青藏高原东南缘营盘-金顶-北衙-盘龙剖面地壳结构与化学成分

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.10.50

地学前缘 ›› 2025, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (6): 256-275.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.10.50

青藏高原东南缘营盘-金顶-北衙-盘龙剖面地壳结构与化学成分

赵志丹¹(), 雷杭山², 白志明³, 刘栋¹, 王珍珍¹, 许博⁴, 苗壮⁴, 侯增谦⁵, 莫宣学¹

1.中国地质大学(北京) 地球科学与资源学院, 地质过程与成矿预测全国重点实验室, 北京 100083
2.中海油研究总院有限责任公司, 北京 100028
3.中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所, 岩石圈演化与环境演变全国重点实验室, 北京 100029
4.中国地质大学(北京) 珠宝学院, 地质过程与成矿预测全国重点实验室, 北京 100083
5.中国地质科学院, 深地探测与矿产勘查全国重点实验室, 北京 100037

收稿日期:2025-10-10 修回日期:2025-10-18 出版日期:2025-11-25 发布日期:2025-11-12
作者简介:赵志丹(1968—),男,博士,教授,从事岩石学和地球化学研究。E-mail: zdzhao@cugb.edu.cn
基金资助:
地球深部探测与矿产资源勘查国家科技重大专项(2025ZD1004800);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0600304);国家创新引智111项目(B18048)

Crustal structure and chemical composition of the Yingpan-Jinding-Beiya-Panlong transect in southeastern Tibetan Plateau

ZHAO Zhidan¹(), LEI Hangshan², BAI Zhiming³, LIU Dong¹, WANG Zhenzhen¹, XU Bo⁴, MIAO Zhuang⁴, HOU Zengqian⁵, MO Xuanxue¹

1. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, School of Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
2. CNOOC Research Institute Co. Ltd., Beijing 100028, China
3. State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
4. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, School of Gemmology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
5. State Key Laboratory of Deep Earth and Mineral Exploration, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China

Received:2025-10-10 Revised:2025-10-18 Online:2025-11-25 Published:2025-11-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

大陆地壳的结构、组成和演化是地球区别于其他星球的独一无二的重要特征和现今地球科学中最重要的科学问题之一。大陆地壳在地球系统各圈层中扮演着极为重要的角色,是岩石圈与地表圈层相互作用的纽带,也是揭示壳-幔物质与能量交换、岩浆作用和成矿作用等地质过程的重要场所。研究地壳结构、组成和演化的方法主要包括深部物理探测、岩浆携带的深源包体、古老变质岩基底和岩浆作用反演等方法。本文选择青藏高原东南缘呈北西-南东向横穿西南三江造山带-扬子克拉通西缘的主要地质单元,西起云南兰坪县营盘,经过兰坪县金顶、鹤庆县北衙,东至昆明盘龙的地壳剖面(简称营盘-盘龙),开展了剖面宽度50 km走廊带及其邻区的地壳结构和化学成分研究。从构造上穿越了兰坪-思茅地块,横跨金顶矿区、北衙矿区,东至扬子地台西缘。本文基于已有地球物理测深剖面、古老变质岩系、岩浆岩及深源地壳包体和沉积岩盖层的地球化学和年代学数据,应用地球物理、实验岩石学和岩石地球化学资料的联合限制,尝试建立了营盘—盘龙走廊带内各构造单元的地壳岩石组成模型,估算了上、中和下地壳的元素地球化学成分,并探讨了走廊带和邻区各构造单元的地壳演化、构造-岩浆-成矿作用过程。

关键词: 地壳结构, 岩石组成模型, 化学成分, 地壳演化, 扬子克拉通西缘, 青藏高原东南缘

Abstract:

The structure, composition, and evolution of the continental crust represent one of the unique and defining characteristics of Earth, distinguishing it from other planets, and constitute one of the most significant scientific questions in modern Earth sciences. The continental crust plays an indispensable role in various spheres of the Earth system. It serves as a link that facilitates interactions between the lithosphere and surficial layers, and it represents a key site for studying geological processes such as crust-mantle material and energy exchange, magmatism, and mineralization. Research methods for investigating crustal structure, composition, and evolution primarily include probing the physical properties of deep crustal layers, studying deep-seated xenoliths brought to the surface by magmatic activities, analyzing ancient metamorphic basement rocks, and reconstructing magmatic processes. This study focuses on geological transect along a northwest-southeast trending crustal profile, extending from Yingpan in Lanping County, Yunnan Province, through Jinding in Lanping County and Beiya in Heqing County, to Panlong in Kunming, crossing the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and the western margin of the Yangtze Craton (referred to as the Yingpan-Panlong transect). Comprehensive research on the crustal structure and chemical composition has been conducted along a 50 km-wide transect and its adjacent areas. Structurally, the profile traverses the Lanping-Simao Block, passes through the Jinding and Beiya ore deposits, and extends eastward to the western margin of the Yangtze Craton. Using an existing geophysical depth profile, combined with geochemical and geochronological data from ancient metamorphic complexes, magmatic rocks, deep crustal xenoliths, and sedimentary cover rocks, this paper integrates data from geophysics, experimental petrology, and rock geochemistry. A crustal rock composition model for the geological units within the Yingpan-Panlong transect is proposed. The elemental and isotopic compositions of the upper, middle, and lower crust are estimated, with further discusses on the processes, crustal evolution, tectonic-magmatic activities, and mineralization in the Yingpan-Panlong transect and adjacent regions.

Key words: crustal structure, petrologic model, chemical composition, crustal evolution, western margin of the Yangtze Craton, southeastern Tibetan Plateau

中图分类号:

P591.1
P541

赵志丹, 雷杭山, 白志明, 刘栋, 王珍珍, 许博, 苗壮, 侯增谦, 莫宣学. 青藏高原东南缘营盘-金顶-北衙-盘龙剖面地壳结构与化学成分[J]. 地学前缘, 2025, 32(6): 256-275.

ZHAO Zhidan, LEI Hangshan, BAI Zhiming, LIU Dong, WANG Zhenzhen, XU Bo, MIAO Zhuang, HOU Zengqian, MO Xuanxue. Crustal structure and chemical composition of the Yingpan-Jinding-Beiya-Panlong transect in southeastern Tibetan Plateau[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2025, 32(6): 256-275.

图/表 9

图1 扬子地台和兰坪-思茅地块岩石圈物质组成模型(据文献[1,16]) (a)安徽女山地区:1—未变质的碎屑岩和黏土岩;2—花岗质片麻岩;3—斜长麻粒岩相和紫苏花岗岩;4—二辉麻粒岩;5—辉石岩;6—尖晶石二辉橄榄岩;7—尖晶石-石榴石二辉橄榄岩;8—石榴石二辉橄榄岩。(b)滇西北地区:1,2—片麻岩和角闪岩相组合;3—可能的麻粒岩相岩层;4—辉石岩类;5—波速过渡带;6—单辉橄榄岩类;7—(尖晶石或石榴石)二辉橄榄岩。(c)滇西地区:1—浅变质的碎屑岩;2—花岗岩类;3—黑云母片麻岩和石英云母片岩;4—中—基性岩浆岩;5—斜长麻粒岩和麻粒岩;6—镁铁质榴辉岩;7—橄榄岩类。

Fig.1 Lithospheric compositional model for the Yangtze Craton and the Lanping-Simao Block. Adapted from [1,16].

图2 青藏高原东南缘碰撞造山带地形特征和构造简图(修改自文献[10]) A-B剖面为营盘—盘龙深部地震测深剖面(据白志明等未发表资料),蓝色覆盖区域代表了营盘—盘龙走廊带,其中以A-B线剖面为中心,覆盖面积为40 000 km2。

Fig.2 Topographic features and tectonic sketch of the collisional orogen in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. Modified after [10].

图3 青藏高原东南缘碰撞造山带各构造单元简要分布图(修改自文献[17]) 图中编号分别表示了兰坪-思茅地块和扬子地台西缘的主要前寒武纪变质岩系的空间分布位置。

Fig.3 Simplified distribution map of tectonic units in the collisional orogen in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. Modified after [17].

图4 营盘—盘龙走廊带剖面地表高程和地壳P波速度结构图(据白志明未发表资料) 图内的缩写为:RRF—红河断裂;JCF—剑川断裂;CHF—程海断裂;LZJF—绿枝江断裂。

Fig.4 Surface elevation and crustal P-wave velocity structure along the Yingpan-Panlong transect (Bai Zhiming, personal communication)

表1 营盘-盘龙走廊带不同构造单元的上地壳、中地壳和下地壳估算的元素地球化学成分

Table 1 Estimated geochemical composition of the upper, middle, and lower crust in different tectonic units along the Yingpan-Panlong transect

图5 本文建立的兰坪-思茅地块的地壳岩石组成模型(兰坪-思茅地块的地壳速度结构模型引自白志明(未发表资料);兰坪-思茅地块各岩石单元数据见正文中列出)

Fig.5 Crustal rock composition model of the Lanping-Simao Block established in this study.The crustal velocity structure model of the Lanping-Simao Block is cited from Bai Zhiming (unpublished data); Data for each rock unit of the Lanping-Simao Block are from references listed in the text.

图6 本文建立的扬子地台西缘的地壳岩石组成模型(扬子地台西缘的地壳速度结构模型引自白志明未发表资料;扬子地台西缘的各岩石单元数据见正文中列出)

Fig.6 Crustal rock composition model of the western margin of the Yangtze Craton established in this study. The crustal velocity structure model of the western margin of the Yangtze Craton is cited from Bai Zhiming (unpublished data); Data for each rock unit of the western margin of the Yangtze Craton are from references listed in the text.

图7 青藏高原东南缘碰撞造山带营盘—盘龙走廊带地壳剖面的地球化学图(地壳结构引自白志明未发表资料)

Fig.7 Geochemical diagrams of the crustal profile along the Yingpan-Panlong transect in the collisional orogen in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (crustal structure after Bai Zhiming, personal communication)

图8 (a)青藏高原东南缘碰撞造山带营盘—盘龙走廊带的简要地质图;(b)古生代—新生代岩浆锆石的Hf同位素等值线图(引自文献[11]);(c)古生代—新生代岩浆的Nd同位素等值线图(据文献[12]);(d)新生代岩浆的锆石Hf同位素等值线图(修改自文献[13])

Fig.8 (a) Simplified geological map of the Yingpan-Panlong transect of the collisional orogen in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau ; (b) Hf isotope contour map of Paleozoic-Cenozoic magmatic zircons (after [11]); (c) Nd isotope contour map of Paleozoic-Cenozoic magmatic rocks (data from [12]); (d) Zircon Hf isotope contour map of Cenozoic magmatic rocks (modified after [13]).

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青藏高原东南缘营盘-金顶-北衙-盘龙剖面地壳结构与化学成分

Crustal structure and chemical composition of the Yingpan-Jinding-Beiya-Panlong transect in southeastern Tibetan Plateau

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