Occurrence rules and enrichment mechanism of geothermal resources in Shandong Province

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.10.25

Abstract

Abstract:

Shandong Province possesses abundant geothermal resources with widespread distribution of geothermal reserviors of different types. However, the occurrence rules and accumulation mechanism of geothermal resources are not well understood. In this paper, based on previous geothermal well temperature logging, geothermal exploration, well drilling, pumping test and long-term dynamic monitoring data, we explain the distribution characteristics of geothermal resources in Shandong, and delineate the geological structure that controls the geothermal flow and water conduction. The heat and water sources and accumulation mechanisms and the occurrence of thermal reservoirs were explored. Four geothermal resource areas were delineated: eastern Shandong, Yishu fault zone, western Shandong uplift and northwestern Shandong depression. Combining the characteristics of major ore-controlling factors such as geothermal water source, heat source and occurrence of thermal reservoir, the geothermal systems were divided into three models: open-convection-cavity tubular; weakly open-convection/conduction-banded stratified; and closed-convection/conduction-banded stratified. Insights on the heat/water sources and accumulation mechanisms under different types of geothermal systems and the occurrence law of hydrothermal accumulated reservoirs provide a basis for targeted geothermal exploration and well drilling.

Key words: water source, enrichment genesis, heat source, accumulation mechanism, open state, heat and water enrichment model, Shandong Province

CLC Number:

P314

KANG Fengxin, ZHENG Tingting, SHI Meng, SUI Haibo, XU Meng, JIANG Haiyang, ZHONG Zhennan, QIN Peng, ZHANG Baojian, ZHAO Jichu, MA Zhemin, CUI Yang, LI Jialong, DUAN Xiaofei, BAI Tong, ZHANG Pingping, YAO Song, LIU Xiao, SHI Qipeng, WANG Xuepeng, YANG Haitao, CHEN Jingpeng, LIU Beibei. Occurrence rules and enrichment mechanism of geothermal resources in Shandong Province[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(6): 67-94.

Figures/Tables 20

Fig.1 Geodynamic control on geothermal activity in Shandong. The destruction of the North China Craton causes crustal and lithospheric thinning in the eastern crust, which lead to magmatic intrusion along the Tanlu fault and Qiguang fault zone and the occurrence of geothermal water.

Fig.2 Geothermal resource areas and distribution of geothermal reservoirs in Shandong

Fig.3 Temperature logging and geothermal gradient curves of boreholes D1/Z5 in Dongtang and D1/D2 in Hongshuilantang geothermal fields in Jiaobei uplift of east Shandong geothermal area

Fig.4 Water/heat sources and enrichment mechanism of Dongtang hot spring open geothermal system in Jiaobei uplift of east Shandong geothermal area. Modified after [5].

Fig.5 Heat/water sources and accumulation mechanism in Tongjing geothermal field, Yinan, Yishu fault zone

Fig.6 Temperature logging and geothermal gradient curve of well Tong3 in Yinan Tongjing geothermal field

Fig.7 Water/heat sources and accumulation mechanism in open-deep-circulation-convection type geothermal system of Daidaoan—Qiaogou, Tai’an

Fig.8 Temperature logging and geothermal gradient curve of well DR3 in Daidaoan geothermal field

Fig.9 Temperature logging and geothermal gradient curves of well ZK1 in Anjiazhuang geothermal field, Feicheng

Fig.10 Geothermal gradient contour map (a) and profile (b) of cap rock in northern Jinan geothermal field. Modified after [14].

Fig.11 Water/heat sources and accumulation mechanism in weakly open-type geothermal system, Heze buried bulge. Modified after [16].

Fig.12 Temperature logging and geothermal gradient curves of well CZ1 in Zhuangzhai, Cao County at the intersection of Lanliao and Fushan faults

Fig.13 Temperature logging and geothermal gradient curve of well ZK1 in geothermal field of Decheng District, northwestern Shandong

Fig.14 Heat source and accumulation mechanism in the Ningjin buried bulge, Jiyang depression

Fig.15 Formation and heat/water accumulation mechanisms in open-convection-cavity tubular-type granite fissure geothermal system

Fig.16 Genetic mechanisms and heat/water acumulation model of weakly operconvection conduction-banded stratified karst geothemal svstem. Modified after [14]

Fig.17 Relationship between geothermal well yields and distance from fault in the karst geothermal field, Heze buried bulge

Fig.18 Formation and heat/water accumulation mechanims in closed-conduction-banded layered-type sandstone/karst geothermal system

Fig.19 Thickness distribution of Neogene Guantao sandstone conglomerate and palaeochannel zones, Lubei Plain

Fig.20 High geothermal gradient anomaly formed by superposition of conductive heat from the Chengdong buried bulge and convective heat along fault F1

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