Recent advances in heat flow measurement and new understanding of terrestrial heat flow distribution in terrestrial areas of China

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.7.8

Abstract

Abstract:

Terrestrial heat flow is a key parameter in geothermal researches. Building upon the analyses of previously compiled terrestrial heat flow data, this paper examines the newly measured (260 sets), collected and screened (112 sets) data by authors since 2016. The added heat flow data effectively filled large data gaps in the southwest, northwest and northeast and improved the data density in the eastern region of China mainland. The proportion of high-quality data was improved to 86.3%. Using the latest data the calculated average terrestrial heat flow in China was 63.8 mW/m², higher than the national average value in the fourth compilation, with higher average values found for most of the primary and secondary tectonic units of China and lower values for the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The statistics of heat-flow data of typical geothermal systems showed that high average heat flow conditions could significantly improve the distribution range of conductive geothermal resources and the output temperature of hot springs, but were not a controlling factor for the formation of the two types of geothermal resources. Based on the latest terrestrial heat flow data and contour map of China related phenomena and problems were discussed, such as the increase of low heat flow area in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the “overestimation” of early heat flow data in the North China Plain, and the existence of heat flow indicator magma sacs in the Changbai Mountain. It was noted that heat flow monitoring stations in China were still relatively few, and, with the continuous updating and standardization of the measurement methods, plus further improvements in data quantity/quality and sampling locations, the previously assessed regional heat flow characteristics might need to be re-examined. This study deepens the understanding of the status of terrestrial heat flow in China, and can provide better support for regional geothermal basic research and resource exploration.

Key words: terrestrial heat flow, land areas of China, conductive geothermal resources, convective geothermal resources

CLC Number:

P314

LIU Feng, WANG Guiling, JIANG Guangzheng, HU Shengbiao, ZHANG Wei, LIN Wenjing, LIU Jinhui, ZHANG Xinyong, QU Zewei, LIAO Chuanzhi. Recent advances in heat flow measurement and new understanding of terrestrial heat flow distribution in terrestrial areas of China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(6): 19-30.

Figures/Tables 9

References 45

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序号	地热地质条件		盆地名称		大地热流测点数量	大地热流/(mW·m^-2)
序号	地热地质条件		盆地名称		大地热流测点数量	数值范围	平均值	中值
1	较好		华北平原		99	46.50~113.90	70.77	68.50
2			松辽盆地		50	38.73~99.97	66.63	66.27
3			苏北盆地		77	45.70~109.70	67.16	66.50
4			下辽河盆地		42	43.50~93.80	65.10	65.30
5			河淮盆地		121	29.70~89.60	56.12	56.90
6			关中平原		31	59.50~88.60	71.50	71.79
7			汾河谷地		16	31.35~97.56	60.35	56.42
8			共和盆地		10	91.84~157.12	111.71	115.94
9			河套平原		9	65.90~85.80	74.46	71.80
10		一般		贵德盆地	3	74.00~79.50	76.50	76.00
11				四川盆地	77	32.80~73.80	53.59	54.00
12				鄂尔多斯盆地	75	34.80~88.71	64.63	65.50
13				江汉平原	14	41.90~66.40	53.59	53.10
14				塔里木盆地	92	26.20~77.00	44.17	43.30
15				准噶尔盆地	45	30.20~56.10	43.14	42.60
16				柴达木盆地	67	32.00~75.00	55.05	54.90
17				银川平原	2	56.10~57.78	56.94
18				西宁盆地	1	48.00	48.00	48.00
19		尚未探获地热资源		二连盆地	24	38.25~102.47	68.85	69.47
20				沁水盆地	13	45.50~93.10	65.22	66.70
21				三江平原	5	38.27~64.72	46.52	43.90
22				银额盆地	10	65.90~99.30	76.94	73.95
23				吐哈盆地	6	40.00~52.00	44.23	42.75

序号	地热地质条件		盆地名称		大地热流测点数量	大地热流/(mW·m^-2)
序号	地热地质条件		盆地名称		大地热流测点数量	数值范围	平均值	中值
1	较好		华北平原		99	46.50~113.90	70.77	68.50
2			松辽盆地		50	38.73~99.97	66.63	66.27
3			苏北盆地		77	45.70~109.70	67.16	66.50
4			下辽河盆地		42	43.50~93.80	65.10	65.30
5			河淮盆地		121	29.70~89.60	56.12	56.90
6			关中平原		31	59.50~88.60	71.50	71.79
7			汾河谷地		16	31.35~97.56	60.35	56.42
8			共和盆地		10	91.84~157.12	111.71	115.94
9			河套平原		9	65.90~85.80	74.46	71.80
10		一般		贵德盆地	3	74.00~79.50	76.50	76.00
11				四川盆地	77	32.80~73.80	53.59	54.00
12				鄂尔多斯盆地	75	34.80~88.71	64.63	65.50
13				江汉平原	14	41.90~66.40	53.59	53.10
14				塔里木盆地	92	26.20~77.00	44.17	43.30
15				准噶尔盆地	45	30.20~56.10	43.14	42.60
16				柴达木盆地	67	32.00~75.00	55.05	54.90
17				银川平原	2	56.10~57.78	56.94
18				西宁盆地	1	48.00	48.00	48.00
19		尚未探获地热资源		二连盆地	24	38.25~102.47	68.85	69.47
20				沁水盆地	13	45.50~93.10	65.22	66.70
21				三江平原	5	38.27~64.72	46.52	43.90
22				银额盆地	10	65.90~99.30	76.94	73.95
23				吐哈盆地	6	40.00~52.00	44.23	42.75

序号	温度范围	对流型地热异常区带名称	大地热流测点数量	大地热流/(mW·m^-2)
序号	温度范围	对流型地热异常区带名称	大地热流测点数量	数值范围	平均值	中值
1	热水(泉口温度 >60℃为主)	西藏—川西—滇西水热活动带	31	43.00~158.12	84.82	77.10
2		腾冲—临沧水热活动带	2	88.80~118.10	103.45
3		滇东水热活动带	10	64.10~92.10	75.01	71.20
4		东南沿海地热异常区	56	41.00~179.23	72.52	69.60
5		台湾地热异常区	62	42.00~138.00	79.77	77.50
6		赣南地热异常区	15	58.60~93.80	73.71	74.60
7		长白山地热异常区	4	70.92~78.00	75.48	76.50
10	温水—温热水 (泉口温度25~ 60 ℃为主)	胶东半岛水热活动带	14	46.50~91.50	62.10	63.25
11		辽东半岛水热活动带	48	32.10~105.00	61.36	59.30
12		上扬子陆块地热异常区	36	44.57~95.42	62.72	59.24
13		燕山周边地热异常区	29	35.25~84.00	53.99	50.88

序号	温度范围	对流型地热异常区带名称	大地热流测点数量	大地热流/(mW·m^-2)
序号	温度范围	对流型地热异常区带名称	大地热流测点数量	数值范围	平均值	中值
1	热水(泉口温度 >60℃为主)	西藏—川西—滇西水热活动带	31	43.00~158.12	84.82	77.10
2		腾冲—临沧水热活动带	2	88.80~118.10	103.45
3		滇东水热活动带	10	64.10~92.10	75.01	71.20
4		东南沿海地热异常区	56	41.00~179.23	72.52	69.60
5		台湾地热异常区	62	42.00~138.00	79.77	77.50
6		赣南地热异常区	15	58.60~93.80	73.71	74.60
7		长白山地热异常区	4	70.92~78.00	75.48	76.50
10	温水—温热水 (泉口温度25~ 60 ℃为主)	胶东半岛水热活动带	14	46.50~91.50	62.10	63.25
11		辽东半岛水热活动带	48	32.10~105.00	61.36	59.30
12		上扬子陆块地热异常区	36	44.57~95.42	62.72	59.24
13		燕山周边地热异常区	29	35.25~84.00	53.99	50.88