胶西北蚀变岩型金矿构造控矿机制与三维深部定位预测

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.4.61

地学前缘 ›› 2025, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (4): 140-154.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.4.61

胶西北蚀变岩型金矿构造控矿机制与三维深部定位预测

王斌¹^,²(), 周明岭¹, 丁正江¹^,^*(), 张琪彬¹, 刘向东¹, 吕军阳¹, 周晓萍¹

1.山东省地质矿产勘查开发局第六地质大队, 自然资源部深部金矿勘查开采技术创新中心, 深部金矿探测大数据应用开发山东省工程研究中心, 山东威海 264209
2.吉林大学地球科学学院, 吉林长春 130061

收稿日期:2024-11-15 修回日期:2025-05-08 出版日期:2025-07-25 发布日期:2025-08-04
通信作者: *丁正江(1977—),男,研究员,主要从事矿产勘查及矿床学研究。E-mail: ytdzhi@126.com
作者简介:王斌(1990—),男,高级工程师,从事成矿理论研究与矿产勘查工作。E-mail: wangbinjlu@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC2906904);山东省泰山学者工程项目(tstp20240847);自然资源部新一轮找矿突破战略行动科技支撑项目(ZKKJ202419);山东省地矿局海洋地质勘查项目(HJ202505)

Tectonic controls and 3D deep exploration targeting of altered rock-type gold deposits in the northwestern Jiaodong Peninsula, China

WANG Bin¹^,²(), ZHOU Mingling¹, DING Zhengjiang¹^,^*(), ZHANG Qibin¹, LIU Xiangdong¹, LÜ Junyang¹, ZHOU Xiaoping¹

1. Ministry of Natural Resources Technology Innovation Center for Deep Gold Resources Exploration and Mining, Development and Application of Big Data for Deep Exploration of Gold Mines Shandong Engineering Research Center, No. 6 Geological Team of Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Weihai 264209, China
2. College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China

Received:2024-11-15 Revised:2025-05-08 Online:2025-07-25 Published:2025-08-04

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

胶西北金矿集中区以产出蚀变岩型金矿床为主,矿床产出严格受断裂构造控制,三山岛、焦家和招远-平度断裂带控制了胶东80%以上的金资源量,断裂构造控矿规律一直是地质工作者勘查和研究的焦点问题。本文基于胶西北金矿集中区大量勘查资料,剖析总结了断裂形态变化与矿体空间分布耦合关系,揭示了断裂控矿规律。蚀变岩型金矿体(群)严格受区域性NE-NNE向脆-韧性构造控制,绝大多数矿体圈闭赋存于主裂面之下。矿体产出空间受控矿构造成矿期活动制约,成矿前构造活动形成的波状结构形态明显控制了矿体(群)空间形态和富集。典型蚀变岩型金矿体(群)的空间分布上具有明显的规律性,表现为明显的倾伏和斜列产出特征,说明它们是在共同的、统一的构造应力场中形成的;矿床的倾伏和斜列同样受控矿构造产状控制,且具有合理的力学协调关系。蚀变带厚度与控矿构造含矿率表现为明显的正相关,相关性系数为0.73,为较显著相关,反映出蚀变带规模与金矿化关系较密切。胶西北典型蚀变岩型矿床研究发现,诸矿床富集带内主要矿体沿倾伏方向矿化强度表现为强矿化段和弱矿化段(无矿段)交替出现,可称为沿倾伏方位的分段富集规律。上述规律性认识可以为深部矿体定位预测提供重要依据。

关键词: 构造控矿, 分带富集, 蚀变岩型, 胶东金矿, 含矿率

Abstract:

The Jiaoxibei gold concentration area is dominated by altered rock-type gold deposits, which are strictly controlled by fault structures. The NE-NNE-trending Sanshandao, Jiaojia, and Zhaoyuan-Pingdu fracture zones collectively control over 80% of the gold resources in the Jiaodong Peninsula, making the study of structural ore-controlling mechanisms a primary focus for geologists. Utilizing extensive exploration data from the Jiaoxibei area, this study analyzes and synthesizes the coupling relationship between fracture morphology variations and orebody spatial distribution, thereby revealing key structural controls on mineralization. Altered rock-type gold ore bodies are strictly governed by regional NE-NNE-trending brittle-ductile structures, predominantly occurring beneath the main fracture plane. The spatial distribution of ore bodies is constrained by the activity of ore-controlling structures during the mineralization period. Furthermore, pre-mineralization wave-like structures exert significant control over the spatial morphology and enrichment of the ore bodies. Typical ore bodies exhibit distinct spatial distribution patterns characterized by leaning and slanting arrangements, indicating their formation within a unified tectonic stress field. A marked positive correlation (correlation coefficient = 0.73) exists between the thickness of the alteration zone and the mineralization rate of the ore-controlling structure, reflecting the close association between alteration scale and gold mineralization. Studies of representative altered rock-type deposits in Jiaoxibei reveal that the mineralization intensity of main ore bodies within enrichment zones alternates between strong and weak (or barren) segments along the direction of inclination. This pattern is termed the directional zoning of enrichment along the inclination. The insights gained into these regularities provide a significant basis for predicting the location of deep ore bodies.

Key words: tectonic ore control, zoning enrichment, altered rock-type gold deposits, Jiaodong gold deposit, mineralization rate

中图分类号:

王斌, 周明岭, 丁正江, 张琪彬, 刘向东, 吕军阳, 周晓萍. 胶西北蚀变岩型金矿构造控矿机制与三维深部定位预测[J]. 地学前缘, 2025, 32(4): 140-154.

WANG Bin, ZHOU Mingling, DING Zhengjiang, ZHANG Qibin, LIU Xiangdong, LÜ Junyang, ZHOU Xiaoping. Tectonic controls and 3D deep exploration targeting of altered rock-type gold deposits in the northwestern Jiaodong Peninsula, China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2025, 32(4): 140-154.

图/表 13

图1 胶东区域地质和金矿分布图(据文献[11]修改)

Fig.1 Geologic and gold distribution map of the Jiaodong Peninsula. Modified after [11].

图2 三山岛区域地质简图

Fig.2 Regional geologic map of the southern section of the Sanshandao fault

图3 焦家断裂带区域地质简图

Fig.3 Regional geologic map of the southern section of the Jiaojia fault

图4 招远-平度断裂带南段区域地质图 1—第四系;2—王世群;3—青山群;4—莱阳群;5—粉子山群;6—荆山群;7—唐家庄岩群;8—崂山期花岗岩;9—伟德山期花岗岩;10—玲珑期花岗岩;11—柳林庄期;12—莱州组合;13—谭格庄片麻岩套;14—栖霞片麻岩套;15—马连庄组合;16—官地洼组合;17—青山群浅火山岩;18—花岗斑岩;19—闪长玢岩;20—煌斑岩;21—地质界线;22—地质不整合界线;23—压扭性断裂及产状;24—张性断裂及产状;25—韧性变形带;26—大型金矿床;27—中小型金矿床。

Fig.4 Regional geologic map of the southern section of the Zhaoyuan-Pingdu fault

图5 焦家金矿104号勘探线剖面图(据文献[28]修改) 1—玲珑期花岗岩;2—马连庄组合斜长角闪岩(变辉长岩);3—弱黄铁绢英岩化斜长角闪岩;4—黄铁绢英岩化碎裂岩;5—黄铁绢英岩化花岗质碎裂岩;6—黄铁绢英岩化花岗岩;7—煌斑岩;8—矿体及编号;9—主裂面;10—坑道工程;11—钻孔。

Fig.5 Profile of exploration line 104 of the Jiaojia gold deposit. Modified after [28].

图6 各矿区(段)蚀变岩带厚度与含矿率关系示意图图中各矿区蚀变带平均厚度值为主控矿断裂带内下盘蚀变带厚度平均值。

Fig.6 Schematic illustration of the relationship between the thickness of the alteration zones and the ore-bearing rate of each mining area

表1 蚀变岩型金矿控矿构造含矿率统计表

Table 1 Statistical table of ore-bearing rate of ore control structure of altered rock type gold deposit

控矿断裂	矿区(段)名称	含矿蚀变带厚度/m	Au矿床规模/t	斜面积/ km²	Au含矿率/ (t·km^-2)	平均Au含矿率/ (t·km^-2)
三山岛断裂带	三山岛北部海域	157	465	5.47	85.01	73.70
	三山岛	106	135.4	2.21	61.27
	新立	95	166.4	3.66	45.46
	仓上	102	27.4	0.42	65.24
	西岭	184	382.6	3.60	106.28
	单山	85	18.6	0.86	21.63
焦家断裂带	姚家	43	4.8	1.89	2.54	49.95
	新城	176	118.2	2.06	57.38
	焦家	182	103.3	2.30	44.91
	马塘	108	9.4	0.72	13.06
	寺庄	208	37.4	0.49	76.33
	曲家	147	107.3	3.06	35.07
	纱岭	204	372.8	4.56	81.75
招远-平度断裂带	台上	150	75.8	1.94	39.07	33.63
	大尹格庄	107	130.7	4.18	31.27
	夏甸	121	116.3	3.07	37.88
	山旺	50	5	0.69	7.25
	水旺庄	166	170.5	3.31	51.51
	玲南深部	147	98	2.82	34.75
	后仓	105	37.2	2.83	13.14

图7 典型矿床构造蚀变岩带赋存金矿资源量分布图(图中数字代表金金属量/占比)

Fig.7 Distribution of gold resources in structural altered rock zones of typical deposits. (The numbers in the figure represent the amount/percentage of gold metal)

图8 NE-NNE向弧形断裂控矿模式图

Fig.8 Map of NE-NNE oriented arc fracture ore control models

图9 焦家断裂带成矿期活动派生构造控矿模式图 a、b—张性羽列;c、d—张性雁列脉。

Fig.9 Active derived structural control pattern of the Jiaojia fracture zone during the mineralization period

图10 蚀变岩型金矿典型矿床矿化富集规律及成矿预测图(据文献[34]修改)

Fig.10 Mineralization enrichment pattern and prediction of altered rock type gold deposits. Modified after [34].

图11 大尹格庄和曹家洼金矿床矿化富集规律图

Fig.11 Mineralization enrichment pattern of Dayingezhuang and Caojiawa gold deposits

图12 区域性金矿控矿构造波状结构控矿规律(模型)示意图解

Fig.12 Schematic interpretation of the wavy texture of the regional gold ore control structure

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胶西北蚀变岩型金矿构造控矿机制与三维深部定位预测

Tectonic controls and 3D deep exploration targeting of altered rock-type gold deposits in the northwestern Jiaodong Peninsula, China

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