内蒙古浩尧尔忽洞金矿三维建模与深部成矿预测

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.1.23

地学前缘 ›› 2021, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (3): 170-189.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.1.23

• 三维地质建模与隐伏矿预测评价 • 上一篇下一篇

内蒙古浩尧尔忽洞金矿三维建模与深部成矿预测

李楠¹(), 曹瑞¹^,³, 叶会寿¹, 李强², 王义天¹, 吕喜平², 郭娜¹^,⁴, 苏元祥², 郝建瑞¹, 肖扬⁵, 张帅¹^,³, 楚文楷¹^,³

1.自然资源部成矿作用与资源评价重点实验室; 中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所, 北京 100037
2.中金黄金国际资源有限公司内蒙古太平矿业有限公司, 内蒙古乌拉特中旗 015308
3.中国地质大学(北京) 研究生院, 北京 100083
4.成都理工大学管理科学学院, 四川成都 610059
5.四川省冶金地质勘查院, 四川成都 610051

收稿日期:2021-03-20 修回日期:2021-03-25 出版日期:2021-05-20 发布日期:2021-05-23
作者简介:李楠(1980—),男,研究员,博士生导师,主要从事矿产资源潜力定量预测评价、三维地质模型重构方法技术等研究。E-mail: Linan@cags.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41972311);国家自然科学基金项目(41672330);内蒙古太平矿业有限公司乌拉特中旗浩尧尔忽洞金矿成矿规律与找矿预测研究项目;中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所基本科研业务费项目(KK2007)

Three-dimensional modeling and comprehensive quantitative mineral resources assessment: A case study of the Haoyaoerhudong gold deposit in Inner Mongolia

LI Nan¹(), CAO Rui¹^,³, YE Huishou¹, LI Qiang², WANG Yitian¹, LÜ Xiping², GUO Na¹^,⁴, SU Yuanxiang², HAO Jianrui¹, XIAO Yang⁵, ZHANG Shuai¹^,³, CHU Wenkai¹^,³

1. MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment; Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
2. Inner Mongolia Pacific Mining Co., Ltd., Wulatezhongqi 015308, China
3. Graduate School of China University of Geosciences(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
4. School of Management Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
5. Sichuan Institute of Metallurgical Geology and Exploration, Chengdu 610051, China

Received:2021-03-20 Revised:2021-03-25 Online:2021-05-20 Published:2021-05-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

内蒙古浩尧尔忽洞金矿位于华北克拉通北缘,是我国黑色岩系金矿的典型代表,其赋存于白云鄂博群比鲁特组的碳质板岩中,品位低而可采储量大。针对金矿增储保障问题,本文以矿床模型和“三位一体”找矿预测方法为指导,采用三维建模可视化技术,首先,构建了浩尧尔忽洞金矿三维找矿模型,实现了矿区的透明化、立体化;其次,开展了地球物理电磁联合反演,重新解译了研究区地质构造格架;第三,提取了浩尧尔忽洞褶皱南翼剪切带、比鲁特组碳质板岩、以及矿区东采坑控矿构造、地球化学晕以及蚀变矿物等预测变量并建立了综合异常三维模型;最后,运用证据权方法,开展综合信息定量预测评价,圈定了深部成矿有利地段,并在地质认识上得到了较好的印证。研究表明:本区高极化率位置应为哈拉霍疙特地层(H3),岩浆岩侵入自两侧以岩墙形式,顺较大的剪切破碎带充填,而碳质板岩恰好为矿体提供了化学屏障;基于证据权计算结果,浩尧尔忽洞褶皱南翼东段深部极有可能存在第二个成矿富集段,具有较大找矿潜力;同时,通过证据权蒙脱石预测变量的对比度分析,定量地验证了构造控制下的流体充填与交代(蚀变)是形成浩尧尔忽洞金矿的重要机制的认识。

关键词: 深部三维预测, 三维建模, 异常提取, 综合成矿预测, 黑色岩系金矿

Abstract:

The low-grade Haoyaoerhudong gold deposit in the Urad Middle Banner, Inner Mongolia, China is one of the largest gold deposit in the northern margin of the North China Craton. The gold orebodies are hosted by carbonaceous slate in the Bilute Formation of the Mesoproterozoic Bayan Obo Group. To enhance security of national gold mineral reserves, we conducted gold prospecting in the Haoyaoerhudong gold deposit through examinations of ore geology, lithology, metallotectonic system, and mineralization indicators. First we constructed a 3D prediction model for the Haoyaoerhudong gold deposit by 3D modeling. Next, inverted CSAMT data were used to interpret and redefine the structural framework of the orefield, including the Haoyaoerhudong syncline—a major ore-controlling structure. From the above results, predictor variables were extracted—such as the shear zone on the south side of the Haoyaoerhudong syncline, the Bilute carbonaceous slate, and the ore-controlling structure and geochemical and alteration indicators of the east pit—and an integrated 3D geological anomaly model was constructed. Finally, the weight of evidence (WOE) method was used to target the favorable deep gold mineralization areas. Our study demonstrates that the high susceptibility value area is the Halahoghous Formation (H3), into which magmatic rocks intruded and filled from both sides along the larger shear fault zone in the form of dikes while carbonaceous slates provided a chemical barrier for gold orebody. Based on the WOE result, we targeted the favorable deep ore field at the east section of the south side of the Haoyaoerhudong syncline. In addition, contrast analysis of montmorillonite prediction variables using WOE provided quantitative verification to show that geological inference of filling and metasomatism under geological structural controls is one of the most important formation mechanism of the Haoyaoerhudong gold deposit.

Key words: 3D deep prediction, 3D modeling, anomaly extraction, synthetic metallogenic prognosis, black rock series gold mine

中图分类号:

李楠, 曹瑞, 叶会寿, 李强, 王义天, 吕喜平, 郭娜, 苏元祥, 郝建瑞, 肖扬, 张帅, 楚文楷. 内蒙古浩尧尔忽洞金矿三维建模与深部成矿预测[J]. 地学前缘, 2021, 28(3): 170-189.

LI Nan, CAO Rui, YE Huishou, LI Qiang, WANG Yitian, LÜ Xiping, GUO Na, SU Yuanxiang, HAO Jianrui, XIAO Yang, ZHANG Shuai, CHU Wenkai. Three-dimensional modeling and comprehensive quantitative mineral resources assessment: A case study of the Haoyaoerhudong gold deposit in Inner Mongolia[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2021, 28(3): 170-189.

图/表 25

图1 浩尧尔忽洞地区区域地质图 1—第四系;2—上新统;3—中上统白女羊盘火山岩组三段;4—比鲁特岩组;5—哈拉霍疙特岩组;6—尖山岩组;7—都拉哈拉岩组;8—未分组:混合岩;9—灰白、粉黄色黑云母花岗岩、二云母花岗岩;10—粉黄、肉红色黑云母花岗岩、钾质花岗岩;11—灰色黑云母花岗岩;12—灰黄色片麻状黑云母花岗岩;13—石英闪长岩;14—闪长岩;15—灰白色中细粒巨斑状黑云母花岗岩;16—灰白色花岗闪长岩;17—灰白、灰绿色中细粒斜长花岗岩及混合岩化花岗岩;18—花岗岩脉;19—细晶岩脉;20—花岗伟晶岩脉;21—石英脉;22—石英斑岩脉;23—辉长岩脉。

Fig.1 Regional geological map of the Haoyaoerhudong area

图2 浩尧尔忽洞脆韧性左行剪切构造带(据文献[33]修改) 1—重磁剖面;2—CSAMT剖面;3—逆左行剪切变形;4—脆韧性剪切带。

Fig.2 The Haoyaoerhudong brittle ductile left-lateral shear structural zone. Modified after [33].

表1 内蒙古浩尧尔忽洞金矿床找矿概念模型

Table 1 The conceptual model for ore prospecting in the Haoyaerhudong gold deposit in Inner Mongolia

矿床类型	控矿要素	地质特征描述	变量类型	成矿地质异常表现
黑色岩系浩尧尔忽洞金矿床	构造	构造带特征	断裂影响范围	断裂缓冲区
		构造发育及展布特征	局部构造构造方向	断裂上下盘控矿断裂方位
		构造容矿特征	有利成矿位置	向斜南翼“弧形”构造提供容矿空间
	地层	地层含矿特征	成矿有利岩系有利赋矿层位	碳质板岩及千枚岩及片岩系比鲁特第一、第二岩性段
	围岩蚀变	有利围岩蚀变	成矿有利蚀变	绢云母化、泥化
	地球化学	土壤岩屑地球化学	指示元素和组合异常	Au,As,PCA元素组合异常
	地球化学	构造叠加晕立体模型	头晕-尾晕	头晕、尾晕空间分带特征

表2 研究区数据一览表

Table 2 Investigative scope in the study area

数据类型	比例尺	数据描述
钻孔数据库		收集333个钻孔,平均间距50 m;岩心的采样长度0.04~2.4 m
剖面		收集67个剖面,平均间距100 m
地质地形图	1:10 000	覆盖整个研究区
土壤地球化学采样	1:10 000	As、Sb、Hg、B、Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、Bi、Mo、W、Mn、Co、Sn、Ni 16种成矿元素和指示元素。其中,Au和Hg的单位10^-9;其他元素单位为10^-6
构造叠加晕采样		与地球化学元素与土壤地球化学采样相同。其中,金、银单位g/t
蚀变矿物采样		其中,11条勘探线上18条钻孔,共17 521个ASD高光谱数据
高精度重磁数据	多比例尺	其中,1:25 000航磁和1:50 000重力覆盖整个研究区
音频大地电磁测深		覆盖研究区的5条CSAMT剖面

图3 浩尧尔忽洞矿体、断层及围岩三维模型

Fig.3 3D model of the orebody (a), fault (b) and wallrock (c) of Haoyaoerhudong

图4 浩尧尔忽洞向斜及剪切带反演(据文献[49]修改)

Fig.4 Imaging the syncline and shear zone of Haoyaoerhudong by electromagnetic inversion method. Modified after [49].

图5 金元素地球化学图

Fig.5 Geochemical map of element gold (left) based on 5317 debris samples collected along the margins of the Haoyaoerhudong syncline at 5 m grid resolution (right)

图6 立体地球化学图

Fig.6 3D geochemical maps of mineral elements

图7 理论变差函数拟合图及交叉验证结果图

Fig.7 Theoretical variation function curve fitting (left) and cross validation (right) results

图8 钻孔9700-3蚀变矿物采样(SWIR法)

Fig.8 SWIR analysis of alteration minerals in borehole 9700-3

图9 立体预测范围

Fig.9 Sketch map and 3D model of the prospecting area

图10 F2断层缓冲区矿块占比(a)与触面缓冲区矿块占比(b)

Fig.10 Proportion of gold-bearing ore blocks in the buffer zones of the F2 fault (a) and the B1-B2 contact surface (b)

图11 岩屑地球化学处理及结果

Fig.11 Debris geochemical sampling scheme (bottom) and statistical analysis results (top)

图12 CA分形方法统计分析

Fig.12 CA fractal analysis method and result

图13 (a) 145°方向主成分PC1变差函数;(b) 235°方向主成分PC1变差函数;(c)双标图

Fig.13 Results of principle component analysis. (a) PC1 variation function in a direction of 145°; (b) PC1 variation function in a direction of 235°; (c) The double plot.

图14 Au-As组合异常(a)和Au-Sb组合异常(b)和Au-W组合异常(c)

Fig.14 Geological anomaly map of the Au-As (a), Au-Sb (b), and Au-W (c) systems

表3 Au、As、Sb、W、Pb、Ag、Cu、Hg、Mo、Sn和Zn背景值及异常下限

Table 3 Background values and anomaly lower limits for Au, As, Sb, W, Pb, Ag, Cu, Hg, Mo, Sn and Zn

指标	元素各指标值/10^-9
指标	Au	As	Sb	W	Pb	Ag	Cu	Hg	Mo	Sn	Zn
含矿体背景值	0.15	25.57	0.14	3.73	11.39	0.23	63.50	5.28	2.48	3.26	97.22
含矿体异常下限	0.47	67.37	0.28	8.19	19.07	0.46	122.18	8.72	5.64	5.18	157.14
围岩背景值	0.087
围岩异常下限	0.25

图15 钻孔9700-2蚀变矿物分带与Au元素品位变化对照图

Fig.15 Comparison diagram of alteration mineral zonation and Au grade variation along borehole 9700-2

图16 钻孔9700-6蚀变矿物分带与Au元素品位变化对照图

Fig.16 Comparison diagram of alteration mineral zonation and Au grade variation along borehole 9700-6

图17 钻孔9700-6绢云母空间分布与Au矿化品位随钻孔深度变化图:(a)绢云母与矿化Au品位关系;(b) 绢云母波长与含量深部变化;(c)绢云母含量与矿体空间关系。

Fig.17 Variations of sericite contents and Au mineralization grade along borehole 9700-6. (a) Relationship between sericite wavelength and mineralized Au grade; (b) Relationship between sericite wavelength and sericite content; (c) Relationship between sericite content and mineralized Au grade.

图18 钻孔9700-2蒙脱石空间分布与Au矿化品位随钻孔深度变化图

Fig.18 Montmorillonite spatial distribution and Au mineralization grade variation along borehole 9700-2

图19 (a) 绢英岩化中绢云母波长异常;(b) 绢英岩化中绢云母含量异常;(c)泥化蒙脱石带

Fig.19 (a) The sericite wavelength anomaly in sericitization, (b) the sericite content anomaly in sericitization, and (c) the mud-montmorillonite zone

图20 成矿综合异常三维模型

Fig.20 The integrated 3D anomaly model

表4 预测变量的权值

Table 4 WOE for 17 predictor variables

证据项	W+	S(W+)	W-	S(W-)	C
比鲁特地层第一岩性段(B1)	0.904 617 37	0.115 942 52	-0.082 234 61	0.043 739 4	0.986 851 98
比鲁特地层第二岩性段(B2)	1.603 304 77	0.053 066 02	-0.822 776 48	0.065 776 2	2.426 081 25
F2断层200 m缓冲	1.456 114 51	0.044 521 12	-1.805 420 08	0.112 556 67	3.261 534 59
B1与B2接触面200 m缓冲	1.306 517 32	0.049 658 25	-0.978 255 33	0.073 835 99	2.284 772 64
东Au	4.390 216 87	0.096 644 6	-0.362 505 66	0.049 062 12	4.752 722 54
东As	4.486 868 84	0.112 640 56	-0.265 757 12	0.046 733 05	4.752 625 96
东Sb	4.563 403 02	0.138 667 06	-0.173 603 71	0.044 621 64	4.737 006 73
东W	4.265 405 84	0.103 607 97	-0.288 988 52	0.047 296 99	4.554 394 37
东Pb	2.845 327 14	0.132 260 01	-0.109 441 46	0.043 325 47	2.954 768 6
东Ag	3.768 717 88	0.119 730 58	-0.171 561 42	0.044 621 98	3.940 279 31
东Cu	3.358 389 69	0.142 475 47	-0.104 820 49	0.043 165 82	3.463 210 18
东Hg	4.058 685 78	0.128 622 96	-0.162 811 2	0.044 404 63	4.221 496 97
东Mo	3.137 898 96	0.129 495 2	-0.121 866 49	0.043 567 38	3.259 765 45
东Sn	3.022 190 16	0.149 485 9	-0.087 616 33	0.042 814 22	3.109 806 49
东Zn	2.540 958 07	0.157 295 15	-0.071 566 3	0.042 509 05	2.612 524 36
绢云母波长	3.906 079 06	0.106 788 86	-0.232 147 75	0.045 996 3	4.138 226 81
绢云母含量	3.025 919 37	0.101 537 51	-0.202 201 62	0.045 432 22	3.228 120 99
蒙脱石带	6.033 252 15	0.239 567 14	-0.147 663 45	0.044 021 28	6.180 915 6

图21 深部成矿有利体元(a)及A靶区(b)和B靶区(c)

Fig.21 3D prediction model for the favorable deep mineralization orebody (a) and target areas A (b) and B (c)

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内蒙古浩尧尔忽洞金矿三维建模与深部成矿预测

Three-dimensional modeling and comprehensive quantitative mineral resources assessment: A case study of the Haoyaoerhudong gold deposit in Inner Mongolia

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