城市地球关键带水文过程与水环境和水资源研究:现状、挑战与未来

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.3.28

地学前缘 ›› 2025, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (3): 445-461.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.3.28

• 地球系统关键带水循环过程 • 上一篇

城市地球关键带水文过程与水环境和水资源研究:现状、挑战与未来

桑丽源¹^,²(), 郭威¹^,², 张静文¹^,², 刘艺轩¹^,², 章同坤¹^,², 张竹卿¹^,², 岳展鹏¹^,², 李丹阳¹^,², 张润¹^,², 张旭¹^,², 唐伟平¹^,², 刘展航¹^,², 丁虎¹^,², 郎赟超¹^,², 刘丛强¹^,²^,^*()

1.天津大学地球系统科学学院, 表层地球系统科学研究院, 天津 300072
2.天津环渤海滨海地球关键带国家野外科学观测研究站, 天津 300072

收稿日期:2025-02-09 修回日期:2025-02-20 出版日期:2025-03-25 发布日期:2025-04-20
通信作者: ^*刘丛强(1955—),男,中国科学院院士,美国地球化学学会和欧洲地球化学学会会士,爱丁堡皇家学会外籍院士,主要从事表层地球系统科学研究。E-mail:liucongqiang@tju.edu.cn
作者简介:桑丽源(1996—),女,博士研究生,地球系统科学专业,致力于城市地球关键带水文与水环境方面的研究。E-mail:sangliyuan@tju.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金重大项目(42293262)

Current status, challenges, and future directions of research on hydrological processes, water environment, and water resources in the urban Earth’s critical zone

SANG Liyuan¹^,²(), GUO Wei¹^,², ZHANG Jingwen¹^,², LIU Yixuan¹^,², ZHANG Tongkun¹^,², ZHANG Zhuqing¹^,², YUE Zhanpeng¹^,², LI Danyang¹^,², ZHANG Run¹^,², ZHANG Xu¹^,², TANG Weiping¹^,², LIU Zhanhang¹^,², DING Hu¹^,², LANG Yunchao¹^,², Liu Cong-Qiang¹^,²^,^*()

1. Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
2. Tianjin Bohai Rim Coastal Earth Critical Zone National Observation and Research Station, Tianjin 300072, China

Received:2025-02-09 Revised:2025-02-20 Online:2025-03-25 Published:2025-04-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

城市化和城市发展是对生态环境影响最显著的人类活动,伴随人口增长和消费水平提升,城市化引发了一系列复杂的水资源与水环境问题。尤其在发展中国家,城市排水系统不足加剧了水环境恶化,严重威胁城市健康与可持续发展目标。为此,从地球系统科学视角探讨城市三维下垫面结构、水文过程与水资源管理之间的复杂关系成为关键科学问题。本研究基于“地球关键带科学”和“社会-生态系统科学理论”,系统梳理了城市下垫面结构与水循环动态变化、水环境质量及水资源可持续利用的耦合机制。通过整合物理、化学与生物过程,研究揭示了不透水面扩张对降水-径流-渗透动态平衡、污染物迁移及水资源供需分配的影响机制,强调社会与自然系统耦合研究对水资源优化管理的重要性。此外,研究结合水文过程与生态系统服务的关联,深入分析了水文动态对生态系统服务功能及人类福祉的调控作用,初步提出了基于社会-生态系统理论的城市水资源可持续管理框架。该框架为理解城市水文系统结构-过程-功能的耦合机制提供了科学支撑。本综述研究不仅有助于理解复杂的城市水文动态与生态服务关系,打通水文分支学科间壁垒,还为城市水资源管理和政策制定提供了理论依据和实践指导。

关键词: 城市地球关键带, 水文过程, 水环境, 水资源, 城市社会-生态系统

Abstract:

Urbanization and urban development are among the most significant human activities impacting the ecological environment. Accompanied by population growth and increased consumption levels, urbanization has triggered a series of complex water resource and water environment issues. Inadequate urban drainage systems, particularly in developing countries, exacerbate the deterioration of water environments and pose a serious threat to urban health and sustainable development goals. Therefore, it is a key scientific issue to explore the complex relationship between the three-dimensional urban subsurface structure, hydrological processes and water resources management from the perspective of earth system science. This study, based on the ‘Earth’s critical zone science’ and ‘social-ecological system science theory’, systematically reviews the coupling mechanisms between urban surface structures, dynamic changes in the water cycle, water quality, and the sustainable utilization of water resources. By integrating physical, chemical, and biological processes, this study reveals the impact mechanisms of impervious surface expansion on the precipitation-runoff-infiltration dynamic balance, pollutant transport, and the supply-demand distribution of water resources. We emphasizes the importance of the coupling between social and natural systems for the optimization of water resource management. In addition, the study combines the linkage between hydrological processes and ecosystem services, analyses the role of hydrological dynamics in regulating the functioning of ecosystem services and human well-being, and initially proposes a framework for the sustainable management of urban water resources based on the social-ecological system theory. This framework provides scientific support for understanding the coupling mechanism of structure-process-function of urban hydrological systems. This review not only helps to understand the complex relationship between urban hydrological dynamics and ecological services, and to break down the barriers between hydrological subdisciplines, but also provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance for managing urban water resources and setting policies.

Key words: urban Earth’s critical zone, hydrological processes, water environment, water resources, urban society-ecosystem

中图分类号:

P33
TV213

桑丽源, 郭威, 张静文, 刘艺轩, 章同坤, 张竹卿, 岳展鹏, 李丹阳, 张润, 张旭, 唐伟平, 刘展航, 丁虎, 郎赟超, 刘丛强. 城市地球关键带水文过程与水环境和水资源研究:现状、挑战与未来[J]. 地学前缘, 2025, 32(3): 445-461.

SANG Liyuan, GUO Wei, ZHANG Jingwen, LIU Yixuan, ZHANG Tongkun, ZHANG Zhuqing, YUE Zhanpeng, LI Danyang, ZHANG Run, ZHANG Xu, TANG Weiping, LIU Zhanhang, DING Hu, LANG Yunchao, Liu Cong-Qiang. Current status, challenges, and future directions of research on hydrological processes, water environment, and water resources in the urban Earth’s critical zone[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2025, 32(3): 445-461.

图/表 6

图1 城市不同下垫面结构对气温和降水的不平衡影响(据文献[24]补充修改)

Fig.1 The imbalanced impacts of different urban underlying surface structures on temperature and precipitation. Modified after [24].

图2 城市和天然下垫面径流过程理论曲线对比示意图(据文献[38]修改)

Fig.2 Comparative diagram of theoretical runoff process curves between urban and natural underlying surfaces. Modified after [38].

图3 城市化导致的水质下降及水生态系统退化示意图(主要据文献[56]补充修改)

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of water quality deterioration and water ecosystem degradation caused by urbanization. Modified after [56].

图4 城市地球关键带核心特征升级概念模型(据文献[102]补充修改)

Fig.4 Conceptual model for upgrading the core features of the urban geo-critical zone. Modified after [102].

图5 城市地球关键带水循环、水环境与水资源的系统模式图(据文献[123]补充修改)

Fig.5 System model diagram of the water cycle, water environment and water resources in the urban Earth’s critical zone. Modified after [123].

图6 基于社会生态系统理论框架的城市地球关键带水文水资源管理流程图(据文献[142]补充修改)

Fig.6 Flowchart of hydrological water resources management in the urban Earth’s critical zone based on the socio-ecological system theoretical framework. Modified after [142].

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城市地球关键带水文过程与水环境和水资源研究:现状、挑战与未来

Current status, challenges, and future directions of research on hydrological processes, water environment, and water resources in the urban Earth’s critical zone

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