Control of coal metamorphism by tectonic physicochemical conditions

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.12.11

Abstract

Abstract:

Coal is an organic rock very sensitive to geological factors such as temperature and pressure, and the physicochemical conditions associated with various tectonic thermal events are the fundamental driving force promoting the evolution of coal. In this paper, the current research status of coal metamorphism is reviewed; the control factors and evolutionary process and mechanism of coal in the stage from high rank coal to graphite are emphatically discussed. Coal metamorphism includes coalification stage and graphitization stage, which together constitute a continuous organic matter evolution process. The general trend of evolution is chemical constituents progressively simplifying and structure ordering, finally the graphite with three-dimensional ordered structure is evolved. Temperature and pressure (shear stress) are two major factors controlling coal metamorphism, their functions and evolution mechanism are different in different evolution stages. In the low and middle rank evolution stage, temperature is the main controlling factor of coal chemical structure evolution, which provides activation energy for chemical bond fracture, while stress polycondensation and stress degradation have catalytic effect on chemical structure evolution. The main mechanism from the high rank coal to graphite is that the basic structural units (BSUs) are interconnected and the short-range ordering range is increased,structural stress plays a key role in the evolution of the physical structure of macromolecules, it will promote the physical structure evolution of macromolecules by the orientation arrangement of BSUs and the distance decrease of carbon layer. It will enrich and deepen the understanding of the complete evolution sequence of the physical and chemical structure of coal by strengthening the research on the stage from high rank coal to graphite, the high-temperature and high-pressure simulation experiment of the coal-based graphite forming mechanism provides a feasible technical means for the study of the physical and chemical conditions of coal metamorphism.

Key words: coal metamorphism, coalification, graphitization, tectonic physicochemical, evolution mechanism

CLC Number:

CAO Daiyong, LIU Zhifei, WANG Anmin, WANG Lu, DING Zhengyun, LI Yang. Control of coal metamorphism by tectonic physicochemical conditions[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2022, 29(1): 439-448.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig.1 Evolution sequence and control factors of coal metamorphism. Adapted from [9].

Fig.2 Graphitization of organic components in cracks and pores under optical microscope (oil immersion, reflection light)

Table 1 Element distribution characteristics and migration trend of highrank coal in North Huaiyang area. Adapted from [32].

分异迁移趋势	常量元素		微量元素		稀土元素
分异迁移趋势	岩浆热	构造应力	岩浆热	构造应力	岩浆热	构造应力
向煤体中	Al、K、Si、Ti	Al、K、Ti、Na、Ca	As、Se、Sb、Bi	Ba、Zr、Nb、Hf	煤中稀土元素富集	煤中稀土元素迁出
向煤体外	P、Fe、Mn、Na、Ca、Mg	Si、P、Fe、Mg	Ba	As、Se、Sb、Bi	富集轻稀土	富集重稀土

Fig.3 Microstructure evolution of coal-based graphite under different stress conditions. Adapted from [36].

Fig.4 Microstructure evolution model of coal-based graphite. Fig.4a modified after [55], Fig.4b modified after [57].

Fig.5 XRD spectrum change during graphitization. Adapted from [10].

Fig.6 Fracture of pore wall caused by stress. Adapted from [37].

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