Spatial differences in soil nutrient trace element concentrations in a typical agricultural area of the southern Loess Plateau

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.12.129

Abstract

Abstract:

The Loess Plateau is one of the core dryland agricultural areas in China, and exploring the spatial distribution of soil trace elements and their influencing factors in a typical agricultural area of the Loess Plateau is important for improving production efficiency and effectiveness of farmland ecological protection. In this study, a spatial interpolation based on field soil sampling was adopted to determine the spatial distribution characteristics of five soil trace elements, namely, Mo, Ge, Zn, Mn and Cu. Soil composite index calculation with reference to documents related to geochemistry of land quality. The relevant documents related to soil nutrient classification were referred to for calculating comprehensive nutrient indices. Finally, the influencing factors were analyzed in combination with various natural and social factors, and recommendations for soil trace element monitoring and regulation were proposed. The results showed that the contents of five trace elements in the study area were relatively deficient. The values of Mo varied greatly showing a northeast-southwest spatial distribution, while the concentrations of other elements were generally greatest in the east and north. Most elements generally decreased with increasing distance to roads and settlements or increased closer to the Yellow River, and decreased with increasing soil moisture or lower altitude. The contents of various elements generally decreased in the order Cinnamon soil>Calcic cinnamon soil>Loessial soil>Alluvial soil. Studying the spatial distribution of soil trace elements helps researchers understand the richness or deficiency status and can provide a reference for soil trace element monitoring and regulation.

Key words: soil trace elements, Loess Plateau, typical agricultural area, spatial differentiation

CLC Number:

S151

WANG Hongyu, WANG Juan, MA Rongrong, ZHOU Wei. Spatial differences in soil nutrient trace element concentrations in a typical agricultural area of the southern Loess Plateau[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2025, 32(5): 511-523.

Figures/Tables 14

References 39

[1]	JANSSEN B H, DE WILLIGEN P. Ideal and saturated soil fertility as bench marks in nutrient management 1. outline of the framework[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2006, 116(1/2): 132-146.
[2]	UWIRAGIYE Y, et al.JUNIOR YANNICK NGABA M, ZHAO M Z, Modelling and mapping soil nutrient depletion in humid Highlands of East Africa using ensemble machine learning: a case study from Rwanda[J]. Catena, 2022, 217: 106499.
[3]	WANG S, ZHUANG Q L, JIN X X, et al. Predicting soil organic carbon and soil nitrogen stocks in topsoil of forest ecosystems in northeastern China using remote sensing data[J]. Remote Sensing, 2020, 12(7): 1115.
[4]	GUO Y Y, DU E Z, LI B H, et al. Significant urban hotspots of atmospheric trace element deposition and potential effects on urban soil pollution in China[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2023, 415: 137872.
[5]	MARKS J A, PERAKIS S S, KING E K, et al. Soil organic matter regulates molybdenum storage and mobility in forests[J]. Biogeochemistry, 2015, 125(2): 167-183.
[6]	SUN W G, SELIM H M. Molybdenum-phosphate retention and transport in soils[J]. Geoderma, 2017, 308: 60-68.
[7]	颜明娟, 陈贤玉, 曹榕彬, 等. 福建典型白茶产区茶园土壤锰锌形态特征及其影响因素[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(5): 885-895.
[8]	SHARMA B D, BRAR J S, CHANAY J K, et al. Distribution of forms of copper and their association with soil properties and uptake in major soil orders in semi-arid soils of punjab, India[J]. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 2015, 46(4): 511-527.
[9]	XIANG M T, LI Y, YANG J Y, et al. Heavy metal contamination risk assessment and correlation analysis of heavy metal contents in soil and crops[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2021, 278: 116911.
[10]	ZHOU W X, HAN G L, LIU M, et al. Vertical distribution and controlling factors exploration of Sc, V, Co, Ni, Mo and Ba in six soil profiles of the mun river basin, northeast Thailand[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020, 17(5): 1745.
[11]	QIAO P W, WANG S, LI J B, et al. Process, influencing factors, and simulation of the lateral transport of heavy metals in surface runoff in a mining area driven by rainfall: a review[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2023, 857: 159119.
[12]	JING X, CHEN X, FANG J Y, et al. Soil microbial carbon and nutrient constraints are driven more by climate and soil physicochemical properties than by nutrient addition in forest ecosystems[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2020, 141: 107657.
[13]	BRODOWSKA M S, WYSZKOWSKI M, BUJANOWICZ-HARAŚ B. Mineral fertilization and maize cultivation as factors which determine the content of trace elements in soil[J]. Agronomy, 2022, 12(2): 286.
[14]	WANG Y Z, DUAN X J, WANG L. Spatial distribution and source analysis of heavy metals in soils influenced by industrial enterprise distribution: case study in Jiangsu Province[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020, 710: 134953.
[15]	XIAO J, WANG L Q, DENG L, et al. Characteristics, sources, water quality and health risk assessment of trace elements in river water and well water in the Chinese Loess Plateau[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 650: 2004-2012.
[16]	HONG K Z, SHI Z X, SHENG Z G. Agricultural sustainability in a sensitive environment: a case analysis of Loess Plateau in China[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2002, 91(3): 357-366.
[17]	胥刚, 任继周, 冯琦胜, 等. 黄土高原农业溯源[J]. 草业科学, 2015, 32(10): 1695-1701.
[18]	ZHANG Y H, WANG R, PENG X X, et al. Changes in soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in apple orchards in different climate regions on the Loess Plateau[J]. Catena, 2021, 197: 104989.
[19]	JIANG W Y, CHENG Y F, YANG X X, et al. Chinese Loess Plateau vegetation since the Last Glacial Maximum and its implications for vegetation restoration[J]. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2013, 50(2): 440-448.
[20]	GUO Y L, ZHAO Z F, YUAN S W, et al. A greener Loess Plateau in the future: moderate warming will expand the potential distribution areas of woody species[J]. Environmental Research Letters, 2023, 18(3): 034027.
[21]	LIU Y M, CHEN S L, VON COSSEL M, et al. Evaluating the suitability of marginal land for a perennial energy crop on the Loess Plateau of China[J]. GCB Bioenergy, 2021, 13(9): 1388-1406.
[22]	CHEN Z J, WANG L, WEI A S, et al. Land-use change from arable lands to orchards reduced soil erosion and increased nutrient loss in a small catchment[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 648: 1097-1104.
[23]	顾思博, 周金龙, 曾妍妍, 等. 绿洲农田土壤微量营养元素的空间变异性研究: 以新疆于田县为例[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2020, 34(3): 118-123.
[24]	ZHANG L, WANG L, YIN K D, et al. Environmental-geochemical characteristics of Cu in the soil and water in copper-rich deposit area of southeastern Hubei Province, along the middle Yangtze River, Central China[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2009, 157(11): 2957-2963.
[25]	安永龙, 殷秀兰, 金爱芳, 等. 河北张家口市某种植区土壤营养元素生态化学计量与空间分异特征[J]. 地质通报, 2023, 42(增刊1): 443-459.
[26]	FARSHADIRAD A, HOSSEINPUR A, MOTAGHIAN H. Distribution and availability of copper in aggregate size fractions of some calcareous soils[J]. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2019, 19(4): 1866-1874.
[27]	BEHERA S K, SINGH M V, SINGH K N, et al. Distribution variability of total and extractable zinc in cultivated acid soils of India and their relationship with some selected soil properties[J]. Geoderma, 2011, 162(3/4): 242-250.
[28]	WANG G D, JIANG M, WANG M. Coastal salt marsh restoration drives element composition of soils toward its original state by recovering soil organic matter[J]. Land Degradation and Development, 2022, 33(4): 649-657.
[29]	WANG L Q, LIANG T, CHONG Z Y, et al. Effects of soil type on leaching and runoff transport of rare earth elements and phosphorous in laboratory experiments[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2011, 18(1): 38-45.
[30]	WANG X Q, ZHANG H Y, ZHANG Z Z, et al. Reinforced soil salinization with distance along the river: a case study of the Yellow River Basin[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2023, 279: 108184.
[31]	XIANG Y F, WAN D J, WANG C R, et al. Spatial distribution and migration of lead and zinc and the influence of parent materials in typical paddy soils of Hunan Province, China[J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2023, 195(12): 1488.
[32]	YANG B L, SHAN J H, XING F G, et al. Distribution, accumulation, migration and risk assessment of trace elements in peanut-soil system[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2022, 304: 119193.
[33]	杨莹莹, 王冬艳. 土壤微量元素与苹果梨品质相关研究[J]. 吉林农业大学学报, 2016, 38(1): 45-52.
[34]	LI Z, LIANG D L, PENG Q, et al. Interaction between selenium and soil organic matter and its impact on soil selenium bioavailability: a review[J]. Geoderma, 2017, 295: 69-79.
[35]	CUI H B, WANG Q Y, ZHANG X, et al. Aging reduces the bioavailability of copper and cadmium in soil immobilized by biochars with various concentrations of endogenous metals[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2021, 797: 149136.
[36]	BRAND E, LIJZEN J, PEIJNENBURG W, et al. Possibilities of implementation of bioavailability methods for organic contaminants in the Dutch Soil Quality Assessment Framework[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2013, 261: 833-839.
[37]	LIN K, YANG Z F, YU T, et al. Enrichment mechanisms of Mo in soil in the Karst region Guangxi, China[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2023, 255: 114808.
[38]	GONZALEZ IBARRA A A, YANEZ BARRIENTOS E, WROBEL K, et al. Effect of copper and molybdenum in nutrient solution on Cu, Mo, Fe, Mg, Ca, Zn, Na, K status in sunflower[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 2023, 46(5): 714-730.
[39]	FEI X F, LOU Z H, XIAO R, et al. Source analysis and source-oriented risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in agricultural soils of different cultivated land qualities[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2022, 341: 130942.

数据名称	来源	网址
Sentinel-2	欧空局哥白尼数据中心	https://scihub.copernicus.eu/
土壤类型	地理科学生态网	http://www.csdn.store/
DEM	地理空间数据云	https://www.gscloud.cn/
黄河范围	资源环境科学与数据中心	https://www.resdc.cn/
居民点
行政边界
道路	OpenStreetMap	https://openmaptiles.org/

数据名称	来源	网址
Sentinel-2	欧空局哥白尼数据中心	https://scihub.copernicus.eu/
土壤类型	地理科学生态网	http://www.csdn.store/
DEM	地理空间数据云	https://www.gscloud.cn/
黄河范围	资源环境科学与数据中心	https://www.resdc.cn/
居民点
行政边界
道路	OpenStreetMap	https://openmaptiles.org/

等级	含量/(mg·kg^-1)
等级	Mo	Ge	Zn	Mn	Cu
Ⅰ/X1	0.85	1.5	84	700	29
Ⅱ/X2	0.65~0.85	1.4~1.5	71~84	600~700	24~29
Ⅲ/X3	0.55~0.65	1.3~1.4	62~71	500~600	21~24
Ⅳ/X4	0.45~0.55	1.2~1.3	50~62	375~500	16~21
Ⅴ/X5	0.45	1.2	50	375	16

等级	含量/(mg·kg^-1)
等级	Mo	Ge	Zn	Mn	Cu
Ⅰ/X1	0.85	1.5	84	700	29
Ⅱ/X2	0.65~0.85	1.4~1.5	71~84	600~700	24~29
Ⅲ/X3	0.55~0.65	1.3~1.4	62~71	500~600	21~24
Ⅳ/X4	0.45~0.55	1.2~1.3	50~62	375~500	16~21
Ⅴ/X5	0.45	1.2	50	375	16

土壤类型	分段中断值
土壤类型	NDVI	Wet	DEM/m	与黄河距离/km	与居民点距离/km	与道路距离/km
石灰性褐土、褐土、黄绵土、冲积土	0.2	0.05	400	1	0.5	0.5
	0.3	0.15	500	5	1	1
	0.4	0.25	600	10	2	2
	0.5	0.35	700	15	5	5