Characteristics of geothermal geology of the Wucheng uplift geothermal field

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.3.1

Abstract

Abstract:

Driven by the “Xiongxian model” and environmental pressure, the Hebei Province has become the largest agglomerate of urban geothermal heating in China. Therefore, studying geothermal geological characteristics of the Wucheng uplift can be significance for guiding geothermal development in Gucheng County, Hebei Province. In this paper, we studied the distribution patterns of different types of thermal reservoirs, as well as physical properties and characteristics of geothermal water recharge and circulation pathway of the reserviors, and performed geothermal resources evaluation, by combining logging, seismic and regional geological data with results of hydrochemical characteristic and isotopic analyses. The results showed that the geothermal field has two thermal reservoirs: sandstone and karst reservoirs. The former has a wide stable distribution, with the main aquifer situated in the lower Guantao Formation and a floor depth of 1200-1600 m. The geothermal water temperatures ranged between 52-54 ℃, and the well water yield was 79-123 m ³/h. The favorable zones of karst thermal reservoir are mainly distributed in the anticlinal core of the Cambrian-Triassic, extending in a N-S zonal direction, with the main aquifer in the upper Majiagou, lower Majiagou and Liangjiashan Formations and a roof depth of 2100-2900 m. The geothermal water temperatures ranged between 82-85 ℃, and the well water yield was 75-98 m³/h. The geothermal waters originate from the recharge areas of the Taihang mountains to the west and Yanshan mountains to the north, moving horizontally along the NE-SW fracture zone and the karst unconformity plane into the shallow thermal reservoir, from where they meet in the Wucheng uplift, through the Cangxian and Xingheng uplifts, to form a medium-low temperature geothermal reservoir of Cl-Na type water quality. The ¹⁴C dating results indicated that the geothermal waters of sandstone and karst reservoirs were 21 ka and 32 ka, respectively, with a recharge depth of more than 2822.5-3032.5 m. The Minghuazhen Formation and the Carboniferous-Permian strata are cap rocks of the two thermal reservoirs, respectively. According to a fine evaluation of Wucheng geothermal resources, the total geothermal reserves amount to 4.86×10¹⁰ GJ, equivalent to 16.6×10⁸ tons of standard coal. The annual geothermal exploitation can meet 1.1×10⁸ m² indoor heating demand, demonstrating a huge geothermal developmental potential in the region.

Key words: Wucheng uplift, geothermal field, sandstone thermal reservoir, karstic thermal reservoir, resources evaluation

CLC Number:

P314
P641

WANG Di, WANG Xinwei, MAO Xiang, WU Minghui, LIU Huiying, ZHANG Xuan, WANG Tinghao. Characteristics of geothermal geology of the Wucheng uplift geothermal field[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2020, 27(3): 269-280.

Figures/Tables 18

Fig.1 Geological map of sub-outcrop (a) and tectonic zoning map (b) in the Wucheng uplift

Fig.2 Comprehensive stratigraphic column and reservoir-caprock assemblage in the study area

Fig.3 Geotectonic evolution profile for the Wucheng uplift

Fig.4 Relationship between formation temperature and geothermal well depth for the Wucheng uplift geothermal field

Fig.5 Geological map showing floor depths and well distribution of sandstone thermal reservoir in the Wucheng uplift geothermal field

Table 1 Statistics of typical geothermal boreholes in the Wucheng uplift geothermal field

地热井名称	井深/m	出口水温/℃	涌水量/(m³·h^-1)	储厚比/%	孔隙度/%	渗透率/mD	储层有效厚度/m	取水层段/m	热储层位
丽景名城1井	1 578	54	81	75.7	34.5	1 261	167.4	1 318~1 539	Ng
森林公园1井	1 562.5	52	79	73.8	35.4	761.1	207.3	1 268~1 549	Ng
州海名城1井	1 500	52	123	75.8	34	785.5	159.2	1 098~1 308	Ng
运河丽景1井	1 610	52	83	64.8	29.7	523.2	190	1 304~1 597	Ng
富邦花园2井	2 800	54	35	22.36	5.74	3.01	138.2	2 137~2 800	O
南湖现代城1井	3 150	84	75	32.5	11.05	14.65	301.1	2 195~3 112	O
丽景名居1井	3 300	85	80	41.6	1.47	2.71	213.7	2 751~3 300	O
信誉家园2井	3 130	82	98	21.2	6.33	1.78	131.5	2 316~2 936.4	O

Fig.6 Stratum correlation of sandstone thermal reservoir in the Wucheng uplift geothermal field

Fig.7 Roof depth map and well 1ocation distribution map of the Ordovician karst thermal reservoir in the Wucheng uplift geothermal field

Fig.8 Stratum correlation of karst thermal reservoir in the Wucheng uplift geothermal field

Table 2 Chemical and isotopic compositions of groundwater in the study area

井号	pH	T/℃	ρ_B/(mg·L^-1)									δ²H/‰	δ¹⁸O/‰	水化学类型
井号	pH	T/℃	TDS	Na⁺	K⁺	Mg²⁺	Ca²⁺	Cl^-	S $O 4 2 -$	HC $O 3 -$	SiO₂	δ²H/‰	δ¹⁸O/‰	水化学类型
丽景明居1井	6.32	90	17 312	4 803.35	194.53	155.4	1 043.73	9 129.81	668.43	207.69	34.89	-68.86	-8.2	Cl-Na
丽景明居2井	7.18	54	4 697	1 682.36	21.18	35.55	136.45	2 425.84	388.92	209.80	24.55	-72.58	-9.9	Cl-Na
丽景明居3井	7.41	53	4 559	1 631.81	17.83	33.66	128.44	2 349.98	379.47	214.40	26.98			Cl-Na
富邦花园1井	6.71	74	8 403	2 558.17	81.51	70.36	429.53	4 383.67	22.31	239.68	28.67	-73.6	-9.4	Cl-Na
富邦花园2井	7.66	47	2 260	755.25	6.42	10.84	34.03	791.73	213.45	444.21	23.74			Cl-Na
南湖现代城1井	7.44	53	4 757	1 686.62	23.15	31.07	137.91	2 429.08	389.97	223.88	27.49			Cl-Na
运河丽景1井	7.34	54	4 557	1 606.34	22.83	27.46	123.3	2 305.86	374.2	233.45	25.54	-74.64	-9.8	Cl-Na

Table 2 Chemical and isotopic compositions of groundwater in the study area

井号	pH	T/℃	ρ_B/(mg·L^-1)									δ²H/‰	δ¹⁸O/‰	水化学类型
井号	pH	T/℃	TDS	Na⁺	K⁺	Mg²⁺	Ca²⁺	Cl^-	S $O 4 2 -$	HC $O 3 -$	SiO₂	δ²H/‰	δ¹⁸O/‰	水化学类型
丽景明居1井	6.32	90	17 312	4 803.35	194.53	155.4	1 043.73	9 129.81	668.43	207.69	34.89	-68.86	-8.2	Cl-Na
丽景明居2井	7.18	54	4 697	1 682.36	21.18	35.55	136.45	2 425.84	388.92	209.80	24.55	-72.58	-9.9	Cl-Na
丽景明居3井	7.41	53	4 559	1 631.81	17.83	33.66	128.44	2 349.98	379.47	214.40	26.98			Cl-Na
富邦花园1井	6.71	74	8 403	2 558.17	81.51	70.36	429.53	4 383.67	22.31	239.68	28.67	-73.6	-9.4	Cl-Na
富邦花园2井	7.66	47	2 260	755.25	6.42	10.84	34.03	791.73	213.45	444.21	23.74			Cl-Na
南湖现代城1井	7.44	53	4 757	1 686.62	23.15	31.07	137.91	2 429.08	389.97	223.88	27.49			Cl-Na
运河丽景1井	7.34	54	4 557	1 606.34	22.83	27.46	123.3	2 305.86	374.2	233.45	25.54	-74.64	-9.8	Cl-Na

Fig.9 Piper diagram for groundwater samples from the Wucheng uplift geothermal field

Table 3 Statistics of total dissoloved solid

地名	矿化度/(g·L^-1)	水型
大成^[7]	6.1	Cl·SO₄-Na
青县^[7]	5.9	Cl·SO₄-Na
无极^[10]	6.38	Cl·HCO₃-Na
阜城^[7]	6.3	Cl-Na
衡水^[7]	7.7	Cl-Na
故城	11.9	Cl-Na
新河^[7]	10.7	Cl-Na
南宫^[7]	11.8	Cl-Na

Fig.10 Water stable isotopic compositions for groundwater samples of from the Wucheng uplift geothermal field

Table 4 The 14C age correction model age of the Wucheng uplift geothermal field

编号	¹⁴C活度/ PMC	表观年龄/a	Tamers模型校正年龄/a	Pearson模型校正年龄/a	热储类型
丽景明居2井	<0.44	44 856	40 012	37 264	O
富邦花园1井	0.70	41 018	37 387	27 608	O
运河丽景1井	3.60	27 480	22 395	20 312	Ng

Fig.11 Na-K-Mg ternary diagram (a) and solubility diagram of SiO2 (b) of water samples from the Wucheng uplift geothermal field

Table 5 Temperature of geothermal reservoir by temperature scale method in the study area

井号	T/℃	T_Na-K/℃	T_K-Mg/℃	T_石英/℃	平均热储温度/℃
丽景明居1井	90	107.67	54.74	88.61	127.94
丽景明居2井	54	169.16	71.20	71.33	189.71
富邦花园1井	74	154.97	65.76	77.55	161.58
富邦花园2井	47	90.67	48.51	70.01	94.68
南湖现代城1井	53	111.63	56.41	75.84	123.76
运河丽景1井	54	113.25	56.92	72.89	121.55

Fig.12 Sketch map illustrating a genetic model of the Wucheng uplift geothermal field

Table 6 Summary of evaluation parameters and calculation results for the geothermal resources in the Wucheng uplift geothermal filed

层位	面积/km²	平均有效厚度/m	平均温度/℃	平均孔隙度/%	地热资源总量/GJ	折合标煤/t	可采地热资源量/GJ	可采资源量折合标煤/t
新近系馆陶组	840.56	181	52	33.4	1.64×10¹⁰	5.6×10⁸	4.1×10⁹	1.4×10⁸
奥陶系	944.22	196	83	6.15	3.22×10¹⁰	11×10⁸	4.83×10⁹	1.65×10⁸

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