Earth Science Frontiers ›› 2024, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 1-12.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.8.23

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Hierarchical technology system for the risk control of mercury contaminated sites

ZHAO Bin1,2(), YANG Yang3, ZHANG Hao3, JIN Yuanliang2, HOU Deyi2,*()   

  1. 1. Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
    2. School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
    3. Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China
  • Received:2023-04-22 Revised:2023-06-22 Online:2024-03-25 Published:2024-04-18

Abstract:

With the rapid industrialization and urbanization, the number of mercury contaminated sites (MCS) is increasing. These sites are primarily concentrated in multiple industries including primary mercury mining, non-ferrous metal smelting, polyvinyl chloride production using the chlor-alkali process, and mercury catalyst. It is crucial to establish a risk-based mercury contamination prevention and management system. This article analyzes the fundamental characteristics and causes of the MCS, and summarizes the sound experiences in developed countries in terms of policies, regulation, standard, and institutional development. An integrated technical system is proposed for the environmental risk quantification and multi-dimensional risk control, which considers contamination remediation, risk management, institutional control, public participation, etc. Firstly, key factors, including the distribution and bioavailability of mercury forms specific exposure pathways and sensitive receptors, as well as migration and fate within MCS, are carefully considered to precisely quantify the environmental risk. Subsequently, tailored risk management and control measures are selected for the target MCS with different risk levels, encompassing criteria thresholds, remediation technologies, and management systems. Guided by risk management, supported by quantitative assessment, systematic remediation, and overall management, this technology system establishes a comprehensive, three-dimensional, and precise model for the risk management of MCS. It complies with the general requirements of the State Councils Soil Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan, also known as “Soil Ten Measures”. This system provides technical support for the remediation of mercury contamination at site scale in China and also enhances the country’s compliance with the Minamata Convention on Mercury.

Key words: mercury, contaminated sites, risk management, institutional control, technical system

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