Medium-deep geothermal exploration and development technology and typical applications

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.1.60

Abstract

Abstract:

In the context of the global energy structure transformation and the increasing demand for clean energy, medium-deep geothermal resources, as a practical, localized, and stable renewable energy source, are receiving significant attention from the international community. China’s geothermal resources exhibit distinct regional characteristics, with higher geothermal potential in the eastern and southwestern regions. It is estimated that the theoretical energy reserves of China’s medium-deep geothermal resources are equivalent to 1250 billion tons of standard coal. At present, China has established a relatively mature technical system for the exploration and development of medium-deep geothermal resources, covering all aspects from exploration to efficient development, greatly enhancing the accuracy of resource exploration and development efficiency. In geothermal exploration and evaluation technologies, comprehensive analysis of geothermal system reveals the enrichment patterns and formation mechanisms of geothermal resources; Comprehensive geophysical exploration focuses on fracture structural and water-bearing reservoirs to delineate target areas; Geothermal resource site selection and evaluation technology has guided the geothermal exploration work in North China, with a success rate of over 80% for the deployed exploration wells. In high-efficiency geothermal development technologies, Multi-field coupling simulations optimize extraction parameters to prevent thermal breakthrough while meeting production demands.; Geothermal energy development drilling and completion technology adapts to local conditions to refine well structure and drilling and completion processes, effectively ensuring the safe and efficient construction of geothermal wells; Natural recharge technology for geothermal water and heat extraction without water consumption technology achieve full-cycle recharge of geothermal water and sustainable development of geothermal energy. Notable large-scale applications include the Xiong’an area (Bohai Bay Basin) and Xianyang region (Guanzhong Basin), representing carbonate and sandstone reservoir development respectively. Based on geological modeling and numerical simulation, specific well network layout and development parameter optimization schemes have been proposed for the above two regions, providing reference for efficient, environmentally friendly, and sustainable development of geothermal resources in areas with similar geological conditions.

Key words: medium-deep geothermal resources, exploration and development technology, geothermal system elements, sustainable development

CLC Number:

P314

SUN Huanquan, GAO Nan’an, WU Chenbingjie, GUO Dianbin, FANG Jichao, ZHAO Lei, LIU Jian, ZHOU Zongying. Medium-deep geothermal exploration and development technology and typical applications[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2025, 32(2): 230-241.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig.1 Planar distribution map of geothermal flow in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Fenwei Plain

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of the vertical distribution of two types of geothermal systems in the Bohai Bay Basin. Modified after [28].

Fig.3 Bar chart showing the changes in water volume and pressure before and after the unblocking measures of sandstone geothermal recharge wells in Lankao, Henan (2022-2023 heating season).

Fig.4 Temperature evolution (solid line) and bottom hole pressureevolution (dashed line) of Shengtang 2 well in Xiong’an New Area during a 100 year production cycle at different flow rates

Fig.5 Temperature changes at the bottom of the production well under different backfill water temperature (solid line) and the influence of different well spacing on the temperature of production wells (dashed line) in Xiong’an New Area

Fig.6 Regional groundwater migration model of the Guanzhong Basin. Modified after [39].

Fig.7 Curve of average flow rate of single wells in Xianyang area for three consecutive heating seasons (The production section is 1500 to 3000 m/The production section is 1500 to 2500 m)

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