Genetic mechanism of Late Carboniferous intermediate-acid volcanic rocks in southern West Junggar and its constraints on the closure of the Junggar Ocean

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.5.30

Abstract

Abstract:

Carboniferous magmatic rocks are exclusively discovered in West Junggar, and investigating their petrogenesis and geodynamic mechanisms can offer crucial insights into understanding the Late Paleozoic tectonic framework, evolutionary history, and the closure of the Junggar Ocean. This study presents petrological, geochronological, and geochemical data on Late Carboniferous intermediate-acid volcanic rocks, including andesite, dacitic andesite, rhyolitic dacite porphyry, and rhyolite in the Hala’alate Mountain of southern West Junggar, aiming to elucidate their genetic mechanisms. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of andesite and rhyolite revealed crystallization ages of 308-305 million years ago, indicating the presence of middle to late Late Carboniferous volcanic rocks in West Junggar. These volcanic rocks are geochemically characterized by enrichment in light rare earth elements and large ion lithophile elements, as well as depletion in high field strength elements (such as Nb, Ta). They exhibit high sodium content and low potassium content, falling within the low-K tholeiitic to medium-K calc-alkaline series, resembling island arc volcanic rocks.The andesite and dacitic andesite have high content of SiO₂ (56.15%-66.13%), Al₂O₃ (16.03%-17.94%), Na₂O (3.44%-5.59%), Sr (364-576)×10^-6, high Na₂O/K₂O (3.20-6.40) and Sr/Y (33.5-55.6) ratios, and also exhibit low content of MgO (1.59%-2.68%), Y (10.0-16.0)×10^-6 and Yb (1.08-1.83)×10^-6 with positive Eu anomalies (δEu=1.09-1.22), showing some features of typical adakite in arc settings, and are believed to be derived from the partial melting of subducted oceanic crust in garnet amphibolite-facies without significant interaction with the overlying mantle wedge. Rhyolitic dacite porphyry and rhyolite have high content of SiO₂ (69.59%-75.03%) and total alkali (Na₂O+K₂O: 7.81%-8.89%), and very low content of TFe₂O₃ (0.94%-1.57%) and MgO (0.12%-0.97%) with weak negative Eu anomalies (δEu=0.63-1.00), indicating that they are metaluminous I-type rhyolites, and are probably originated from the partial melting of basaltic lower crust, with addition of a small amount of mantle-derived materials. The findings presented, combined with previously published research in the region, suggest that an island arc-back-arc basin evolutionary system persisted in the study area during the late Late Carboniferous. Furthermore, the closure of the Junggar Ocean in southern West Junggar likely occurred later than the early Early Permian.

Key words: island arc volcanic rocks, Late Carboniferous, arc-basin system, southern West Junggar, Junggar Ocean

CLC Number:

ZHI Qian, REN Rui, DUAN Fenghao, HUANG Jiaxuan, ZHU Zhao, ZHANG Xinyuan, LI Yongjun. Genetic mechanism of Late Carboniferous intermediate-acid volcanic rocks in southern West Junggar and its constraints on the closure of the Junggar Ocean[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(3): 40-58.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig.1 Regional geological map of the southern West Junggar. Modified after [28].

Fig.2 Regional geological map of the Hala’alate Mountain in the southern West Junggar. Modified after [52].

Fig.3 Hand specimen and micrograph imagines (orthogonal polarized light) of intermediate-acid volcanic rocks in Hala’alate Formation. a,b—Andesite; c,d—Dacitic andesite; e,f—Rhyolitic dacite porphyry; g,i—Rhyolite; Pl—Plagioclase; Qtz—Quartz.

Table 1 Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb isotopic analysis of rhyolite in Hala’alate Formation

测点	同位素比值及误差						同位素年龄及误差/Ma						w_B/10^-6		Th/U
测点	²⁰⁷Pb/ ²⁰⁶Pb	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/ ²³⁵U	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/ ²³⁸U	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/ ²⁰⁶Pb	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/ ²³⁵U	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/ ²³⁸U	1σ	Th	U	Th/U
01	0.052 35	0.001 10	0.352 10	0.006 95	0.048 91	0.000 53	301	26	306	5	308	3	276	351	0.79
02	0.052 01	0.001 23	0.346 65	0.007 75	0.048 45	0.000 55	286	31	302	6	305	3	112	261	0.43
03	0.054 50	0.000 97	0.363 95	0.006 05	0.048 54	0.000 49	392	20	315	5	306	3	153	465	0.33
04	0.052 34	0.001 05	0.349 39	0.006 53	0.048 51	0.000 51	300	24	304	5	305	3	175	369	0.47
05	0.052 34	0.001 14	0.351 27	0.007 19	0.048 76	0.000 53	300	27	306	5	307	3	114	280	0.41
06	0.054 32	0.000 93	0.369 57	0.005 87	0.049 40	0.000 48	384	38	319	4	311	3	216	531	0.41
07	0.051 95	0.000 90	0.347 57	0.005 58	0.048 57	0.000 47	283	39	303	4	306	3	229	631	0.36
08	0.051 61	0.001 00	0.347 16	0.006 27	0.048 84	0.000 50	268	44	303	5	307	3	162	421	0.38
09	0.052 82	0.000 87	0.361 67	0.005 45	0.049 70	0.000 47	321	37	314	4	313	3	253	601	0.42
10	0.052 83	0.001 15	0.358 45	0.007 29	0.049 24	0.000 52	322	49	311	5	310	3	72.0	310	0.23
11	0.053 08	0.001 24	0.362 43	0.007 94	0.049 55	0.000 54	332	52	314	6	312	3	85.8	243	0.35
12	0.052 62	0.000 87	0.359 19	0.005 44	0.049 54	0.000 47	313	37	312	4	312	3	340	637	0.53
13	0.053 67	0.001 10	0.361 74	0.006 90	0.048 91	0.000 50	357	46	314	5	308	3	95.3	295	0.32
14	0.053 32	0.001 07	0.364 92	0.006 82	0.049 66	0.000 51	343	45	316	5	313	3	201	418	0.48
15	0.052 54	0.001 06	0.353 76	0.006 64	0.048 86	0.000 50	309	45	308	5	308	3	138	366	0.38
16	0.053 35	0.000 84	0.366 97	0.005 23	0.049 92	0.000 46	344	35	317	4	314	3	454	927	0.49

Fig.4 Zircon U-Pb diagrams for rhyolite (a,b) and andesite (c,d) in Hala’alate Formation. Age data for andesite are from [37].

Table 2 The concentrations of major elements (%) and trace elements (10-6) for intermediate-acid volcanic rocks in Hala’alate Formation

Fig.5 (Na2O+K2O)-SiO2 (a after [70]), Zr/TiO2-SiO2 (b after [71]) and K2O-SiO2(c after [72]) diagrams for intermediate-acid volcanic rocks in Hala’alate Formation. Data of 322-312 Ma adakitic intrusive rocks in southern West Junggar are from [17,49,61⇓⇓-64]. Data of 320-310 Ma calc-alkalic adakitic I-type granitoids in southern West Junggar are from [23,65⇓⇓⇓-69]. Data sources in flowing Fig.6, Fig.7, Fig.9 and Fig.10 are the same as in this figure.

Fig.6 Chondrite-normalized rare earth element patterns (a, c) and primitive mantle-normalized spider diagrams (b, d) for intermediate-acid volcanic rocks in Hala’alate Formation. Normalization values are from [73].

Fig.7 Sr/Y-Y discrimination diagram for intermediate-acid volcanic rocks in Hala’alate Formation. Adapted from [74].

Fig.8 Diagrams of Dy/Yb (a), Sr/Y (b), La (c) against SiO2 and La/Yb-La (d) for intermediate-acid volcanic rocks in Hala’alate Formation. Data of Late Carboniferous basalts in southern West Junggar are from [36,60].

Fig.9 Diagrams of Al2O3-SiO2 (a), Yb-SiO2 (b), K2O/Na2O-K2O (c) and Sr/Y-(La/Yb)N (d) for adakites in Hala’alate Formation. Base maps of a-c are modified after [87-88]; Base map of (d) is modified after [89].

Fig.10 Ta-Yb (a after [109]) and La/Nb-La (b after [110]) diagrams for intermediate-acid volcanic rocks in Hala’alate Formation

Fig.11 Diagrams for Late Carboniferous to Early Permian I- and A-type granites in the southern West Junggar. Base map of (a) modified after [123]; See [23,54] for data sources.

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