Geological and engineering applications of full-stratum geomechanical modeling in complex structural areas

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.6.28

Abstract

Abstract:

Areas with complex geological features have poorly defined geostress distribution patterns with strong geostress heterogeneity and anisotropy, which seriously restrict the progress of oil and gas exploration and development. To solve the problems of high modeling accuracy requirements for complex structures and lithology and inaccuracies in current 3D geomechanical modeling techniques for complex structures, this paper, taking the Bozi-Dabei area in Kuqa depression as an example, proposes a full-stratum inverse finite element geomechanical modeling technique for complex structure areas. By iterative scanning of long and large-scale strip-connected anticlines, the modeling accuracy is improved, and the complex intersection relationship between faults and rock masses is accurately established—thus, the modeling of geostress mesh and error tracing in areas with complex structures is achieved. Using this technique, the current distribution characteristics of geostresses in Bozi-Dabei were clarified, and the main controlling factors of strong geostress heterogeneity and anisotropy in deep reservoirs were revealed. Furthermore, the range of stress disturbance during drilling was clearly defined. Results showed that (1) the modeling technique was effective for full-stratum modeling of complex deformation areas, with high accuracy meeting the needs of exploration, development, and production. (2) The key factors affecting the strong geostress heterogeneity and anisotropy in reservoirs of the study area were the mechanical-layer structure of salt layers and the attitude of shallow high, steep strata. (3) The modeling technique was effective for determining the range of stress disturbance during drilling, thus it can be an important evaluation tool for efficient oil and gas exploration and development.

Key words: complex structure, geological and mechanical modeling, 3D stress field, Bozi-Dabei area, Kuqa depression

CLC Number:

XU Ke, LIU Jingshou, ZHANG Hui, ZHANG Guanjie, ZHANG Binxin, WANG Haiying, ZHANG Yu, LAI Shujun, QIAN Ziwei, QIANG Jianli. Geological and engineering applications of full-stratum geomechanical modeling in complex structural areas[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(5): 195-208.

Figures/Tables 14

Fig.1 Location and typical cross sections of the Krasu structural belt

Fig.2 Stratigraphic column diagram of the Kuche depression

Fig.3 Unststructured grids with embedded virtual layers for stress field simulation. (a) 1.09 million elements. (b) 1.36 million elements.

Fig.4 Reverse finite-element geomechanical modeling of complex geological bodies in structurally complex areas. (a) Processing of 3D point cloud data. (b) Bidirectional iterative fitting and elimination of geometric model errors. (c) Intervention of layering in stress grid division. (e) Inversion of 3D heterogeneous rock mechanics field using seismic multi-attribute detection method. (f) 3D geomechanical modeling of heterogeneous stress field.

Fig.5 Geomechnical modeling results from well BZ301. The stress field is divided into three distinct sections along the vertical direction: a—5834-5870 m, Sh: 130MPa; b—5870-5940 m, Sh: 132MPa; c—5940-5958 m, Sh: 128MPa.

Table 1 Comparison of numerical simulation and logging interpretation results for in situ stress in a single well

井号	水平最小主应力			垂向主应力			水平最大主应力
井号	测井解释应力/MPa	数值模拟应力/MPa	偏差率/ %	测井解释应力/MPa	数值模拟应力/MPa	偏差率/ %	测井解释应力/MPa	数值模拟应力/MPa	偏差率/ %
bz1501	104.8	107.8	2.9	117.7	119.2	1.3	127.1	132.5	4.2
bz15	101.1	104.8	3.6	111.3	118.6	6.5	124.9	130.1	4.2
bz29	112.9	116.2	2.9	132.3	131.5	-0.6	137.9	143.2	3.8
bz3	132.1	126.1	-4.5	145.2	143.2	-1.4	162.5	154.9	-4.6
bz301	130.0	122.6	-5.7	142.6	136.3	-4.4	159.8	151.6	-5.2
bz302	134.3	124.1	-7.6	147.7	137.5	-6.9	167.9	154.5	-8.0
bz102	144.4	138.6	-4.0	158.9	152.5	-4.0	169.8	167.1	-1.6
db14	137.0	135.8	-0.9	147.3	143.9	-2.3	163.1	165.2	1.3
db9	133.6	130.1	-2.6	140.5	136.3	-3.0	163.2	164.0	0.5
db1201	124.3	127.5	2.6	137.9	136.9	-0.7	160.2	163.1	1.8
db15	111.5	108.7	-2.5	133.3	132.6	-0.5	159.4	157.8	-1.0

Fig.6 Characteristics of present-day stress field distribution in the Bozi-Dabei area

Table 2 Mechanical parameters for convex layered rock structure

层位	杨氏模量/ GPa	泊松比	岩石密度/ (kg·m^-3)
第四系(Q)	12.4	0.27	2 450
康村组(N_1-2k)	26.0	0.25	2 590
吉迪克组(N₁j)	36.7	0.24	2 640
苏维依组(E_2-3s)	19.1	0.26	2 540
库姆格列木群(E_1-2km¹) 上泥岩段	20.7	0.26	2 560

Table 3 Mechanical parameters for homogeneous layered rock structure

层位	杨氏模量/ GPa	泊松比	岩石密度/ (kg·m^-3)
第四系(Q)	17.5	0.23	2 450
康村组(N_1-2k)	18.4	0.28	2 490
吉迪克组(N₁j)	19.4	0.31	2 470
苏维依组(E_2-3s)	18.1	0.32	2 480
库姆格列木群(E_1-2km¹) 上泥岩段	19.3	0.28	2 500

Fig.7 Logging interpretation results on minimum principal stress gradient at different structural positions under different layered rock structures

Fig.8 Influence of gypsum thickness on the distribution of in situ stress. (a) Modes of gypsum layer thickness changes.(b) Results of numerical simulation of stress field. (c) Horizontal minimum principal stress variation with a 700 m increase in salt layer thickness. (d) Maximum horizontal principal stress variation with a 700 m increase in salt layer thickness.

Fig.9 Influence of stratigraphic dip on the distribution of in situ stress. (a) Relationship between minimum horizontal principal stress and bedding angle when the bedding direction is parallel to the maximum horizontal principal stress. (b) Profile of the minimum horizontal principal stress.

Fig.10 Influence of stratigraphic azimuth on the distribution of in situ stress

Fig.11 Geomechanical model of well bz-X (a) and numerical simulation result of wellbore stress field (b)

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