东昆仑大水沟东地区稀土矿化石英正长岩地球化学、年代学及Hf同位素特征

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.2.41

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

东昆仑中段大格勒地区稀有和稀土矿化碱性杂岩体的发现,打开了东昆仑稀有、稀土矿找矿突破口。本次含稀土矿化石英正长岩的发现,进一步拓展了该区稀土矿找矿空间,对该区战略性矿产找矿工作和科学研究具有重要意义。本文对大水沟东地区石英正长岩的年代学、地球化学和Hf同位素研究,揭示了稀土矿化石英正长岩岩石成因、岩浆源区和构造背景。获得岩石锆石U-Pb年龄为(400.2±3.7) Ma,属早泥盆世;岩石属于准铝质碱性系列,具有高SiO₂(64.11%~66.20%)、富Al₂O₃(15.98%~16.19%)、富碱(Na₂O+K₂O)含量(11.31%~11.85%),尤其富钾K₂O(7.24%~8.18%),低Ti₂O(0.38%~0.44%)、CaO(1.13%~1.86%)、MgO(0.13%~0.22%)特征。A/CNK值为0.9~0.98,富集Rb、K、Ba、Th等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、P等高场强元素,10000Ga/Al值为2.84~3.4,Zr含量为(751.30~1 034.85)×10^-6,(Zr+Nb+Ce+Y)含量为(881.49~1 210.16)×10^-6,锆石饱和温度为905.76~931.41 ℃,高的Y/Nb值(1.87~2.45)和构造图解指示,石英正长岩为A₂型花岗岩,结合区域构造岩浆演化资料表明其形成于碰撞后伸展环境。锆石ε_Hf(t)值为-0.76~1.41,二阶段(t_DM2)Hf模式年龄为1 435~1 303 Ma,表明稀土矿化石英正长岩来源于幔源高温玄武质岩浆底侵中元古代长英质地壳部分熔融的产物。

关键词: 大水沟地区, 早泥盆世, A2型花岗岩, 稀土矿化, 地球化学, Hf同位素

Abstract:

The discovery of the rare metal/rare earth-bearing alkaline complex in Dagele area, middle East Kunlun was a major breakthrough in the exploration of rare metal and rare earth deposits in East Kunlun. The subsequent discovery of rare earth-bearing quartz syenite in eastern Dashuigou further expanded the scope of exploration, which is of great significance to the strategic mineral exploration and scientific research in East Kunlun. This paper reports the geochronological, geochemical, and Hf isotope studies of the quartz syenite to reveal its petrogenesis, magma source area and tectonic setting. The quartz syenite has a mean zircon (Zr) U-Pb age of (400.2±3.7) Ma corresponding to the Early Devonian. It belongs to the quasi-aluminous alkaline series, characterized by high SiO₂ content (64.11%-66.20%), enriched Al₂O₃ (15.98%-16.19%) and alkali (Na₂O+K₂O, 11.31%-11.85%), especially K₂O (7.24%-8.18%), and low Ti₂O (0.38%-0.44%), CaO (1.13%-1.86%), and MgO (0.13%-0.22%) contents, with a A/CNK value of 0.9-0.98. It is enriched in large ion lithophile elements (Rb, K, Ba, Th), and depleted in high field strength elements (Nb, Ta, Ti, P). Results of 10000Ga/Al value (2.8-3.4), Zr content ((751.30-1034.85)×10^-6 ), (Zr+Nb+Ce+Y) content ((881.49-1210.16)×10^-6), Zr saturation temperature (905.76-931.41 ℃), and Y/Nb ratio (1.87-2.45), along with tectonic discrimination diagrams, indicate the quartz syenite is A₂-type granitoid. Combined with regional tectonic and magmatic evolution data, it is believed the quartz syenite was formed in post-collision extension environment; while the Zr ε_Hf(t) value (-0.76-+1.41), and the second stage (t_DM2) Hf model age (1303-1435 Ma) indicate the quartz syenite is derived from partial melting of Middle-Proterozoic felsic crust during mantle-derived, high-temperature basaltic magmatic underplating.

Key words: Dashuigou area, Early Devonian, A2 type granite, rare earth mineralization, geochemistry, Hf isotope

中图分类号:

王涛, 李积清, 韩杰, 王泰山, 李玉龙, 袁博武. 东昆仑大水沟东地区稀土矿化石英正长岩地球化学、年代学及Hf同位素特征[J]. 地学前缘, 2023, 30(4): 283-298.

WANG Tao, LI Jiqing, HAN Jie, WANG Taishan, LI Yulong, YUAN Bowu. Geochemistry, geochronology and Hf isotopic characteristics of rare earth-bearing quartz syenite in eastern Dashuigou, East Kunlun[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2023, 30(4): 283-298.

图/表 14

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分析点号	元素含量/10^-6		Th/U	同位素比值				年龄/Ma
分析点号	Th	U	Th/U	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U	1σ
DX-01	193.3	353.3	0.55	0.525 96	0.016 37	0.062 39	0.000 69	429.1	10.9	390.1	4.2
DX-02	134.5	278.5	0.48	0.518 58	0.015 03	0.064 66	0.000 73	424.2	10.1	403.9	4.4
DX-03	156.4	307.5	0.51	0.503 77	0.030 67	0.063 41	0.000 70	414.2	20.7	396.3	4.2
DX-04	105.2	232.1	0.45	0.503 20	0.015 80	0.064 62	0.000 79	413.9	10.7	403.7	4.8
DX-05	103.4	172.1	0.60	0.476 07	0.018 62	0.066 05	0.000 87	395.4	12.8	412.3	5.2
DX-06	134.7	268.5	0.50	0.527 69	0.015 84	0.064 58	0.000 67	430.3	10.5	403.4	4.1
DX-07	168.1	346.5	0.49	0.549 48	0.014 71	0.065 29	0.000 76	444.7	9.6	407.7	4.6
DX-08	170.4	271.5	0.63	0.469 83	0.013 70	0.064 46	0.000 67	391.1	9.5	402.7	4.1
DX-09	98.8	240.6	0.41	0.487 59	0.016 03	0.065 35	0.000 83	403.3	10.9	408.1	5.0
DX-10	110.0	230.0	0.48	0.505 32	0.016 26	0.064 08	0.000 68	415.3	11.0	400.4	4.1
DX-11	110.4	257.0	0.43	0.470 54	0.013 91	0.063 05	0.000 69	391.6	9.6	394.1	4.2
DX-12	145.1	269.1	0.54	0.469 28	0.029 03	0.063 05	0.000 69	390.7	20.1	394.1	4.2
DX-13	290.0	477.1	0.61	0.458 51	0.012 40	0.061 24	0.000 65	383.2	8.6	383.2	4.0
DX-14	45.9	66.1	0.69	0.525 12	0.024 58	0.063 54	0.001 93	428.6	16.4	397.1	11.7
DX-15	27.7	41.1	0.67	0.459 99	0.028 34	0.062 37	0.001 17	384.2	19.7	390.0	7.1
DX-16	137.30	305.10	0.45	0.511 68	0.018 42	0.063 14	0.000 84	419.6	12.4	394.7	5.1
DX-17	52.00	154.90	0.34	0.512 35	0.020 75	0.065 76	0.000 92	420.0	13.9	410.6	5.6
DX-18	118.50	220.70	0.54	0.492 03	0.015 32	0.063 45	0.000 73	406.3	10.4	396.6	4.4
DX-19	221.40	376.00	0.59	0.520 00	0.010 00	0.070 00	0.000 00	427.0	8.8	409.2	4.3
DX-20	125.86	268.42	0.47	0.510 00	0.010 00	0.070 00	0.000 00	418.7	10.0	408.2	4.8
DX-21	20.22	33.58	0.60	0.470 00	0.030 00	0.070 00	0.000 00	394.3	20.8	410.9	7.9

分析点号	元素含量/10^-6		Th/U	同位素比值				年龄/Ma
分析点号	Th	U	Th/U	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U	1σ
DX-01	193.3	353.3	0.55	0.525 96	0.016 37	0.062 39	0.000 69	429.1	10.9	390.1	4.2
DX-02	134.5	278.5	0.48	0.518 58	0.015 03	0.064 66	0.000 73	424.2	10.1	403.9	4.4
DX-03	156.4	307.5	0.51	0.503 77	0.030 67	0.063 41	0.000 70	414.2	20.7	396.3	4.2
DX-04	105.2	232.1	0.45	0.503 20	0.015 80	0.064 62	0.000 79	413.9	10.7	403.7	4.8
DX-05	103.4	172.1	0.60	0.476 07	0.018 62	0.066 05	0.000 87	395.4	12.8	412.3	5.2
DX-06	134.7	268.5	0.50	0.527 69	0.015 84	0.064 58	0.000 67	430.3	10.5	403.4	4.1
DX-07	168.1	346.5	0.49	0.549 48	0.014 71	0.065 29	0.000 76	444.7	9.6	407.7	4.6
DX-08	170.4	271.5	0.63	0.469 83	0.013 70	0.064 46	0.000 67	391.1	9.5	402.7	4.1
DX-09	98.8	240.6	0.41	0.487 59	0.016 03	0.065 35	0.000 83	403.3	10.9	408.1	5.0
DX-10	110.0	230.0	0.48	0.505 32	0.016 26	0.064 08	0.000 68	415.3	11.0	400.4	4.1
DX-11	110.4	257.0	0.43	0.470 54	0.013 91	0.063 05	0.000 69	391.6	9.6	394.1	4.2
DX-12	145.1	269.1	0.54	0.469 28	0.029 03	0.063 05	0.000 69	390.7	20.1	394.1	4.2
DX-13	290.0	477.1	0.61	0.458 51	0.012 40	0.061 24	0.000 65	383.2	8.6	383.2	4.0
DX-14	45.9	66.1	0.69	0.525 12	0.024 58	0.063 54	0.001 93	428.6	16.4	397.1	11.7
DX-15	27.7	41.1	0.67	0.459 99	0.028 34	0.062 37	0.001 17	384.2	19.7	390.0	7.1
DX-16	137.30	305.10	0.45	0.511 68	0.018 42	0.063 14	0.000 84	419.6	12.4	394.7	5.1
DX-17	52.00	154.90	0.34	0.512 35	0.020 75	0.065 76	0.000 92	420.0	13.9	410.6	5.6
DX-18	118.50	220.70	0.54	0.492 03	0.015 32	0.063 45	0.000 73	406.3	10.4	396.6	4.4
DX-19	221.40	376.00	0.59	0.520 00	0.010 00	0.070 00	0.000 00	427.0	8.8	409.2	4.3
DX-20	125.86	268.42	0.47	0.510 00	0.010 00	0.070 00	0.000 00	418.7	10.0	408.2	4.8
DX-21	20.22	33.58	0.60	0.470 00	0.030 00	0.070 00	0.000 00	394.3	20.8	410.9	7.9

样品号	w_B/%
样品号	SiO₂	TiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	FeO	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	P₂O₅	烧失量	总量
DX-1	65.64	0.39	16.19	1.41	1.93	0.06	0.16	1.49	3.74	8.00	0.07	0.54	99.62
DX-2	65.53	0.42	16.12	1.22	2.25	0.06	0.18	1.49	3.67	8.18	0.07	0.47	99.66
DX-3	66.20	0.38	16.12	1.93	1.78	0.06	0.13	1.13	4.07	7.24	0.04	0.54	99.62
DX-4	64.11	0.51	15.98	1.49	2.90	0.07	0.22	1.86	3.67	7.89	0.08	0.56	99.34
DX-5	65.23	0.44	16.10	1.32	2.33	0.06	0.17	1.49	3.66	8.14	0.07	0.53	99.54
样品号	w_B/10^-6
样品号	Li	Be	B	V	Cr	Co	Ni	Cu	Zn	Ga	Rb	Sr	Zr
DX-1	17.20	1.22	11.38	4.57	1.73	0.71	0.91	3.96	78.79	24.32	180.25	55.85	751.30
DX-2	14.38	1.05	11.03	4.97	1.86	0.75	1.07	3.47	83.49	24.47	185.53	55.48	846.16
DX-3	11.94	1.42	13.37	4.59	1.76	0.99	0.94	3.99	107.83	28.99	153.43	53.79	813.36
DX-4	12.11	1.30	10.72	6.27	2.22	0.96	1.10	4.19	102.21	24.01	176.99	53.08	1 034.85
DX-5	10.90	1.25	12.16	4.98	1.83	0.79	0.98	3.65	87.24	24.50	186.20	53.56	895.26
样品号	w_B/10^-6
样品号	Nb	Sn	Cs	Ba	Hf	Ta	W	Tl	Pb	Bi	Th	U	La
DX-1	19.49	4.00	5.95	699.41	14.18	0.86	0.69	1.18	25.18	0.08	6.23	1.00	33.20
DX-2	21.82	4.03	6.05	646.50	16.49	0.95	0.71	1.16	25.22	0.09	5.37	1.13	30.50
DX-3	22.88	2.36	3.66	346.29	17.17	1.07	0.92	1.05	25.57	0.06	22.09	2.53	146.00
DX-4	25.34	4.56	5.57	628.40	20.33	1.17	0.73	1.12	24.37	0.29	8.60	1.32	44.20
DX-5	22.78	3.88	5.92	587.87	17.25	1.04	0.78	1.22	25.57	0.11	4.99	1.14	27.80
样品号	w_B/10^-6
样品号	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu
DX-1	73.60	9.85	44.90	9.89	1.36	9.14	1.36	7.47	1.43	4.01	0.61	4.30	0.76
DX-2	67.80	9.32	43.70	10.40	1.31	9.53	1.46	8.07	1.57	4.37	0.66	4.69	0.87
DX-3	300.00	36.30	143.00	22.60	1.00	16.60	2.33	11.80	2.26	6.30	0.89	6.04	1.02
DX-4	99.70	13.50	60.80	13.50	1.25	12.70	1.81	10.20	2.01	5.53	0.82	5.93	1.08
DX-5	65.20	9.11	43.10	10.30	1.29	10.10	1.54	8.49	1.69	4.59	0.70	4.90	0.88
样品号	w_B/10^-6					LREE/ HREE	La_N/ Yb_N	δEu	δCe	10⁴Ga/Al	A/NK	A/CNK	σ
样品号	Y	Sc	∑REE	LREE	HREE	LREE/ HREE	La_N/ Yb_N	δEu	δCe	10⁴Ga/Al	A/NK	A/CNK	σ
DX-1	37.09	6.07	201.93	172.86	29.08	5.94	5.54	0.43	0.99	2.84	1.09	0.93	6.05
DX-2	39.86	6.55	194.18	162.96	31.21	5.22	4.66	0.39	0.98	2.87	1.08	0.92	6.20
DX-3	56.04	3.61	695.24	648.01	47.23	13.72	17.33	0.15	0.98	3.40	1.11	0.98	5.48
DX-4	50.30	8.65	272.89	232.87	40.02	5.82	5.34	0.29	0.99	2.84	1.10	0.90	6.27
DX-5	42.59	6.82	189.60	156.73	32.87	4.77	4.06	0.38	1.00	2.87	1.09	0.92	6.21
样品号	R1	R2	Mg^#	TFeO	Rb/Sr	Rb/Nb	Zr/Hf	Nb/Ta	Y/Nb	Zr/Nb	Ce/Pb	Nd/Th	T_zr/℃
DX-1	1 138.00	492.00	0.05	3.23	3.23	9.25	52.98	22.66	1.90	38.55	2.92	7.21	905.76
DX-2	1 115.00	491.00	0.05	3.38	3.34	8.50	51.31	22.97	1.83	38.78	2.69	8.14	916.73
DX-3	1 223.00	449.00	0.03	3.54	2.85	6.71	47.37	21.38	2.45	35.55	11.73	6.47	923.83
DX-4	1 082.00	532.00	0.05	4.29	3.33	6.98	50.90	21.66	1.99	40.84	4.09	7.07	931.41
DX-5	1 109.00	490.00	0.05	3.55	3.48	8.17	51.90	21.90	1.87	39.30	2.55	8.64	923.07

样品号	w_B/%
样品号	SiO₂	TiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	FeO	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	P₂O₅	烧失量	总量
DX-1	65.64	0.39	16.19	1.41	1.93	0.06	0.16	1.49	3.74	8.00	0.07	0.54	99.62
DX-2	65.53	0.42	16.12	1.22	2.25	0.06	0.18	1.49	3.67	8.18	0.07	0.47	99.66
DX-3	66.20	0.38	16.12	1.93	1.78	0.06	0.13	1.13	4.07	7.24	0.04	0.54	99.62
DX-4	64.11	0.51	15.98	1.49	2.90	0.07	0.22	1.86	3.67	7.89	0.08	0.56	99.34
DX-5	65.23	0.44	16.10	1.32	2.33	0.06	0.17	1.49	3.66	8.14	0.07	0.53	99.54
样品号	w_B/10^-6
样品号	Li	Be	B	V	Cr	Co	Ni	Cu	Zn	Ga	Rb	Sr	Zr
DX-1	17.20	1.22	11.38	4.57	1.73	0.71	0.91	3.96	78.79	24.32	180.25	55.85	751.30
DX-2	14.38	1.05	11.03	4.97	1.86	0.75	1.07	3.47	83.49	24.47	185.53	55.48	846.16
DX-3	11.94	1.42	13.37	4.59	1.76	0.99	0.94	3.99	107.83	28.99	153.43	53.79	813.36
DX-4	12.11	1.30	10.72	6.27	2.22	0.96	1.10	4.19	102.21	24.01	176.99	53.08	1 034.85
DX-5	10.90	1.25	12.16	4.98	1.83	0.79	0.98	3.65	87.24	24.50	186.20	53.56	895.26
样品号	w_B/10^-6
样品号	Nb	Sn	Cs	Ba	Hf	Ta	W	Tl	Pb	Bi	Th	U	La
DX-1	19.49	4.00	5.95	699.41	14.18	0.86	0.69	1.18	25.18	0.08	6.23	1.00	33.20
DX-2	21.82	4.03	6.05	646.50	16.49	0.95	0.71	1.16	25.22	0.09	5.37	1.13	30.50
DX-3	22.88	2.36	3.66	346.29	17.17	1.07	0.92	1.05	25.57	0.06	22.09	2.53	146.00
DX-4	25.34	4.56	5.57	628.40	20.33	1.17	0.73	1.12	24.37	0.29	8.60	1.32	44.20
DX-5	22.78	3.88	5.92	587.87	17.25	1.04	0.78	1.22	25.57	0.11	4.99	1.14	27.80
样品号	w_B/10^-6
样品号	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu
DX-1	73.60	9.85	44.90	9.89	1.36	9.14	1.36	7.47	1.43	4.01	0.61	4.30	0.76
DX-2	67.80	9.32	43.70	10.40	1.31	9.53	1.46	8.07	1.57	4.37	0.66	4.69	0.87
DX-3	300.00	36.30	143.00	22.60	1.00	16.60	2.33	11.80	2.26	6.30	0.89	6.04	1.02
DX-4	99.70	13.50	60.80	13.50	1.25	12.70	1.81	10.20	2.01	5.53	0.82	5.93	1.08
DX-5	65.20	9.11	43.10	10.30	1.29	10.10	1.54	8.49	1.69	4.59	0.70	4.90	0.88
样品号	w_B/10^-6					LREE/ HREE	La_N/ Yb_N	δEu	δCe	10⁴Ga/Al	A/NK	A/CNK	σ
样品号	Y	Sc	∑REE	LREE	HREE	LREE/ HREE	La_N/ Yb_N	δEu	δCe	10⁴Ga/Al	A/NK	A/CNK	σ
DX-1	37.09	6.07	201.93	172.86	29.08	5.94	5.54	0.43	0.99	2.84	1.09	0.93	6.05
DX-2	39.86	6.55	194.18	162.96	31.21	5.22	4.66	0.39	0.98	2.87	1.08	0.92	6.20
DX-3	56.04	3.61	695.24	648.01	47.23	13.72	17.33	0.15	0.98	3.40	1.11	0.98	5.48
DX-4	50.30	8.65	272.89	232.87	40.02	5.82	5.34	0.29	0.99	2.84	1.10	0.90	6.27
DX-5	42.59	6.82	189.60	156.73	32.87	4.77	4.06	0.38	1.00	2.87	1.09	0.92	6.21
样品号	R1	R2	Mg^#	TFeO	Rb/Sr	Rb/Nb	Zr/Hf	Nb/Ta	Y/Nb	Zr/Nb	Ce/Pb	Nd/Th	T_zr/℃
DX-1	1 138.00	492.00	0.05	3.23	3.23	9.25	52.98	22.66	1.90	38.55	2.92	7.21	905.76
DX-2	1 115.00	491.00	0.05	3.38	3.34	8.50	51.31	22.97	1.83	38.78	2.69	8.14	916.73
DX-3	1 223.00	449.00	0.03	3.54	2.85	6.71	47.37	21.38	2.45	35.55	11.73	6.47	923.83
DX-4	1 082.00	532.00	0.05	4.29	3.33	6.98	50.90	21.66	1.99	40.84	4.09	7.07	931.41
DX-5	1 109.00	490.00	0.05	3.55	3.48	8.17	51.90	21.90	1.87	39.30	2.55	8.64	923.07

样品	年龄/Ma	¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf	1σ	¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf	¹⁷⁶Yb/¹⁷⁷Hf	ε_Hf(t)	t_DM1	t_DM2	fLu/Hf
DX-01	403.9	0.282 540	0.000 010	0.001 113	0.044 294	0.41	1 009	1 368	-0.97
DX-02	396.3	0.282 539	0.000 012	0.001 311	0.051 702	0.17	1 016	1 379	-0.96
DX-03	403.7	0.282 536	0.000 011	0.001 045	0.041 787	0.26	1 013	1 376	-0.97
DX-04	412.3	0.282 533	0.000 012	0.001 359	0.052 788	0.28	1 025	1 382	-0.96
DX-05	403.4	0.282 523	0.000 012	0.001 203	0.048 519	-0.27	1 036	1 409	-0.96
DX-06	407.7	0.282 534	0.000 012	0.001 185	0.048 016	0.25	1 019	1 380	-0.96
DX-07	402.7	0.282 573	0.000 011	0.001 646	0.065 856	1.41	976	1 303	-0.95
DX-08	408.1	0.282 528	0.000 011	0.001 146	0.045 338	0.04	1 027	1 393	-0.97
DX-09	400.4	0.282 537	0.000 011	0.000 953	0.036 483	0.26	1 009	1 374	-0.97
DX-10	394.1	0.282 513	0.000 010	0.001 094	0.044 003	-0.76	1 047	1 435	-0.97
DX-11	394.1	0.282 534	0.000 011	0.000 933	0.036 074	0.02	1 013	1 385	-0.97
DX-12	383.2	0.282 558	0.000 011	0.002 967	0.121 009	0.13	1 034	1 369	-0.91
DX-13	390.0	0.282 558	0.000 011	0.000 924	0.031 704	0.81	978	1 332	-0.97
DX-14	394.7	0.282 526	0.000 012	0.001 793	0.074 012	-0.47	1 048	1 417	-0.95
DX-15	396.6	0.282 523	0.000 010	0.001 048	0.041 184	-0.35	1 031	1 409	-0.97