High-temperature characteristics and geodynamic background at depth of geothermal anomaly areas in eastern China

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.1.20

Abstract

Abstract:

There are many geothermal resource areas in eastern China, such as the Dongbei (northeastern China), Huabei-Huadong (northern and eastern China) and Southeast Hilly Coast geothermal anomaly areas. In order to rationally exploit and efficiently utilize geothermal resources, it is necessary to study the geothermal distribution and geodynamic background at depth of these geothermal anomaly areas. Different geothermal anomaly areas in eastern China have different geothermal geological conditions and heat source genesis. The Dongbei geothermal anomaly area—with geothermal resources mainly distributed in the Changbai Mountain, Songliao Basin, Erlian Basin and Yilan-Yitong fault graben—is an active area of volcanos, rifts and deep faults, and its deep heat-source and high-temperature anomaly are mainly related to magmatism caused by the western Pacific subduction. The Huabei-Huadong geothermal anomaly area—where geothermal resources are mainly distributed in the Bohai Bay Basin, South Huabei Basin Group, Linyi-Tancheng section of the Tanlu fault zone as well as Subei Basin—is a development area of rift valleys, active deep faults and karst thermal reservoirs; the deep heat-source and high-temperature anomaly in this area are mainly related to basin extension, fault depression and deep fault sliding caused by eastward compression of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and subduction-retreat of the Pacific plate. The Southeast Hilly Coast geothermal anomaly area—where geothermal resources are mainly distributed in central and western Guangdong, central and southern Jiangxi and northeast Fujian—is an area with volcanic belts and rock masses that have high radioactive element contents, and its deep heat-source and high-temperature anomalies are mainly related to magmatism caused by lithospheric tension thinning in the South China Sea. According to our calculation, in areas with heat flow greater than 80 mW/m2, ground temperatures at 10 km depth can range between 260-360 ℃ in Dongbei, 270-400 ℃ in Huabei-Huadong, and 260-340 ℃ in Southeast Hilly Coast area. When the Curie temperature is taken as 475 ℃, the Curie depths can range between 14.7-23.7 km in Dongbei, 18.4-26.5 km in Huabei-Huadong, and 16.9-24.9 km in Southeast Hilly Coast area. Through comprehensive analysis we found that there are three types of high-quality geothermal resource areas in eastern China, with different thermal structures: 1) high shallow-ground temperature, deep Curie depth and shallow mantle heat-source in the Changbai Mountain and Dongying area; 2) high shallow-ground temperature, deep Curie depth and deep mantle heat-source in the central Songliao Basin and northeastern Bohai Bay Basin; and 3) low shallow-ground temperature, shallow Curie depth and shallow mantle heat-source in the area between Quanzhou and Zhangzhou.

Key words: eastern China, Dongbei geothermal anomaly area, Huabei-Huadong geothermal anomaly area, Southeast Hilly Coast geothermal anomaly area, deep high-temperature geothermal resource, curie-point isotherm surface

CLC Number:

ZHANG Jian, FANG Gui, HE Yubei. High-temperature characteristics and geodynamic background at depth of geothermal anomaly areas in eastern China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2023, 30(2): 316-332.

Figures/Tables 14

Fig.1 Sketch map showing the geothermal geological conditions in eastern China. Heat flow value adapted from [1-2].

Fig.2 Magnetic anomaly (a) and Moho depth (b) contour maps of northeastern China (aka Dongbei area)

Fig.3 Upper crustal temperature in the Dongbei geothermal anomaly area

Table 1 Formation thermophysical parameters for geothermal anomaly area of northeastern China. Adapted from [19-20].

层位	厚度/km			热导率/(W·(m·K)^-1)				生热率/(μW·m^-3)
层位	范围	平均		范围		平均		范围		平均
沉积盖层	0~4.36	1.15	1.5~2.5		2.2		2.26~2.95		2.35
上地壳	8.79~12.95	10.14	2.0~2.75		2.6		1.24~2.38		1.36

Fig.4 Curie depth contour map and geothermal profile of the Dongbei geothermal anomaly area

Table 2 Formation thermophysical parameters in geothermal anomaly area of North and East China[21⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓-36]

层位	厚度/km			热导率/(W·(m·K)^-1)				生热率/(μW·m^-3)
层位	范围	平均		范围		平均		范围		平均
沉积盖层	0.03~8.18	1.73	1.45~1.88		1.76		1.61~2.82		1.85
上地壳	6.68~17.91	10.61	3.5		3.5		1.05~1.26		1.21

Fig.5 Upper crustal temperatures in the Huabei-Huadong geothermal anomaly area

Fig.6 Curie-depth contour map and geothermal profiles of the Huabei-Huadong geothermal anomaly area

Table 3 Formation thermophysical parameters for the of the Southeast hilly-coastal geothermal anomaly area. Adapted from [41⇓-43].

层位	厚度/km			热导率/(W·(m·K)^-1)				生热率/(μW·m^-3)
层位	范围	平均		范围		平均		范围		平均
沉积盖层	0~1.8	1.73	2.2~2.39		2.37		2.76~3.0		2.87
上地壳	9.53~11.63	10.63	3.0		3.0		1.22~1.38		1.26

Fig.7 Upper crustal temperature in the Southeast hilly coastal geothermal anomaly area

Fig.8 Curie-depth contour map and geothermal profiles of the Southeast hilly coastal geothermal anomaly area

Fig.9 Curie-temperature and Curie-depth analysis diagram

Fig.10 Thermal structure of Curie surface and shear-wave velocity structure of upper mantle

Fig.11 Geodynamic background of geothermal anomaly area of eastern China. Vs-velocity profile adapted from [65].

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