Characteristics of petroleum hydrocarbon-polluted karst groundwater environment: A case study of groundwater source in Dawu, Zibo City, northern China

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.1.23

Abstract

Abstract:

Karst aquifers are the main source of water in northern China. Here, the Dawu karst aquifer, located in Zibo City, Shandong Province, China, is selected to study the environmental characteristics of groundwater pollution due to petroleum hydrocarbons contamination, which would provide scientific guidance for sustainable utilization of karst groundwater resources and lay the foundation for studying the evolution of karst groundwater environment. Groundwater level, temperature, pH, Eh, DO, $NO 3 -$ , $SO 4 2 -$ , $HCO 3 -$ , Cl^-, trichloromethane, 1,2-dichloropropane, 1,2,3-trichloropropane, tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene and ΣVOCs are selected as the hydrogeochemical indicators. Isotope technique, multivariable statistical method, graphical method and other methods are used to analyze the interrelationships among the hydrogeochemical indicators, in order to reveal the pollution processes and their influencing factors. Hydrodynamic field and environmental conditions in the aquifer are suitable for biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons. The occurrences of aerobic and anaerobic respiration without methanogenic activities are demonstrated by hydrogeochemical indicators and isotopes. Although ΣVOC is the small part of DOC in the groundwater system, petroleum hydrocarbons are one of the most important factors influencing groundwater environment contributing 33.93% groundwater DIC on average. Thus, a comprehensive evaluation of the chemical characteristics of petroleum hydrocarbons-polluted groundwater can help to better understand the mechanisms influencing groundwater environment.

Key words: petroleum hydrocarbons, hydrogeochemical indicators, interrelationships

CLC Number:

X54
P641.12

GUO Yongli, XIAO Qiong, ZHANG Cheng, WU Qing. Characteristics of petroleum hydrocarbon-polluted karst groundwater environment: A case study of groundwater source in Dawu, Zibo City, northern China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2023, 30(2): 539-547.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig.1 The study area. (a) the schematic hydrogeological map and sampling points, (b) the hydrogeological section map from point A to point B

Table 1 Detection rate of VOC and percentage of VOC in total VOCs of groundwater monitoring wells located at the contamination site

序号	检出组分	检出率/%	百分比/%	序号	检出组分	检出率/%	百分比/%
1	三氯甲烷	100.00	47.34	9	1,1-二氯乙烯	50.00	0.90
2	1,2-二氯丙烷	100.00	3.16	10	1,2-二氯乙烷	33.33	0.29
3	1,2,3-三氯丙烷	100.00	0.94	11	顺-1,2-二氯乙烯	33.33	0.74
4	四氯乙烯	100.00	2.20	12	1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷	16.67	0.84
5	三氯乙烯	100.00	2.60	13	二氯甲烷	16.67	0.82
6	1,1-二氯乙烷	83.33	10.49	14	反-1,2-二氯乙烯	16.67	0.61
7	1,1,2-三氯乙烷	83.33	24.64	15	氯苯	16.67	0.04
8	四氯化碳	50.00	4.40

Fig.2 Variation curves of precipitation and groundwater levels in monitoring wells over time

Fig.3 Spatio-temporal variation characteristics of groundwater levels

Fig.4 Spatial distribution maps of ΣVOCs, DO, NO 3 -, SO 4 2 -, HCO 3 - and Cl-

Table 2 Minimum, maximum and average values of groundwater environment indexes

指标	t/℃	pH		Eh/mv		c_B/(mg·L^-1)
指标	t/℃	pH		Eh/mv		DO		Cl^-		$SO 4 2 -$		$HCO 3 -$		$NO 3 -$
最小值	15.72	6.78		150.1		2.72		59.95		75.23		242.88		34.79
最大值	25.85	7.46		209.3		9.25		159.72		191.8		302.71		78
平均值	20.13	7.13		181.3		6.44		106.04		122.81		277.79		53.44
指标	DOC /(mg∙L^-1)		c_B/(μg∙L^-1)
指标	DOC /(mg∙L^-1)		三氯甲烷		1,2-二氯丙烷		1,2,3-三氯丙烷		四氯乙烯		三氯乙烯		ΣVOCs
最小值	0.65		0.49		0.24		0.23		0.34		0.28		2.66
最大值	1.79		268		15.82		3.99		11.44		14.24		547.96
平均值	1.25		50.65		4.17		2.19		3.45		4.3		111.61

Table 2 Minimum, maximum and average values of groundwater environment indexes

指标	t/℃	pH		Eh/mv		c_B/(mg·L^-1)
指标	t/℃	pH		Eh/mv		DO		Cl^-		$SO 4 2 -$		$HCO 3 -$		$NO 3 -$
最小值	15.72	6.78		150.1		2.72		59.95		75.23		242.88		34.79
最大值	25.85	7.46		209.3		9.25		159.72		191.8		302.71		78
平均值	20.13	7.13		181.3		6.44		106.04		122.81		277.79		53.44
指标	DOC /(mg∙L^-1)		c_B/(μg∙L^-1)
指标	DOC /(mg∙L^-1)		三氯甲烷		1,2-二氯丙烷		1,2,3-三氯丙烷		四氯乙烯		三氯乙烯		ΣVOCs
最小值	0.65		0.49		0.24		0.23		0.34		0.28		2.66
最大值	1.79		268		15.82		3.99		11.44		14.24		547.96
平均值	1.25		50.65		4.17		2.19		3.45		4.3		111.61

Fig.5 Relationship between DIC and δ13CDIC of sampling points. The dotted lines were the occurrent processes in the groundwater system

Fig.6 Relationships maps of ΣVOCs vs δ13CDOC (a) and DOC vs δ13CDOC (b)

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