Soil mass domination in debris-flow disasters and strategy for hazard mitigation

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.6.39

Abstract

Abstract:

According to the traditional view, debris-flow disasters are mainly caused by precipitation, and the runoff, confluence process is a physical process that can be simulated by hydrological processes. However, based on the current observation that debris-flow disasters are concentrated in seismic zones and arid valleys, combining with the existing evidence on debris flow formation and prevention, we found that in human inhibited mountainous areas, the slope and precipitation conditions are prone to causing debris-flow hazards and consequently soil mass dominates the initiation, formation and evolution of debris-flow disasters. The dynamic variation of soil mass affects the feasibility of debris flow formation and also controls the scale and frequency of debris flow. Soil mass at the source region undergoes a loosening or compacting process depending on the internal and external dynamic geological effects, as debris flows of different scales, frequencies and properties are triggered by the failure of soil mass of different densities. And soil mass controls the debris flow enlargement process. It has been proven that the source control theory-based technologies, including regional prediction, multi-level, multi-indicator warning system, and engineering control technology, are scientific and effective in the prevention and mitigation of mountain hazards. Thus, catastrophic debris flows are a geological process and characterization of this process requires more consideration of empirical models based on geological conditions. In addition, the prediction, early warning and high-efficiency mitigation of debris-flow disasters should take into account the mechanism and process that are dominated by soil mass.

Key words: debris-flow disaster, soil mass domination, triggering and enlargement processes, prediction and warning system, resilient mitigation

CLC Number:

P642.23

CHEN Ningsheng, TIAN Shufeng, ZHANG Yong, WANG Zheng. Soil mass domination in debris-flow disasters and strategy for hazard mitigation[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2021, 28(4): 337-348.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig.1 Spatial distribution of debris-flow disasters in China

Table 1 Statistics of spatial distribution of debris-flow disasters in China

区域	区域面积/ km²	导致人员死亡失踪灾害次数	死亡失踪人数	灾害点密度/ (个·10^-4 ·km^-2)	泥石流灾害集中带
I	31 520	4	42	1.269 036	喜马拉雅山东南缘冰川暴雨泥石流带
II	474 892	116	3 098	2.442 661	横断山—云南高原干旱河谷地震泥石流灾害带
III	165 307	65	745	3.932 078	秦巴山—龙门山—贵州高原雨屏泥石流灾害带
IV	274 083	21	181	0.766 191	II—III级阶梯过渡湿润山区稀遇泥石流灾害带
V	242 412	25	170	1.031 302	东南台风暴雨影响泥石流灾害带
VI	186 244	16	167	0.859 088	天山—昆仑山半干旱山区泥石流灾害带
VII	295 531	21	139	0.710 585	华北半干旱-半湿润中低山区泥石流灾害带
合计	1 669 989	268	4 542

Fig.2 Spatial distribution of debris flows in Sichuan Province

Fig.3 Debris flow triggering mechanism via (a) shear shrinkage of loose soil mass or (b) shear dilatancy of compacted soil mass

Fig.4 Debris flow enlargement process in Aizi gully in Ningnan County, Sichuan Province

Fig.5 2012-2017 predictions for debris-flow disasters

Fig.6 Multi-level, multi-indicator prediction and early warning system for debris flow

Fig.7 Application of monitoring and early warning system for debris flow in the Aizi (a, c) and Dazhai (b, d) gulleys

Fig.8 Technical system of debris flow mitigationin China

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