胶东半岛英格庄金矿床钠长花岗岩与闪长玢岩的岩相学、年代学研究:对存在多期金矿化事件的启示

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.3.72

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

胶东半岛面积不足1万km²,却已探明黄金资源储量6 000余t,巨量金成矿特征引发国内外学者的广泛关注和研究。大量测年数据显示胶东金成矿时代集中在(120±5) Ma,然而随着更多的不同金成矿年龄数据相继报道,引发了关于多期成矿的讨论,但这些讨论缺乏与金成矿相对应的地质体的佐证。本研究在英格庄金矿床中发现了可能与金成矿相关的含团块状、树枝状石英的钠长花岗岩和与石英-硫化物脉共生的闪长玢岩。岩体岩相学分析、高精度金银硫含量测试和年代学研究显示,钠长花岗岩具有富硫((17~2 134)×10^-6)、金(平均5.2×10^-9)和挥发分的特征,指示高分异花岗质岩浆演化晚期可出溶富硅、硫和金的溶体,形成含金石英硫化物脉。钠长花岗岩中岩浆榍石U-Pb年龄为(144.5±1.8) Ma,与石英硫化物脉近同时形成的闪长玢岩锆石U-Pb年龄为(147.1±0.58) Ma,说明胶东可能存在147~144 Ma与碱性岩有关金成矿/矿化作用。

关键词: 胶东, 英格庄金矿, 钠长花岗岩, 高精度金丰度测试, 榍石U-Pb定年

Abstract:

The Jiaodong Peninsula, despite covering less than 10000 km², has proven gold reserves exceeding 6000 tons, and its massive gold mineralization characteristics have attracted widespread attention and research from both domestic and international scholars. Numerous dating studies show that the gold mineralization in Jiaodong is concentrated around 120±5 Ma. However, with the reporting of more varying gold mineralization age data, discussions about multi-stage mineralization have arisen, although these discussions lack evidence from geological bodies directly related to gold mineralization. This study discovered potential gold-related rocks at the Yinggezhuang gold deposit, including albite granite containing nodular and dendritic quartz and diorite porphyry coexisting with quartz-sulfide veins. Through petrographic analysis, precise gold, silver, sulfur content determination, and dating studies, the albitite granite was characterized by high sulfur ((17-2134)×10^-6), gold (average 5.2×10^-9), and volatile content. These features suggest that at the late stage of high-fractionation granite magma evolution, molten bodies rich in silica, sulfur, and gold might have resulted in gold-bearing quartz-sulfide veins. The U-Pb age of the magmatic titanite in the albite granite is 144.5±1.8 Ma, while the U-Pb age of zircons from the diorite porphyry that nearly simultaneously formed with the quartz-sulfide vein is 147.1±0.58 Ma, indicating that the Jiaodong region may have experienced gold mineralization events related to alkaline magmatic activity around 147-144 Ma.

Key words: Jiaodong, Yinggezhuang gold deposit, albite granite, high-precision gold abundance testing, titanite U-Pb chronology

中图分类号:

王业明, 雷万杉, 张海东, 王腾, 赵博, 田洪浩. 胶东半岛英格庄金矿床钠长花岗岩与闪长玢岩的岩相学、年代学研究:对存在多期金矿化事件的启示[J]. 地学前缘, 2025, 32(4): 405-421.

WANG Yeming, LEI Wanshan, ZHANG Haidong, WANG Teng, ZHAO Bo, TIAN Honghao. Petrographic and geochronological studies of albite granite and diorite porphyry in the Yinggezhuang gold deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula: Implications for multi-stage gold mineralization events[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2025, 32(4): 405-421.

图/表 11

图1 胶东半岛和牟平—乳山成矿带地质图 a—华北克拉通地质简图及金矿床分布(据文献[10]补充修改);b—胶东地区地质简图及金成矿带与金矿床分布图(据文献[10]补充修改);c—牟平—乳山成矿带地质矿床分布图(据文献[42]补充修改)。

Fig.1 Geological map of the Jiaodong Peninsula and Mouping-Rushan metallogenic belt

表1 牟乳金成矿带岩浆岩年龄一览表

Table 1 List of magmatic rock ages in the Mou-Ru gold metallogenic belt

岩体	岩体岩性	测定方法	年龄/Ma	资料来源
晚侏罗世花岗岩体	鹊山石英二长岩	锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb	154.0	文献[47]
	鹊山二长花岗岩	锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb	156.3	文献[47]
	昆嵛山二长花岗岩	锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb	157.57	文献[48]
	垛固山花岗闪长岩	锆石SHRIMP U-Pb	161	文献[43]
	瓦善二长花岗岩	锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb	155.8	文献[44]
	瓦善二长花岗岩	锆石SHRIMP U-Pb	146~138	文献[47]
	五爪山含榴二长花岗岩	锆石SHRIMP U-Pb	142	文献[47]
早白垩世花岗岩体	三佛山正长花岗岩	锆石SHRIMP U-Pb	113	文献[47]
	三佛山正长花岗岩	单颗粒锆石同位素稀释法	112	文献[47]
	三佛山正长花岗岩	锆石SHRIMP U-Pb	111	文献[49]
	三佛山二长花岗岩	锆石SHRIMP U-Pb	118	文献[50]
	三佛山花岗岩	锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb	119.6~114.2	文献[45]
早白垩世中基性脉岩	煌斑岩脉	锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb	113.8	文献[51]
	碱性煌斑岩脉	锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb	118.2	文献[46]
	辉绿岩脉	锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb	117.5	文献[52]
	闪长玢岩	锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb	123.8	文献[52]
	闪长玢岩	锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb	117.6	文献[53]

图2 英格庄金矿床矿区地质图(a)及A-A'、B-B'勘探线剖面图(b,c)(据文献[60]修改)

Fig.2 Geological map of the Yingezhuang gold deposit mining area (a) and exploration line profiles of A-A' and B-B' (b,c). Modified after [60].

图3 英格庄金矿床闪长玢岩、钠长花岗岩岩相学特征 a—与石英硫化物脉共生的闪长玢岩手标本特征,接触界面白色波状冷凝边;b—石英硫化物脉和闪长玢岩正交镜下特征,接触界面自形巨粒石英生长;c—石英硫化物脉和闪长玢岩反射光照片;d—钠长花岗岩产出特征;e—钠长花岗岩富含团块状、树枝状石英;f—石英带、钠长花岗岩镜下特征;g—钠长岩带正交镜下矿物组成;h—钠长花岗岩反射光照片,表面多孔洞,黄铜矿发育;i—钠长花岗岩硫化物反射光下特征;j—黄铁矿反射光下特征;k—碲银矿与黄铁矿共生;l—碲银矿与黄铁矿、方铅矿共生。Sul—硫化物;Pl—斜长石;Ab—钠长石;Qtz—石英;Cal—方解石;Bt—黑云母;Ap—磷灰石;Aln—褐帘石;Py—黄铁矿;Ccp—黄铜矿;Gn—方铅矿;Hes—碲银矿。

Fig.3 Petrographic characteristics of dioritic porphyrite and albite granite in the Yingezhuang gold deposit

图4 英格庄金矿床钠长花岗岩榍石矿物组成镜下特征及背散射(BSE)照片 a—榍石样品的手标本特征;b—它形大颗粒榍石与石英、钠长石、钛闪石和黄铁矿共生;c—自形榍石与方解石、钛闪石共生;d—榍石与钛闪石、方解石、黄铁矿密切共生;e—自形榍石BSE图像,成分均匀,与石英、钠长石共生;f—半自形-自形榍石与石英、钠长石、斜长石共生,BSE图像成分均匀。Ttn—榍石;Ab—钠长石;Qtz—石英;Kfs—钾长石;Pl—斜长石;Cal—方解石;Di—透辉石;Krs—钛闪石;Py—黄铁矿。

Fig.4 Microscopic characteristics and backscattered electron (BSE) images of the titanite mineral composition in albite granite from the Yingezhuang gold deposit

表2 英格庄金矿床钠长岩全岩金、银含量测试结果表

Table 2 Results of whole-rock gold and silver contents in albite from the Yingezhuang gold deposit

样品编号	Au含量/10^-9	标准差/10^-9	Ag含量/10^-9	硫平均含量/10^-6	标准差/10^-6
23RS-1-1	11.89	0.16	109.20	2 134	410
23RS-4-1	10.93	0.33	61.81	246	27.67
23RS-5-1	1.69	0.03	8.27	31.78	1.05
23RS-6-2	0.19	0.01	7.86	17.03	3.49
23RS-7-1	1.41	0.06	9.47	55.42	7.38

表3 英格庄金矿床榍石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素数据

Table 3 LA-ICP-MS U-Pb isotope data for titanite from the Yingezhuang gold deposit

测点号	元素含量/10^-6			同位素比值及误差				²⁰⁷Pb校正年龄及误差/Ma		f₂₀₆
测点号	Pb	Th	U	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb	1σ	²³⁸U/²⁰⁶Pb	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U	1σ	f₂₀₆
RS-7-1-01	9.11	107	273	0.129 5	0.001 9	38.26	0.38	149.7	1.5	0.101
RS-7-1-02	11.65	74.8	420	0.105 2	0.001 7	41.54	0.37	142.6	1.3	0.071
RS-7-1-03	10.43	87.4	340	0.119 6	0.002	39.67	0.37	146.4	1.4	0.089
RS-7-1-04	10.64	112	361	0.109 5	0.002	40.64	0.37	144.9	1.4	0.076
RS-7-1-05	10.00	105	321	0.114 5	0.001 9	39.36	0.38	148.6	1.5	0.082
RS-7-1-06	7.53	72.1	206	0.152 6	0.002 9	36.77	0.42	150.8	1.8	0.130
RS-7-1-07	10.58	85	297	0.150 5	0.006 6	37.13	0.75	149.7	3.3	0.127
RS-7-1-08	12.58	166	414	0.105	0.002	40.12	0.46	147.6	1.7	0.070
RS-7-1-09	11.54	152	359	0.112 7	0.003 1	38.48	0.48	152.4	2	0.080
RS-7-1-10	11.24	76.6	387	0.112 4	0.002 1	40.75	0.41	144.0	1.5	0.080
RS-7-1-11	9.42	124	269	0.129 1	0.002 1	38.46	0.42	149.0	1.7	0.101
RS-7-1-12	8.60	70	229	0.157 1	0.003 1	36.73	0.43	149.9	1.9	0.136
RS-7-1-13	9.28	76.2	250	0.150 1	0.003 8	36.58	0.45	152.1	2	0.127
RS-7-1-14	9.10	82.3	265	0.130 5	0.002 4	38.09	0.42	150.1	1.7	0.102
RS-7-1-15	9.74	88.6	287	0.124 9	0.002	38.55	0.38	149.5	1.5	0.095
RS-7-1-16	8.98	86.3	231	0.159 9	0.002 5	36.37	0.44	150.8	1.9	0.139
RS-7-1-17	7.85	71.4	213	0.146 3	0.002 7	37.3	0.41	150.0	1.7	0.122
RS-7-1-18	6.13	70.7	141	0.178 4	0.004	34.82	0.44	153.3	2.1	0.162
RS-7-1-19	8.68	91	178	0.208 5	0.004 9	32.64	0.48	156.1	2.6	0.200
RS-7-1-20	5.86	80.3	124	0.193 2	0.004 3	33.86	0.5	154.1	2.4	0.181
RS-7-1-21	5.62	73.4	119	0.190 4	0.003 9	33.79	0.36	155.1	1.9	0.177
RS-7-1-22	7.68	65.2	98.9	0.322 7	0.008 5	26.3	0.38	159.0	3.4	0.343
RS-7-1-23	8.10	59.9	97.3	0.337 3	0.006 9	24.65	0.31	164.9	3	0.361
RS-7-1-24	6.13	69.3	110	0.234 2	0.004 7	30.41	0.55	160.8	3.2	0.232
RS-7-1-25	6.45	82.4	147	0.175 3	0.003 7	34.95	0.4	153.4	1.9	0.158
RS-7-1-26	6.33	73.9	144	0.173 6	0.004 2	34.82	0.53	154.4	2.5	0.156
RS-7-1-27	8.88	71.2	199	0.188 3	0.005 6	34.72	0.55	151.5	2.7	0.175
RS-7-1-28	9.66	105	287	0.117 8	0.002 9	39.12	0.49	148.8	1.9	0.086
RS-7-1-29	8.07	78.9	234	0.125	0.002 6	37.79	0.59	152.5	2.4	0.095
RS-7-1-30	9.76	105	277	0.123 5	0.002 1	37.78	0.43	152.9	1.8	0.093

表3 英格庄金矿床榍石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素数据

Table 3 LA-ICP-MS U-Pb isotope data for titanite from the Yingezhuang gold deposit

测点号	元素含量/10^-6			同位素比值及误差				²⁰⁷Pb校正年龄及误差/Ma		f₂₀₆
测点号	Pb	Th	U	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb	1σ	²³⁸U/²⁰⁶Pb	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U	1σ	f₂₀₆
RS-7-1-01	9.11	107	273	0.129 5	0.001 9	38.26	0.38	149.7	1.5	0.101
RS-7-1-02	11.65	74.8	420	0.105 2	0.001 7	41.54	0.37	142.6	1.3	0.071
RS-7-1-03	10.43	87.4	340	0.119 6	0.002	39.67	0.37	146.4	1.4	0.089
RS-7-1-04	10.64	112	361	0.109 5	0.002	40.64	0.37	144.9	1.4	0.076
RS-7-1-05	10.00	105	321	0.114 5	0.001 9	39.36	0.38	148.6	1.5	0.082
RS-7-1-06	7.53	72.1	206	0.152 6	0.002 9	36.77	0.42	150.8	1.8	0.130
RS-7-1-07	10.58	85	297	0.150 5	0.006 6	37.13	0.75	149.7	3.3	0.127
RS-7-1-08	12.58	166	414	0.105	0.002	40.12	0.46	147.6	1.7	0.070
RS-7-1-09	11.54	152	359	0.112 7	0.003 1	38.48	0.48	152.4	2	0.080
RS-7-1-10	11.24	76.6	387	0.112 4	0.002 1	40.75	0.41	144.0	1.5	0.080
RS-7-1-11	9.42	124	269	0.129 1	0.002 1	38.46	0.42	149.0	1.7	0.101
RS-7-1-12	8.60	70	229	0.157 1	0.003 1	36.73	0.43	149.9	1.9	0.136
RS-7-1-13	9.28	76.2	250	0.150 1	0.003 8	36.58	0.45	152.1	2	0.127
RS-7-1-14	9.10	82.3	265	0.130 5	0.002 4	38.09	0.42	150.1	1.7	0.102
RS-7-1-15	9.74	88.6	287	0.124 9	0.002	38.55	0.38	149.5	1.5	0.095
RS-7-1-16	8.98	86.3	231	0.159 9	0.002 5	36.37	0.44	150.8	1.9	0.139
RS-7-1-17	7.85	71.4	213	0.146 3	0.002 7	37.3	0.41	150.0	1.7	0.122
RS-7-1-18	6.13	70.7	141	0.178 4	0.004	34.82	0.44	153.3	2.1	0.162
RS-7-1-19	8.68	91	178	0.208 5	0.004 9	32.64	0.48	156.1	2.6	0.200
RS-7-1-20	5.86	80.3	124	0.193 2	0.004 3	33.86	0.5	154.1	2.4	0.181
RS-7-1-21	5.62	73.4	119	0.190 4	0.003 9	33.79	0.36	155.1	1.9	0.177
RS-7-1-22	7.68	65.2	98.9	0.322 7	0.008 5	26.3	0.38	159.0	3.4	0.343
RS-7-1-23	8.10	59.9	97.3	0.337 3	0.006 9	24.65	0.31	164.9	3	0.361
RS-7-1-24	6.13	69.3	110	0.234 2	0.004 7	30.41	0.55	160.8	3.2	0.232
RS-7-1-25	6.45	82.4	147	0.175 3	0.003 7	34.95	0.4	153.4	1.9	0.158
RS-7-1-26	6.33	73.9	144	0.173 6	0.004 2	34.82	0.53	154.4	2.5	0.156
RS-7-1-27	8.88	71.2	199	0.188 3	0.005 6	34.72	0.55	151.5	2.7	0.175
RS-7-1-28	9.66	105	287	0.117 8	0.002 9	39.12	0.49	148.8	1.9	0.086
RS-7-1-29	8.07	78.9	234	0.125	0.002 6	37.79	0.59	152.5	2.4	0.095
RS-7-1-30	9.76	105	277	0.123 5	0.002 1	37.78	0.43	152.9	1.8	0.093

图5 英格庄金矿床榍石U-Pb同位素Tera-Wasserburg图解

Fig.5 Tera-Wasserburg diagram of U-Pb isotopes in titanite from the Yingezhuang gold deposit

图6 英格庄金矿床锆石U-Pb同位素年龄(a)及典型锆石CL图像(b)

Fig.6 Age of U-Pb isotopes in zircon (a) and typical CL images of zircon (b) from the Yingezhuang gold deposit

表4 英格庄金矿床闪长玢岩LA-CP-MS锆石U-Pb测试结果表

Table 4 LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb test results for dioritic porphyry from the Yingezhuang gold deposit

图7 焦家金矿床ZK01深钻及金青顶金矿床中与金成矿有关的钠长花岗岩特征 a-c—焦家ZK01深钻含金岩心样中的钠长花岗岩手标本和镜下特征;d-f—金青顶金矿床矿体中的钠长花岗岩手标本特征、TIMA矿物组成和显微镜下特征。Ab—钠长石;Qtz—石英。

Fig.7 Characteristics of albite granite associated with gold mineralization in the deep drill Hole ZK01 of the Jiaojia gold deposit and the Jinqingding gold deposit

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