Tectonic controls and 3D deep exploration targeting of altered rock-type gold deposits in the northwestern Jiaodong Peninsula, China

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.4.61

Abstract

Abstract:

The Jiaoxibei gold concentration area is dominated by altered rock-type gold deposits, which are strictly controlled by fault structures. The NE-NNE-trending Sanshandao, Jiaojia, and Zhaoyuan-Pingdu fracture zones collectively control over 80% of the gold resources in the Jiaodong Peninsula, making the study of structural ore-controlling mechanisms a primary focus for geologists. Utilizing extensive exploration data from the Jiaoxibei area, this study analyzes and synthesizes the coupling relationship between fracture morphology variations and orebody spatial distribution, thereby revealing key structural controls on mineralization. Altered rock-type gold ore bodies are strictly governed by regional NE-NNE-trending brittle-ductile structures, predominantly occurring beneath the main fracture plane. The spatial distribution of ore bodies is constrained by the activity of ore-controlling structures during the mineralization period. Furthermore, pre-mineralization wave-like structures exert significant control over the spatial morphology and enrichment of the ore bodies. Typical ore bodies exhibit distinct spatial distribution patterns characterized by leaning and slanting arrangements, indicating their formation within a unified tectonic stress field. A marked positive correlation (correlation coefficient = 0.73) exists between the thickness of the alteration zone and the mineralization rate of the ore-controlling structure, reflecting the close association between alteration scale and gold mineralization. Studies of representative altered rock-type deposits in Jiaoxibei reveal that the mineralization intensity of main ore bodies within enrichment zones alternates between strong and weak (or barren) segments along the direction of inclination. This pattern is termed the directional zoning of enrichment along the inclination. The insights gained into these regularities provide a significant basis for predicting the location of deep ore bodies.

Key words: tectonic ore control, zoning enrichment, altered rock-type gold deposits, Jiaodong gold deposit, mineralization rate

CLC Number:

WANG Bin, ZHOU Mingling, DING Zhengjiang, ZHANG Qibin, LIU Xiangdong, LÜ Junyang, ZHOU Xiaoping. Tectonic controls and 3D deep exploration targeting of altered rock-type gold deposits in the northwestern Jiaodong Peninsula, China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2025, 32(4): 140-154.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig.1 Geologic and gold distribution map of the Jiaodong Peninsula. Modified after [11].

Fig.2 Regional geologic map of the southern section of the Sanshandao fault

Fig.3 Regional geologic map of the southern section of the Jiaojia fault

Fig.4 Regional geologic map of the southern section of the Zhaoyuan-Pingdu fault

Fig.5 Profile of exploration line 104 of the Jiaojia gold deposit. Modified after [28].

Fig.6 Schematic illustration of the relationship between the thickness of the alteration zones and the ore-bearing rate of each mining area

Table 1 Statistical table of ore-bearing rate of ore control structure of altered rock type gold deposit

控矿断裂	矿区(段)名称	含矿蚀变带厚度/m	Au矿床规模/t	斜面积/ km²	Au含矿率/ (t·km^-2)	平均Au含矿率/ (t·km^-2)
三山岛断裂带	三山岛北部海域	157	465	5.47	85.01	73.70
	三山岛	106	135.4	2.21	61.27
	新立	95	166.4	3.66	45.46
	仓上	102	27.4	0.42	65.24
	西岭	184	382.6	3.60	106.28
	单山	85	18.6	0.86	21.63
焦家断裂带	姚家	43	4.8	1.89	2.54	49.95
	新城	176	118.2	2.06	57.38
	焦家	182	103.3	2.30	44.91
	马塘	108	9.4	0.72	13.06
	寺庄	208	37.4	0.49	76.33
	曲家	147	107.3	3.06	35.07
	纱岭	204	372.8	4.56	81.75
招远-平度断裂带	台上	150	75.8	1.94	39.07	33.63
	大尹格庄	107	130.7	4.18	31.27
	夏甸	121	116.3	3.07	37.88
	山旺	50	5	0.69	7.25
	水旺庄	166	170.5	3.31	51.51
	玲南深部	147	98	2.82	34.75
	后仓	105	37.2	2.83	13.14

Fig.7 Distribution of gold resources in structural altered rock zones of typical deposits. (The numbers in the figure represent the amount/percentage of gold metal)

Fig.8 Map of NE-NNE oriented arc fracture ore control models

Fig.9 Active derived structural control pattern of the Jiaojia fracture zone during the mineralization period

Fig.10 Mineralization enrichment pattern and prediction of altered rock type gold deposits. Modified after [34].

Fig.11 Mineralization enrichment pattern of Dayingezhuang and Caojiawa gold deposits

Fig.12 Schematic interpretation of the wavy texture of the regional gold ore control structure

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