Application of 2D-EMD/PCA in gold and key metals prospecting in Jiaodong

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.10.26

Abstract

Abstract:

With the continuous rise in global demand for mineral resources in recent years from manufacturing industry and global economy, it is an urgent need to develop new methods for proven and hidden mineral resources. However, multistage mineralization results in complex, overlapping distribution of ore-forming elements in geological units, and most minerals are often associated with multiple elements. To address this problem we used a combination of two-dimensional empirical mode decomposition (2D-EMD) and principal component analysis (PCA) to extract local and regional multielement anomaly components from the drainage sediment geochemical data in the Jiaodong gold polymetallic ore field. The prospective areas were identified from complex, overlapping anomalies, and the multielement mineral resource potential of the study area was evaluated by geochemical block method. The results provide a scientific basis for the exploration and evaluation of symbiotic minerals. Specifically, (1) Au-Ag-Cd and Be-La-Mo-Nb-Th-U-Y multielement combinations were established by PCA; (2) the local and regional anomaly components of the multielement combinations were identified by 2D-EMD based on their principal component scores; (3) the prospective area of the two multielement combinations could be delineated using local anomaly components, and the high background belt could be identified by regional anomaly components. Combined with the local anomaly components and the spatial distribution of granite, we infer that Au-Ag-Cd mineralization is related to the Linglong granite and Guojialing granodiorite intrusions, and Be-La-Mo-Nb-Th-U-Y mineralization is related to the Guojialing granodiorite and Weideshan monzonite intrusions. The Guojialing granodiorite rock mass may have dual metallogenetic characteristics of both precious and critical metals.

Key words: 2D-EMD, PCA, multielement combination anomaly component, Jiaodong gold polymetallic ore field

CLC Number:

CHEN Yongqing, ZHENG Aoyue, FEI Jinna, ZHAO Jie, ZHAO Pengda. Application of 2D-EMD/PCA in gold and key metals prospecting in Jiaodong[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2025, 32(1): 266-282.

Figures/Tables 16

References 60

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组分	有效样品数	最小值	最大值	平均值	标准差	中国东部水系沉积物平均值	富集系数	变异系数
Ag	10 700	7.00	1 537.00	51.64	63.82	55	0.94	1.24
As	10 691	0.59	149.20	5.84	3.38	2.4	2.43	0.58
Au	10 701	0.13	1 887.00	6.00	32.41	0.9	6.60	5.40
B	10 687	2.60	180.00	33.40	14.34	11	3.04	0.43
Ba	10 695	101.00	5 587.00	872.66	351.16	620	1.41	0.40
Be	10 563	0.60	11.00	2.04	0.55	1.40	1.46	0.27
Bi	10 691	0.01	19.00	0.21	0.33	0.15	1.40	1.57
Cd	10 694	1.60	2 460.00	62.70	71.50	100	0.63	1.14
Co	10 690	0.16	92.00	12.18	4.26	19	0.64	0.35
Cr	10 687	5.50	377.80	63.80	25.58	76	0.84	0.40
Cu	10 703	1.00	472.57	20.20	12.96	26	0.78	0.64
F	10 697	29.40	16 000.00	425.70	246.88	540	0.79	0.58
Hg	10 700	1.00	4 184.00	30.89	79.22	7	4.41	2.56
La	10 697	4.10	500.00	42.37	19.82	29	1.46	0.47
Li	10 695	3.50	89.00	24.42	7.62	17	1.44	0.31
Mn	10 694	92.00	3 197.00	601.83	158.53	810	0.74	0.26
Mo	10 701	0.02	23.05	0.56	0.59	0.50	1.12	1.05
Nb	10 702	3.30	192.00	15.57	5.40	10	1.56	0.35
Ni	10 698	1.70	280.00	25.42	12.29	31	0.82	0.48
P	10 695	23.00	4 102.00	493.67	260.21	750	0.66	0.53
Pb	10 688	2.67	1 343.80	24.62	25.17	15	1.64	1.02
Sb	10 691	0.01	22.00	0.39	0.27	0.18	2.17	0.69
Sn	10 689	0.49	51.00	2.52	1.22	1.40	1.80	0.48
Sr	10 696	5.75	7 159.00	259.61	132.05	350	0.74	0.51
Th	10 530	1.10	82.00	10.06	4.94	6	1.68	0.49
Ti	10 697	696.00	10 741.00	4 012.43	793.05	4 000	1.00	0.20
U	10 520	0.06	999.90	2.30	9.78	1.3	1.77	4.25
V	10 695	2.80	357.00	77.81	23.52	112	0.69	0.30
W	10 699	0.05	48.00	1.35	0.99	0.60	2.25	0.73
Y	10 698	5.81	161.10	22.82	5.30	17	1.34	0.23
Zn	10 703	1.00	879.00	50.22	24.37	76	0.66	0.49
Zr	10 698	3.00	3 631.00	408.26	159.92	160	2.55	0.39
Al₂O₃	10 697	0.80	46.55	7.11	1.06	14.83	0.48	0.15
CaO	10 697	0.13	36.00	1.27	0.99	5.37	0.24	0.78
Fe₂O₃	10 697	0.37	16.3	3.03	0.82	6.55	0.46	0.27
K₂O	10 699	1.09	7.76	2.10	0.34	2.31	0.91	0.16
MgO	10 697	0.04	9.30	0.83	0.38	3.19	0.26	0.46
Na₂O	10 697	0.10	5.40	1.59	0.42	3.44	0.46	0.26
SiO₂	10 696	15.11	80.80	32.18	4.56	60.61	0.53	0.14

组分	有效样品数	最小值	最大值	平均值	标准差	中国东部水系沉积物平均值	富集系数	变异系数
Ag	10 700	7.00	1 537.00	51.64	63.82	55	0.94	1.24
As	10 691	0.59	149.20	5.84	3.38	2.4	2.43	0.58
Au	10 701	0.13	1 887.00	6.00	32.41	0.9	6.60	5.40
B	10 687	2.60	180.00	33.40	14.34	11	3.04	0.43
Ba	10 695	101.00	5 587.00	872.66	351.16	620	1.41	0.40
Be	10 563	0.60	11.00	2.04	0.55	1.40	1.46	0.27
Bi	10 691	0.01	19.00	0.21	0.33	0.15	1.40	1.57
Cd	10 694	1.60	2 460.00	62.70	71.50	100	0.63	1.14
Co	10 690	0.16	92.00	12.18	4.26	19	0.64	0.35
Cr	10 687	5.50	377.80	63.80	25.58	76	0.84	0.40
Cu	10 703	1.00	472.57	20.20	12.96	26	0.78	0.64
F	10 697	29.40	16 000.00	425.70	246.88	540	0.79	0.58
Hg	10 700	1.00	4 184.00	30.89	79.22	7	4.41	2.56
La	10 697	4.10	500.00	42.37	19.82	29	1.46	0.47
Li	10 695	3.50	89.00	24.42	7.62	17	1.44	0.31
Mn	10 694	92.00	3 197.00	601.83	158.53	810	0.74	0.26
Mo	10 701	0.02	23.05	0.56	0.59	0.50	1.12	1.05
Nb	10 702	3.30	192.00	15.57	5.40	10	1.56	0.35
Ni	10 698	1.70	280.00	25.42	12.29	31	0.82	0.48
P	10 695	23.00	4 102.00	493.67	260.21	750	0.66	0.53
Pb	10 688	2.67	1 343.80	24.62	25.17	15	1.64	1.02
Sb	10 691	0.01	22.00	0.39	0.27	0.18	2.17	0.69
Sn	10 689	0.49	51.00	2.52	1.22	1.40	1.80	0.48
Sr	10 696	5.75	7 159.00	259.61	132.05	350	0.74	0.51
Th	10 530	1.10	82.00	10.06	4.94	6	1.68	0.49
Ti	10 697	696.00	10 741.00	4 012.43	793.05	4 000	1.00	0.20
U	10 520	0.06	999.90	2.30	9.78	1.3	1.77	4.25
V	10 695	2.80	357.00	77.81	23.52	112	0.69	0.30
W	10 699	0.05	48.00	1.35	0.99	0.60	2.25	0.73
Y	10 698	5.81	161.10	22.82	5.30	17	1.34	0.23
Zn	10 703	1.00	879.00	50.22	24.37	76	0.66	0.49
Zr	10 698	3.00	3 631.00	408.26	159.92	160	2.55	0.39
Al₂O₃	10 697	0.80	46.55	7.11	1.06	14.83	0.48	0.15
CaO	10 697	0.13	36.00	1.27	0.99	5.37	0.24	0.78
Fe₂O₃	10 697	0.37	16.3	3.03	0.82	6.55	0.46	0.27
K₂O	10 699	1.09	7.76	2.10	0.34	2.31	0.91	0.16
MgO	10 697	0.04	9.30	0.83	0.38	3.19	0.26	0.46
Na₂O	10 697	0.10	5.40	1.59	0.42	3.44	0.46	0.26
SiO₂	10 696	15.11	80.80	32.18	4.56	60.61	0.53	0.14

组分	各主成分载荷
组分	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4	PC5	PC6	PC7	PC8	PC9
Ag	0.050	0.029	0.113	0.79	-0.06	0.125	0.06	0.000	-0.039
As	0.040	-0.011	0.806	0.10	-0.04	0.052	0.01	-0.036	0.086
Au	0.045	-0.071	0.08	0.61	0.24	0.159	-0.16	-0.035	-0.017
B	-0.004	-0.037	0.789	-0.06	-0.06	0.119	-0.19	-0.163	0.099
Ba	-0.201	0.065	-0.158	0.07	0.82	-0.250	0.06	0.063	-0.142
Be	-0.083	0.688	0.079	-0.11	0.14	0.197	0.22	0.017	0.109
Bi	0.069	0.178	0.188	0.22	-0.14	0.653	0.08	0.000	0.218
Cd	0.241	0.166	0.013	0.64	-0.14	-0.050	0.20	-0.022	0.249
Co	0.816	0.008	0.133	-0.02	-0.07	0.091	0.10	-0.047	-0.006
Cr	0.788	0.003	0.200	-0.02	0.08	-0.003	-0.08	-0.096	-0.158
Cu	0.727	-0.058	0.155	0.22	-0.04	0.314	0.01	-0.026	0.113
F	0.519	0.467	0.016	0.08	0.05	0.025	0.05	-0.405	0.192
Hg	0.063	0.040	0.216	0.01	-0.09	0.066	-0.12	0.015	0.689
La	0.374	0.565	-0.074	-0.02	0.27	0.034	0.06	0.246	0.089
Li	0.410	0.020	0.544	-0.16	-0.10	0.246	0.07	-0.333	0.140
Mn	0.653	0.211	0.049	0.12	-0.06	-0.116	0.15	0.262	0.016
Mo	0.046	0.523	-0.125	0.36	0.02	0.244	0.17	-0.085	-0.234
Nb	0.108	0.697	0.022	0.02	0.05	0.046	0.04	0.310	-0.195
Ni	0.830	-0.078	0.149	-0.08	0.02	0.061	0.08	-0.019	0.074
P	0.681	0.268	-0.268	0.16	0.25	-0.022	-0.09	-0.024	0.117
Pb	0.037	0.228	0.051	0.34	0.33	0.228	0.26	0.044	0.528
Sb	0.114	-0.045	0.707	0.10	-0.17	0.118	0.13	0.152	0.057
Sn	0.027	0.378	0.354	0.17	-0.03	0.054	-0.08	-0.024	0.164
Sr	0.224	-0.022	-0.448	-0.09	0.75	-0.007	-0.03	-0.013	0.099
Th	0.093	0.782	-0.091	-0.02	0.00	0.184	0.00	-0.009	0.121
Ti	0.806	0.249	0.060	0.03	-0.01	0.009	-0.13	0.255	-0.074
U	0.227	0.704	0.034	0.10	-0.11	0.217	-0.12	0.034	-0.012
V	0.864	0.085	0.115	0.03	0.01	0.150	-0.07	0.210	0.052
W	0.157	0.237	0.183	0.12	-0.07	0.752	-0.05	-0.008	-0.025
Y	0.050	0.712	-0.003	0.05	-0.01	-0.232	-0.03	0.028	0.045
Zn	0.579	0.307	-0.094	0.42	0.00	-0.016	0.14	-0.121	0.235
Zr	0.018	0.318	-0.228	-0.09	0.04	0.003	-0.07	0.777	0.065
Al₂O₃	0.204	0.165	-0.264	0.12	0.11	0.069	0.70	-0.181	-0.166
CaO	0.627	-0.117	-0.227	-0.02	-0.05	0.000	-0.22	-0.201	0.357
Fe₂O₃	0.881	0.249	-0.050	0.18	-0.10	0.011	0.07	-0.016	-0.079
K₂O	-0.479	0.397	-0.047	0.13	0.43	-0.012	0.40	-0.003	0.021
MgO	0.840	0.064	0.033	0.10	-0.02	0.020	-0.08	-0.248	0.044
Na₂O	-0.254	-0.039	-0.677	-0.10	0.15	0.013	0.40	0.149	0.120
SiO₂	-0.458	-0.185	0.035	-0.01	-0.37	-0.117	0.52	0.155	0.046
特征值	21.569	11.284	8.812	5.65	5.25	4.236	4.02	3.823	3.679
累积贡献率/%	21.57	32.85	41.67	47.31	52.56	56.80	60.82	64.64	68.32

组分	各主成分载荷
组分	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4	PC5	PC6	PC7	PC8	PC9
Ag	0.050	0.029	0.113	0.79	-0.06	0.125	0.06	0.000	-0.039
As	0.040	-0.011	0.806	0.10	-0.04	0.052	0.01	-0.036	0.086
Au	0.045	-0.071	0.08	0.61	0.24	0.159	-0.16	-0.035	-0.017
B	-0.004	-0.037	0.789	-0.06	-0.06	0.119	-0.19	-0.163	0.099
Ba	-0.201	0.065	-0.158	0.07	0.82	-0.250	0.06	0.063	-0.142
Be	-0.083	0.688	0.079	-0.11	0.14	0.197	0.22	0.017	0.109
Bi	0.069	0.178	0.188	0.22	-0.14	0.653	0.08	0.000	0.218
Cd	0.241	0.166	0.013	0.64	-0.14	-0.050	0.20	-0.022	0.249
Co	0.816	0.008	0.133	-0.02	-0.07	0.091	0.10	-0.047	-0.006
Cr	0.788	0.003	0.200	-0.02	0.08	-0.003	-0.08	-0.096	-0.158
Cu	0.727	-0.058	0.155	0.22	-0.04	0.314	0.01	-0.026	0.113
F	0.519	0.467	0.016	0.08	0.05	0.025	0.05	-0.405	0.192
Hg	0.063	0.040	0.216	0.01	-0.09	0.066	-0.12	0.015	0.689
La	0.374	0.565	-0.074	-0.02	0.27	0.034	0.06	0.246	0.089
Li	0.410	0.020	0.544	-0.16	-0.10	0.246	0.07	-0.333	0.140
Mn	0.653	0.211	0.049	0.12	-0.06	-0.116	0.15	0.262	0.016
Mo	0.046	0.523	-0.125	0.36	0.02	0.244	0.17	-0.085	-0.234
Nb	0.108	0.697	0.022	0.02	0.05	0.046	0.04	0.310	-0.195
Ni	0.830	-0.078	0.149	-0.08	0.02	0.061	0.08	-0.019	0.074
P	0.681	0.268	-0.268	0.16	0.25	-0.022	-0.09	-0.024	0.117
Pb	0.037	0.228	0.051	0.34	0.33	0.228	0.26	0.044	0.528
Sb	0.114	-0.045	0.707	0.10	-0.17	0.118	0.13	0.152	0.057
Sn	0.027	0.378	0.354	0.17	-0.03	0.054	-0.08	-0.024	0.164
Sr	0.224	-0.022	-0.448	-0.09	0.75	-0.007	-0.03	-0.013	0.099
Th	0.093	0.782	-0.091	-0.02	0.00	0.184	0.00	-0.009	0.121
Ti	0.806	0.249	0.060	0.03	-0.01	0.009	-0.13	0.255	-0.074
U	0.227	0.704	0.034	0.10	-0.11	0.217	-0.12	0.034	-0.012
V	0.864	0.085	0.115	0.03	0.01	0.150	-0.07	0.210	0.052
W	0.157	0.237	0.183	0.12	-0.07	0.752	-0.05	-0.008	-0.025
Y	0.050	0.712	-0.003	0.05	-0.01	-0.232	-0.03	0.028	0.045
Zn	0.579	0.307	-0.094	0.42	0.00	-0.016	0.14	-0.121	0.235
Zr	0.018	0.318	-0.228	-0.09	0.04	0.003	-0.07	0.777	0.065
Al₂O₃	0.204	0.165	-0.264	0.12	0.11	0.069	0.70	-0.181	-0.166
CaO	0.627	-0.117	-0.227	-0.02	-0.05	0.000	-0.22	-0.201	0.357
Fe₂O₃	0.881	0.249	-0.050	0.18	-0.10	0.011	0.07	-0.016	-0.079
K₂O	-0.479	0.397	-0.047	0.13	0.43	-0.012	0.40	-0.003	0.021
MgO	0.840	0.064	0.033	0.10	-0.02	0.020	-0.08	-0.248	0.044
Na₂O	-0.254	-0.039	-0.677	-0.10	0.15	0.013	0.40	0.149	0.120
SiO₂	-0.458	-0.185	0.035	-0.01	-0.37	-0.117	0.52	0.155	0.046
特征值	21.569	11.284	8.812	5.65	5.25	4.236	4.02	3.823	3.679
累积贡献率/%	21.57	32.85	41.67	47.31	52.56	56.80	60.82	64.64	68.32

BIMF4				Res
对数间隔	频率数	频率/%	累积频率/%	对数间隔	频率数	频率/%	累积频率/%
>-8~-7.5	13	0.23	0.23	>-7~-6.5	19	0.34	0.34
>-7.5~-7	12	0.22	0.45	>-6.5~-6	12	0.22	0.56
>-7~-6.5	11	0.20	0.65	>-6~-5.5	19	0.34	0.90
>-6.5~-6	22	0.40	1.04	>-5.5~-5	25	0.45	1.35
>-6~-5.5	49	0.88	1.92	>-5~-4.5	62	1.11	2.46
>-5.5~-5	75	1.35	3.27	>-4.5~-4	93	1.67	4.14
>-5~-4.5	120	2.16	5.43	>-4~-3.5	131	2.36	6.49
>-4.5~-4	168	3.02	8.45	>-3.5~-3	236	4.24	10.73
>-4~-3.5	309	5.56	14.01	>-3~-2.5	403	7.25	17.98
>-3.5~-3	481	8.65	22.65	>-2.5~-2	647	11.63	29.61
>-3~-2.5	914	16.43	39.09	>-2~-1.5	626	11.25	40.87
>-2.5~-2	1 426	25.64	64.72	>-1.5~-1	628	11.29	52.16
>-2~-1.5	1 062	19.09	83.82	>-1~-0.5	567	10.19	62.35
>-1.5~-1	653	11.74	95.56	>-0.5~0	665	11.96	74.31
>-1~-0.5	247	4.44	100.00	>0~0.5	567	10.19	84.50
				>0.5~1	471	8.47	92.97
				>1~1.5	391	7.03	100.00