闽江入海口透光层光电效应及微生物响应机制

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.3.24

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

非光合微生物的光电营养代谢途径在生态系统能量循环中发挥着重要作用。海洋透光层具有自然光可及、物质能量交换剧烈和生化过程活跃等触发光电营养代谢的基本条件,但其内部光敏物质和微生物的光电响应机制仍未得到充分研究。本研究解析了闽江入海口河口、近岸和近海区域透光层中光敏物质的组成与空间分布、光电响应以及微生物群落结构。结果表明,这3个区域均存在悬浮半导体颗粒、天然色素和溶解性有机质等光敏物质,且其含量随着离岸距离增加而逐渐下降,但近岸区域光合微生物的丰度最高。光电流实验结果显示,近岸区域的光电效应最为显著,可能是由于其具有较为丰富的光敏物质和较少的共存物质干扰。微生物群落分析结果表明,海洋透光层中的微生物群落结构表现出显著的光电响应特征,其中电活性微生物的丰度与光敏物质含量呈显著正相关,表明电活性微生物的分布与光敏物质高效光电转化的区域高度一致。因此,天然光敏物质与电活性微生物之间的光电协同作用,有可能为理解海洋碳、氮等元素的生物地球化学循环提供新的理论视角。

关键词: 海洋透光层, 光敏物质, 微生物群落, 光电效应, 元素地球化学循环

Abstract:

The photoelectrotrophic metabolic pathway of non-photosynthetic microorganisms plays a pivotal role in energy cycle within ecosystems. Oceanic euphotic zone provides key conditions for triggering photoelectrochemical nutrient metabolism, such as the availability of natural light, intense material and energy exchanges, and active biochemical processes. However, the photoelectrochemical responses of its photosensitive substances and microbial communities remain underexplored. This study examines the composition, spatial distribution, and photoelectrochemical responses of photosensitive substances, and microbial community structure in the photic zone across the estuarine, nearshore, and offshore regions of the Minjiang River estuary. The findings show that all three regions contain photosensitive substances, including suspended semiconductor particles, natural pigments, and dissolved organic matter (DOM), with concentrations decreasing with distance from shore. Notably, the nearshore region harbors the highest abundance of photosynthetic microorganisms. Photoelectrical measurements further reveal that the nearshore region exhibits the most pronounced photoelectric effect, likely due to its higher concentration of photosensitive substances and fewer interference from coexisting materials. Microbial community analysis demonstrates a clear photoelectrochemical response pattern, with a significant positive correlation between the abundance of electroactive microorganisms and the concentrations of photosensitive substances, highlighting that the distribution of electroactive microorganisms closely aligns with regions of efficient photoelectrochemical conversion of photosensitive substances. Consequently, the synergistic interaction between natural photosensitive substances and electroactive microorganisms may provide new theoretical insights into the biogeochemical cycling of elements such as carbon and nitrogen in marine ecosystems.

Key words: oceanic euphotic zone, photosensitive substance, microbial community, photoelectric effect, elemental geochemical cycle

中图分类号:

Q937

陈丽, 汪淑慧, 袁味奇, 顾文智, 叶捷, 周顺桂. 闽江入海口透光层光电效应及微生物响应机制[J]. 地学前缘, 2025, 32(3): 207-217.

CHEN Li, WANG Shuhui, YUAN Weiqi, GU Wenzhi, YE Jie, ZHOU Shungui. The photoelectric effect and microbial response mechanisms in the euphotic zone of the Minjiang River estuary[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2025, 32(3): 207-217.

图/表 6

图1 闽江口采样示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of sampling at Minjiang River estuary

图2 海洋透光层悬浮颗粒矿物表征 a—XPS全谱;b—XRD谱图;c—EDS元素组成。

Fig.2 Characterization of suspended mineral particles in the oceanic euphotic zone

图3 海洋透光层天然色素与溶解性有机物表征 a—光合色素含量;b—属水平光合微生物群落结构图;c—DOM三维荧光光谱。

Fig.3 Characterization of natrural pigments and dissolved organie matter in the oceanic euphotic zone

图4 海洋透光层的光电化学信号 a—电流-时间(I-t)曲线;b—电流-时间(I-t)曲线随光照强度的变化;c—河口、近岸、近海颗粒物在光照条件下的表面电势分布(插图为颗粒物的形貌图)。

Fig.4 Photoelectrochemical signals in the ocean euphotic zone

图5 不同区域海洋透光层微生物群落结构分析 a—门、属水平的微生物群落结构图;b—微生物与环境因子相关分析热图(r值在图中以不同颜色展示,右侧图例是不同r值的颜色区间。*代表p<0.05,**代表p<0.01,***代表p<0.001)。

Fig.5 Analysis of microbial community structure in the oceanic euphotic zone across different regions

图6 光敏物质-微生物相互作用机制及其元素地球化学循环效应

Fig.6 Mechanism interactions of photosensitive substances-microorganisms corresponding and their effects on elemental geochemical cycle

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