Paleo-wind direction and paleogeographic significance of Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous anemoarenyte in the southeastern Wanggaxiu coal mine, Qaidam Basin

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.4.21

Abstract

Abstract:

The Qaidam Basin is one of the main petroleum basins in western China. Much progress has been made over the past 70 years in the oil and gas exploration and basic geological research in the basin. However, the restoration and structural evolution of the Mesozoic prototype basin in Qaidam are still in dispute, which has affected the petroleum exploration process. In the current project, we conducted a comprehensive geological survey on the sedimentology, petrology and sedimentary facies analysis of Mesozoic strata around the present Qaidam Basin. We first discovered a set of anemoarenyte depositions of coastal and shallow lacustrine facies in the original Cretaceous Quanyagou Formation, located 10 km southeast of the Wanggaxiu coal mine near the Delingha-Dulan Road. Our study on a 1∶100 sedimentary-structural and rock characteristics determination section showed that large tabular cross-beddings, grain and fall flow anemoarenyte structures, and a large number of traces, burrows, mud cracks and liquefied bending bedding structures of coastal and shallow lacustrine facies below the water table developed on the profile. In addition, we collected many paleowind sedimentary structural data, such as tabular cross-bedding and oblique bedding. We also conducted a systematic laboratory study using paleowind direction data correction and rose diagram. The results show that the Quanyagou Formation paleowind is NW directed, consistent with the regional research data from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous in northern China. The vertical successions of the Quanyagou Formation, changing from alternation of aeolian and water laid to aeolian dominated to water laid dominated deposits, indicate climatic oscillation from relatively arid to humid conditions. Previous studies have suggested that aeolian deposition is an important hydrocarbon reservoir. Therefore, the newly discovered set of coastal and shallow lacustrine facies anemoarenyte depositions is of great significance for oil and gas exploration in the Mesozoic Qaidam Basin, and can also help advancing research on the restoration and tectonic evolution of the basin.

Key words: the Qaidam Basin, Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, anemoarenyte, paleowind direction

CLC Number:

CHEN Zhengyu, LIU Yongqing, JIANG Xiaojun, KONG Zhigang, GAO Wanli, QIAN Tao, KUANG Hongwei, XU Huan. Paleo-wind direction and paleogeographic significance of Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous anemoarenyte in the southeastern Wanggaxiu coal mine, Qaidam Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2020, 27(4): 82-97.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig.1 Tectonic map of the Qaidam Basin (a) and geological map of the study area (b). Modified after [19].

Fig.2 Mesozoic stratigraphic column of the Qaidam Basin.Modified after [35].

Fig.3 Typical structural features of anemoarenyte deposition in the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Quanyagou Formation 10 km southeast of Wanggaxiu, Qaidam Basin

Fig.4 Photographs illustrating various sedimentary structures of anemoarenyte in the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Quanyagou Formation 10 km southeast of Wanggaxiu, Qaidam Basin

Fig.5 Typical sedimentary structures of anemoarenyte in the Late Jurassic to Early Crataceous Quanyagou Formation, Qaidam Basin

Table 1 Anemoarenyte occurrence in the Mesozoic Qaidam Basin

Fig.6 Composite column of anemoarenyte in the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Quanyagou Formation 10 km southeast of Wanggaxiu, Qaidam Basin

Fig.7 Sedimentary facies column of anemoarenyte in the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Quanyagou Formation 10 km southeast of Wanggaxiu, Qaidam Basin

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