地学前缘 ›› 2023, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (4): 152-163.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.10.17

• 深层非常规油气地质 • 上一篇    下一篇

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组7段夹层型页岩层系石油富集规律与主控因素

庞正炼(), 陶士振, 张琴, 白斌, 林森虎, 张天舒, 陈燕燕, 范建玮, 孙菲菲   

  1. 中国石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2022-08-13 修回日期:2022-09-18 出版日期:2023-07-25 发布日期:2023-07-07
  • 作者简介:庞正炼(1984—),男,博士,高级工程师,主要从事非常规油气地质研究工作。E-mail: pangzl@petrochina.com.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技重大专项(2016ZX05046-001);中国石油天然气股份有限公司科技项目(KS2020-01-11);中国石油天然气股份有限公司科技项目(2021DJ52)

Interbedded shale formation of the 7th member of the Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin: Petroleum accumulation patterns and controlling factors

PANG Zhenglian(), TAO Shizhen, ZHANG Qin, BAI Bin, LIN Senhu, ZHANG Tianshu, CHEN Yanyan, FAN Jianwei, SUN Feifei   

  1. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, PetroChina, Beijing 100083, China
  • Received:2022-08-13 Revised:2022-09-18 Online:2023-07-25 Published:2023-07-07

摘要:

目前,我国页岩层系石油勘探取得初步突破并呈现良好勘探前景,鄂尔多斯盆地延长组7段是主力勘探战场之一。为更精细地分析长7主力产层——夹层型页岩层系内石油的分布规律与富集主控因素,依托典型油藏解剖、岩心和薄片观察、储层物性分析、岩石热解、场发射扫描电镜结合微区矿物分析以及石油充注运移物理模拟实验等方法,在不同空间尺度下进行研究。结果表明,夹层型页岩层系内石油在区带、油层以及油层内部多个尺度下,均呈现显著的分布非均质性;区带尺度下的石油富集主要受烃源岩品质与规模控制,油层尺度下石油的富集首先受源储配置控制,并受储层物性进一步控制,油层内部含油饱和度的强烈非均质性由成岩作用引起的孔隙发育非均质性导致。进一步的机理研究揭示:烃源岩提供运聚动力和烃类来源,并经历短距离二次运移是烃源岩控制区带尺度夹层型页岩层系石油富集的深层机理;运聚动力随砂岩夹层与烃源岩距离的增加而减弱,是源储配置在油层尺度发挥富集控制作用的重要原因;储层物性与石油注入时所受阻力间的指数级关系,是物性控制油层及其内部石油富集的主要原因;裂缝通过降低砂岩夹层的启动压力梯度,提高运移效率,促进页岩层系内石油的富集与高产。

关键词: 页岩层系石油, 分布, 多尺度, 非均质性, 富集控制机理

Abstract:

Recent breakthroughs in shale petroleum exploration in China demonstrated good exploration prospects, and Chang-7 member of the Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin is a major exploration area. To study in more detail the petroleum distribution patterns and accumulation controlling factors in the main production interval and interbedded shale formation of Chang-7 member, we conducted multi-scale investigation by means of reservoir profiling, core and thin section observation, reservoir rock evaluation, rock pyrolysis and field emission scanning electron microscopy, combined with microprobe analysis and physical modeling of oil charge and migration. According to the results, petroleum distribution in the interbedded shale formation is highly anisotropic at the play, oil-layer and intra-layer levels. At the play level oil accumulation is mainly controlled by source rock quality and quantity; whilst within the oil layer accumulation is controlled primarily by the reservoir/source-rock assemblage and also by the reservoir rock properties, while reservoir anisotropy due to diagenetic effects is the main cause of oil saturation heterogeneity within the oil layer. Mechanistic studies further reveal the control mechanisms of different factors on oil accumulation in the interbedded shale formation. The source rock controls oil accumulation at the play level as it provides both the driving force for hydrocarbon migration and the source of hydrocarbon while short-distance secondary migration of hydrocarbon occurs before accumulation. Oil accumulation at the oil-layer level is primarily controlled by reservoir and source-rock assemblage as the migration driving force decreases with increasing distance between oil layer and source rock. Besides, the reservoir rock properties, due to their exponential relationship with migration resistance at petroleum charging, also control the petroleum accumulation at the oil-layer level and within the intra-layer space. Whilst fractures enhance migration efficiency by reducing the threshold pressure gradient in interbedded sandstone, which promotes petroleum accumulation in the shale formation.

Key words: petroleum in shale formation, distribution, multiple spatial scales, heterogeneity, controlling factors of petroleum accumulation

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