mcl.

Fig. 6 EPMA images of pegmatite specimens showingCGM distribution patterns

Table 3 Chemical compositions (wt%) by EPMA of CC GM-I/II from pegmatite specimens

Fig.7 Genetic classification diagram for columbite-group minerals from pegmatite specimens

Fig.8 LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating data for single-grain CGM-I from pegmatite specimens. (a) Representative BSE images. (b) Tera-Wasserburg concordia diagram and weighted mean 207Pb/206Pb ages.

Table 4 LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages for CGM from pegmatite specimens

样品名	同位素比值及误差					年龄及误差/Ma
样品名	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U	1σ	rho	²⁰⁷Pb-corrected	1σ
K6145-1	0.060 74	0.001 73	0.031 41	0.000 43	0.32	197	2.7
K6145-2	0.058 46	0.003 34	0.031 68	0.000 85	0.45	199	5.4
K6145-3	0.053 10	0.001 33	0.032 12	0.000 59	0.63	203	3.7
K6145-4	0.061 38	0.003 20	0.032 52	0.000 65	0.16	204	4.1
K6145-5	0.053 73	0.001 57	0.032 39	0.000 46	0.34	205	2.9
K6145-6	0.051 47	0.001 49	0.032 31	0.000 50	0.59	205	3.2
K6145-7	0.089 15	0.004 54	0.034 05	0.000 86	0.68	206	5.3
K6145-8	0.049 75	0.002 30	0.032 41	0.000 49	0.21	206	3.1
K6145-9	0.053 81	0.002 76	0.032 59	0.000 62	0.01	206	3.9
K6145-10	0.050 16	0.001 31	0.032 49	0.000 38	0.26	206	2.4
K6145-11	0.052 79	0.001 05	0.032 61	0.000 38	0.41	206	2.4
K6145-12	0.053 12	0.002 34	0.032 67	0.000 54	0.13	207	3.4
K6145-13	0.049 57	0.001 09	0.032 57	0.000 48	0.54	207	3.0
K6145-14	0.052 13	0.001 36	0.032 70	0.000 40	0.11	207	2.5
K6145-15	0.051 48	0.001 43	0.032 73	0.000 56	0.68	207	3.5
K6145-16	0.049 70	0.001 36	0.032 68	0.000 49	0.49	207	3.1
K6145-17	0.050 96	0.001 43	0.032 75	0.000 41	0.29	208	2.6
K6145-18	0.057 64	0.002 97	0.033 19	0.000 51	0.18	209	3.3
K6145-19	0.055 79	0.002 88	0.033 34	0.000 64	0.25	210	4.1
K6145-20	0.147 02	0.003 80	0.037 70	0.000 64	0.72	210	3.7
K6145-21	0.050 68	0.002 95	0.033 19	0.000 51	0.04	210	3.3
K6145-22	0.175 33	0.005 67	0.039 42	0.000 54	0.29	211	3.4
K6145-23	0.335 93	0.004 41	0.052 59	0.000 75	0.73	214	3.8

Fig.9 LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating data for single-grain uraninite from pegmatite specimens. (a) Representative BSE images. (b) Concordia diagram. (c) Weighted mean ages.

Table 1 LA-ICP-MSU-Pb isotopic ages for uraninite from pegmatite specimens

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