基于水循环分析的水资源乘数效应评价:以黄河上游北川河流域为例

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.1.27

地学前缘 ›› 2022, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (3): 263-270.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.1.27

基于水循环分析的水资源乘数效应评价:以黄河上游北川河流域为例

朱亮¹(), 刘景涛¹^,²^,^*(), 张玉玺¹^,², 刘丹丹³, 角世哲⁴

1.中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所, 河北石家庄 050061
2.中国地质调查局/河北省地下水污染机理与修复重点实验室, 河北石家庄 050061
3.中国地质调查局水文地质环境地质调查中心, 河北保定 071051
4.中冶地勘岩土工程有限责任公司, 河北廊坊 065200

收稿日期:2021-11-05 修回日期:2022-03-27 出版日期:2022-05-25 发布日期:2022-04-28
通讯作者: 刘景涛
作者简介:朱亮(1984—),男,博士,助理研究员,主要从事水文地质与水资源方面的研究工作。E-mail: liangzhuz@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41807213);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20190331)

Evaluation of water resource multiple effect based on the analysis of water circulation: An example of the Beichuan River Basin upstream of the Yellow River

ZHU Liang¹(), LIU Jingtao¹^,²^,^*(), ZHANG Yuxi¹^,², LIU Dandan³, JIAO Shizhe⁴

1. Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
2. China Geological Survey/Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Groundwater Pollution Mechanism and Remediation, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
3. Hydrogeology Equipment Geological Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Baoding 071051, China
4. ZhongYeDiKan Geotechnical Engineering Co., Ltd., Langfang 065200, China

Received:2021-11-05 Revised:2022-03-27 Online:2022-05-25 Published:2022-04-28
Contact: LIU Jingtao

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对半干旱地区大规模植被恢复对流域水资源的影响,引入经济学的乘数效应理论,探索创建了基于流域水循环演变的水资源效应评价模型,从广义水资源的角度出发,评价了植被恢复引起水循环演变条件下水资源效应的变化趋势。结果表明:大规模植被恢复引起北川河流域水循环条件发生明显变化,在降水条件基本稳定的情况下,植被恢复前后地表产流系数从0.254降为0.207,基流系数从0.156降为0.134;陆地水循环过程中,土壤-植被系统的有效用水占比增加,土壤水-地下水系统有效用水占比减小;单位降水量(100 mm)的狭义水资源效应降低了7.2 mm,涵盖生态效应的广义水资源效应增加了5.2 mm,水循环变化引起流域水资源效应提高。植被恢复引起降水在不同水循环环节上分配的变化趋势符合国家以生态为核心的布局,对提高半干旱地区流域水资源综合效应发挥着重要作用。

关键词: 广义水资源, 水循环, 植被恢复, 生态效应

Abstract:

To evaluate the effect of large-scale vegetation restoration on water resources in semi-arid areas, an evaluation model was created based on analysis of water circulation in watersheds in referencing to the Keynesian multiplier theory. Further, the variation trend of such effect with changing water circulation caused by vegetation restoration was evaluated from the perspective of generalized water resources. The water circulation conditions in the Beichuan River Basin have significantly changed owing to large-scale vegetation recovery. The surface flow coefficient before and after the vegetation recovery reduced from 0.254 to 0.207, and the base current coefficient reduced from 0.156 to 0.134 under nearly stable precipitation. The proportion of the effective water volume increased in the soil-vegetation system and decreased in the soil-groundwater system under terrestrial water circulation. The localized water resources response to 100 mm precipitation reduced by 6.55 mm; however, the generalized water responses response, with ecological response included, increased by 45.37 mm, or a 25.78% increase. Thus the change in water circulation significant increased water resources response to rainfall in the Beichuan River Basin. This changing trend of precipitation distribution in different water circulation sections as a result of vegetation recovery aligns well with the country’s core strategy for ecosystem conservation, and plays an important role in improving the overall water resources response to rainfall the semi-arid area.

Key words: generalized water resources, water circulation, vegetation restoration, ecological response

中图分类号:

朱亮, 刘景涛, 张玉玺, 刘丹丹, 角世哲. 基于水循环分析的水资源乘数效应评价:以黄河上游北川河流域为例[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(3): 263-270.

ZHU Liang, LIU Jingtao, ZHANG Yuxi, LIU Dandan, JIAO Shizhe. Evaluation of water resource multiple effect based on the analysis of water circulation: An example of the Beichuan River Basin upstream of the Yellow River[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2022, 29(3): 263-270.

图/表 10

图1 研究区概况

Fig.1 General layout of the research area

图2 1956—2019年内月平均降水-径流变化

Fig.2 1956-2019 Annual variation of average monthly precipitation nd runoff

图3 经济学乘数效应概念模型

Fig.3 Conceptual model of multiplier effect in economics

图4 闭合流域水循环概念模型

Fig.4 Conceptual model of water recycling in closed watersheds

图5 1956—2019年降水集中度、集中期变化曲线

Fig.5 Varations of precipitation concentration and precipitation concentration period during 1956-2019

图6 1956—2019年降水量和径流量变化曲线

Fig.6 Variations of precipitation and runoff in the Beichuan River Basin during 1956-2019

表1 2000年和2019年植被覆盖度对比统计

Table 1 Statistical comparison between vegetation coverage in 2000 and 2019

覆盖度/%	2000年		2019年
覆盖度/%	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%
<60	177.67	5.3	196.81	5.8
6080	1 271.36	37.7	882.01	26.2
>80	1 922.38	57.0	2292.6	68.0
均值	75.3%		80.3%

图7 植被覆盖变化空间分布图

Fig.7 Spatial variation of vegetation coverage

图8 植被恢复前后地表产流量、基流量变化关系图

Fig.8 Change of surface runoff or base stream with precipitation before and after vegetation restoration

表2 植被恢复前后单位降水量(100 mm)条件下水资源效应变化

Table 2 Change of water resources response to 100 mm rainfall before and after vegetation restoration during two typical vegetation recovery periods

典型时期	循环路径	分配量/mm	循环系数	水资源效应/mm
典型时期	循环路径	分配量/mm	循环系数	狭义	生态效应	广义
1956—1970年	降水-地表产流	25.4	1	41.0	111.3	152.3
	降水-土壤水-植被耗水/降水- 土壤水-地下水-基流	74.6	1
			0.283
			0.209
			0.209
2005—2019年	降水-地表产流	20.4	1	33.8	123.7	157.5
	降水-土壤水-植被耗水/降水- 土壤水-地下水-基流	79.6	1
			0.386
			0.168
			0.168

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基于水循环分析的水资源乘数效应评价:以黄河上游北川河流域为例

Evaluation of water resource multiple effect based on the analysis of water circulation: An example of the Beichuan River Basin upstream of the Yellow River

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