地学前缘 ›› 2016, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (2): 260-268.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.2016.02.024

• 非主题来稿选登 • 上一篇    下一篇

内蒙古河套盆地含氟地下水分布特点及成因

毛若愚, 郭华明, 贾永锋, 姜玉肖, 曹永生, 赵威光, 王振   

  1. 1. 中国地质大学(北京) 地下水循环与环境演化教育部重点实验室, 北京 100083
    2. 中国地质大学(北京) 水资源与环境学院, 北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2015-05-11 修回日期:2015-07-03 出版日期:2016-03-15 发布日期:2016-03-15
  • 作者简介:毛若愚(1993—)，女，硕士研究生，主要从事地下水科学与工程方面的研究工作。E-mail：rymao@cugb.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目(41222020，41172224)；中国地质调查局项目(12120113103700)；霍英东教育基金会基础性研究课题(131017)

Distribution characteristics and genesis of fluoride groundwater in the Hetao basin，Inner Mongolia.

  • Received:2015-05-11 Revised:2015-07-03 Online:2016-03-15 Published:2016-03-15
  • Contact: 郭华明(1975—)，男，教授，博士生导师，主要从事地下水科学与工程方面的教学和研究工作。E-mail：hmguo@cugb.edu.cn

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摘要：

内蒙古河套盆地不仅存在高砷地下水，还存在高氟地下水，严重影响居民的身体健康。尽管高砷地下水开展了大量的研究工作，但对高氟地下水的分布及形成机理却认识不足。在资料检索和和水文地质条件的分析的基础上，通过对406个地下水水样的采集和分析，研究了高氟地下水的化学特征和分布规律，并从矿物溶解与沉淀、蒸发浓缩、解吸与竞争吸附及阳离子交换4个方面探讨了河套盆地山前与平原两种不同水文地质条件下地下水的主要富氟机理。结果显示，406个水样中，超过59%的水样含氟量超过我国饮用水1.0 mg/L的标准，其中山前地下水氟的超标率高于平原地区。高氟地下水表现出富钠、贫钙、弱碱性的特点。平原区高氟地下水的pH、HCO-3、δ18O、δD和TDS普遍高于山前，Ca2+、NO-3普遍低于山前。萤石溶解与方解石沉淀为山前地区氟含量主要控制因素；而蒸发作用、阳离子交换作用、OH-、HCO-3与F-的竞争吸附成为平原地区氟含量的主要控制因素。

关键词: 河套盆地, 水文地球化学, 含氟地下水, 分布特征, 形成原因

Abstract:

Not only high As groundwater but also high F- groundwater have been found in the Hetao basin of Inner Mongolia. Although much work has been done on high As groundwater, little is known about the distribution and genesis of high F- groundwater. Based on reviewing of previous data and hydrogeological setting, 406 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed from the Hetao Basin of Inner Mongolia. Mineral dissolution and precipitation, evaporation, competitive adsorption and desorption, and cation exchange were integrated to discuss the major mechanisms controlling the enrichment of groundwater fluoride in the plain and the piedmont areas in Hetao Basin with different hydrogeological conditions. Results show that over 59% of groundwater samples have fluoride concentration above the Chinas drinking water standards of 1.0 mg/L. Relatively more groundwater samples having fluoride concentrations greater than 1.0 mg/L in the piedmont area which is higher than those in the plain area. Highfluoride groundwater usually show high concentrations of Na+ and alkalinity and low concentration of Ca2+. In the flat plain, groundwater are normally higher in pH, HCO-3, δ18O, δD and TDS, and lower in Ca2+ and NO-3 than those in the piedmont area. The fluorite dissolution and calcite precipitation are the major factors controlling fluoride enrichment in groundwater at the piedmont area, while evaporation, cation exchange, competitive adsorption between OH-, HCO-3 and F- become the main controlling factors in groundwaters of the flat plain.

Key words: Hetao basin, hydrogeochemistry, fluoride groundwater, distribution characteristics, genesis

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