An integrated investigation of ore-forming fluid evolution in porphyry and epithermal deposits and their implication on exploration

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.3.12

Abstract

Abstract:

Porphyry and epithermal deposits are the world’s most economically important resources for copper, molybdenum, gold, and silver. These two types of deposits are globally related in space and time. Hydrothermal fluid evolution is a critical process contributing to the mineralization in porphyry and epithermal deposits. The investigation for the properties and evolution of ore-forming fluids of porphyry and epithermal deposits is essential for exploring the process of metal precipitation, and it is also helpful in revealing the inherent genetic relationship between them. In this paper, we summarized the typical fluid inclusion characteristics, the standard fluid evolution process and metal precipitation mechanism in porphyry and epithermal metallogenic domains. The summary was based on literature review and case studies of the Fujiawu porphry type Cu-Mo (-Au) deposit, Tongcun Mo deposit, and the Qiucun and Ancun epithermal Au deposits. Furthermore, this paper also discusses the vapor transportation model of metal and fluids from the porphyry to the epithermal environment, and finally illustrates the application of large-scale fluid mapping as an exploration method using the Zijinshan Cu-Au deposit in Fujian as an example.

Key words: porphyry deposit, epithermal deposit, fluid evolution, metal precipitation mechanism, ore exploration

CLC Number:

P611.1
P612

NI Pei, CHI Zhe, PAN Junyi. An integrated investigation of ore-forming fluid evolution in porphyry and epithermal deposits and their implication on exploration[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2020, 27(2): 60-78.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig.1 The common fluid evolution paths in porphyry system and typical fluid inclusions

Fig.2 The geological map of the Fujiawu porphyry Cu-Mo deposit. Adapted from [44].

Fig.3 Photos of the typical ore specimen and fluid inclusions in the Fujiawu deposit

Fig.4 Geological map of the Tongcun Mo deposit and its cross section along exploration line L0[51]. Adapted from [51].

Fig.5 SEM-CL image of quartz-polymetallic vein of the Tongcun Mo deposit

Fig.6 The geological map of the Qiucun Au deposit. Adapted from [83].

Fig.7 Photos of the typical ore specimen and fluid inclusions in the Qiucun deposit

Fig.8 Exploration L0 (A) and L111 (B) of the Ancun gold deposit. Adapted from [107].

Fig.9 Photomicrographs showing different types of fluid inclusions in quartz and sphalerite

Fig.10 p-T-x evolution path of ore-forming fluids and schematic cross sections. Adapted from [9-10].

Fig.11 Geological map of the Zijinshan Cu-Au deposit (A), and cross section along the prospecting line No.3 (B). Adapted from [32].

Fig.12 Projection plots of fluid temperature & salinity at the Zijinshan Cu-Au deposit. Adapted from [32].

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