The thermal status of China’s land areas and heat-control factors

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.10.13

Abstract

Abstract:

The thermal state of a region is crucial for understanding the main source of geothermal heat flow in the region, which help to solve the basic problem of regional heat source, and provide a basis for the study of the regional geothermal resources. Based on the regional geothermal measurements and deep borehole temperature logging carried out in China in recent years, this paper analyzes the crust-to-mantle heat flow ratio in China’s land area and divides the land area into four geothermal zonal types, namely high-temperature geothermal zone with a crustal heat source, medium- and low-temperature geothermal zone with a mantle heat source, low-temperature geothermal equilibrium zone with a crust-mantle heat source, and medium- and high-temperature geothermal equilibrium zone with a crust-mantle heat source. On this basis, typical geothermal zones—such as the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, the Tengchong area, the southeastern coastal area, and the North China Basin—are selected to systematically analyze the basin-scale regional thermal state and its main controlling factors, such as the characteristics of the regional geothermal field, the distribution of heat flow, and the crustal-mantle thermal structure. The paper summarizes the deep and shallow geologic factors affecting the regional thermal state—including crust-mantle architecture, tectono-thermal events, stratigraphic lithology, fracture structure, etc.—and establishes multilevel controlling factors of regional thermal states, providing a scientific basis for the geothermal resource exploration and heat source condition analysis in different regions.

Key words: heat flow, crust-mantle heat flow ratio, geothermal field characteristics, thermal control factors

CLC Number:

P314
P641

WANG Guiling, LIN Wenjing. The thermal status of China’s land areas and heat-control factors[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(6): 1-18.

Figures/Tables 15

References 76

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类型	主要地热区	q_c/q_m	大地热流值q/ (mW·m^-2)	壳源热流值q_c/ (mW·m^-2)	幔源热流值q_m/ (mW·m^-2)	主要热储温度/℃	热储分布范围
沉积盆地传导型	松辽盆地	0.6~1.0	55~70	20~30	30~40	25~90	区内大面积分布, 有多个主要热储层
	华北平原	0.6~1.0	55~85	15~35	30~50	25~120
	关中平原	0.8~1.0	65~75	20~30	30~50	25~90
	下辽河盆地	0.4~0.6	65~70	15~25	40~50	25~60	区内大面积分布, 热储层较单一或非主要储层面积较小
	河淮盆地	0.6~1.0	55~60	15~30	30~50	40~60
	苏北盆地	0.6~0.8	65~75	20~30	40~50	40~60
	江汉盆地	0.6~1.0	50~60	25~35	20~40	25~90
隆起山地对流型	辽东半岛	0.6~1.0	55~65	15~25	30~50	25~90	沿断裂呈带状分布
	胶东半岛	0.6~0.8	65~75	15~25	40~60	25~90
	燕山—太行山	0.4~1.2	45~65	15~30	20~40	25~90

类型	主要地热区	q_c/q_m	大地热流值q/ (mW·m^-2)	壳源热流值q_c/ (mW·m^-2)	幔源热流值q_m/ (mW·m^-2)	主要热储温度/℃	热储分布范围
沉积盆地传导型	松辽盆地	0.6~1.0	55~70	20~30	30~40	25~90	区内大面积分布, 有多个主要热储层
	华北平原	0.6~1.0	55~85	15~35	30~50	25~120
	关中平原	0.8~1.0	65~75	20~30	30~50	25~90
	下辽河盆地	0.4~0.6	65~70	15~25	40~50	25~60	区内大面积分布, 热储层较单一或非主要储层面积较小
	河淮盆地	0.6~1.0	55~60	15~30	30~50	40~60
	苏北盆地	0.6~0.8	65~75	20~30	40~50	40~60
	江汉盆地	0.6~1.0	50~60	25~35	20~40	25~90
隆起山地对流型	辽东半岛	0.6~1.0	55~65	15~25	30~50	25~90	沿断裂呈带状分布
	胶东半岛	0.6~0.8	65~75	15~25	40~60	25~90
	燕山—太行山	0.4~1.2	45~65	15~30	20~40	25~90

序号	钻孔名称	东经/(°)	北纬/(°)	钻孔深度/m	测温深度/m	主要岩性	热流计算段深度/m	地温梯度/ (℃·km^-1)	热流/ (mW·m^-2)
1	腾冲	98.483 333	25.033 333	600	600	花岗岩、玄武岩	0~600	39.2	118.1
2	地热大队	98.5	24.983 333	600	97	玄武岩	30~70	51.9	88.88
3^*	TCKZ	98.492 714	25.213 889	1 222.24	1 200	火山岩、花岗岩	0~1 200	42.2	109.7
4^*	ZH01	98.607 952	25.241 438	1 980.18	1 900	花岗岩	0~1 140	40.6	105.6

序号	钻孔名称	东经/(°)	北纬/(°)	钻孔深度/m	测温深度/m	主要岩性	热流计算段深度/m	地温梯度/ (℃·km^-1)	热流/ (mW·m^-2)
1	腾冲	98.483 333	25.033 333	600	600	花岗岩、玄武岩	0~600	39.2	118.1
2	地热大队	98.5	24.983 333	600	97	玄武岩	30~70	51.9	88.88
3^*	TCKZ	98.492 714	25.213 889	1 222.24	1 200	火山岩、花岗岩	0~1 200	42.2	109.7
4^*	ZH01	98.607 952	25.241 438	1 980.18	1 900	花岗岩	0~1 140	40.6	105.6

钻孔编号	构造位置	经度/(°)	纬度/(°)	终孔深度/m	终孔地层	基岩深度/m	孔底温度/℃	热流/(mW·m^-2)
GRY1-SD	陈庄潜凸	118.55	37.67	2 500.58	新太古界泰山岩群	1 243	104.2	71.9
GRY1-HB	沧县隆起	116.18	38.21	4 025.82	长城系高于庄组	1 326.6	107.5	59.7
D35	高阳低凸起	115.94	38.87	3 853	蓟县系雾迷山组	3 660	120.88	57.0
M-1	马头营凸起	118.70	39.20	4 500	太古宇变质岩系	1 376	157	73.0
M-5	马头营凸起	118.76	39.20	4 000	太古宇变质岩系	1 401.5	120.32	64.8