Primary halo zonation in and a deep orebody prediction model for the inner-outer contact zone of the Laochang Sn-Cu deposit in Gejiu

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.1.8

Abstract

Abstract:

The primary haloes of mineral deposits occur as envelopes around individual mineral deposits and are usually contemporaneous with mineral alteration and deposition. Zonation of primary haloes of mineral deposits is quite predictable and explicable, thus it generally provides better ore prospecting targets. Besides, primary haloes of some metal deposits may provide important insight for targeting deeply buried orebodies. The Laochang Sn-polymetallic deposit is an important member of the Gejiu giant (Sn-Cu) polymetallic deposit characterized by skarnized mineralization. The skarnized mineralization can be subdivided into endoskarn and exoskarn mineralization types based on the spatial distribution patterns. The former occurs in the inner altered intrusion zone while the latter mainly in carbonate rocks near intrusions. They have the following geochemical similarities and differences: (1) The axial zoning sequences of endoskarn and exoskarn orebodies are (from head to tail) Ag-As-Bi-Cu-F-Pb-Sn-Zn-B → Ba-Co-Cr-Ni-Sb-V → Be-Mo-W and F-B-Ba-W → Cu-Sb-Be-Cr → Sn-Pb-Zn-Ni-Ag → Co-Mo-Bi-As, respectively, indicating consistency in anomaly element but not in axial zoning sequence. (2) In endoskarn mineralization, there are three ore-forming element associations: (a) As-B-Be-Co-Sn, representing greisenized cassiterite-sulfide-tourmaline mineralization; (b) Ag-Pb-Cu-Zn, representing kerargyrite-galena-sphalerite-chalcopyrite mineralization; and (c) Mo-W, representing skarnized molybdenite-scheelite mineralization. (3) In exoskarn mineralization, there are also three ore-forming element associations: (a) Ag-Bi-Sn-Cu, representing kerargyrite-bismuthinite-stannite(cassiterite)-chalcopyrite mineralization; (b) As-Zn-Pb, representing skarnized arsenopyrite-galena-sphalerite mineralization; and (c) F-Be-W-Mo, representing greisenized fluorite-beryl-scheelite-molybdenite mineralization. The above ore-forming element associations indicate skarn mineralization involves multistage processes. Finally, on the basis of primary halo axial zoning sequence, the prediction patterns of deep orebodies in endoskarn and exoskarn zones are established, thereby providing a powerful tool for the prediction of concealed orebodies.

Key words: pathfinder elements, primary halo zonation, prediction pattern of deep orebodies, Gejiu ore field, SW China

CLC Number:

P618.2

ZHU Xu, YANG Rong, CHEN Yongqing, WANG Lianyue, LI Gang. Primary halo zonation in and a deep orebody prediction model for the inner-outer contact zone of the Laochang Sn-Cu deposit in Gejiu[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2021, 28(3): 112-127.

Figures/Tables 15

References 36

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参数	各元素相关参数值
参数	Ag	As	B	Be	Ba	Bi	Co	Cr	Cu
Min	0.02	0.90	0.70	0.10	6.00	0.30	1.00	16.00	8.00
Max	251	48 798	7 290	732	232	20 460	208	72	85 630
$\bar{X}$	0.06	6.80	30.45	9.64	57.32	1.18	1.73	21.65	18.40
S	0.02	4.16	24.96	5.90	21.74	0.61	0.66	1.38	8.73
C_a	0.10	15.13	80.36	21.43	100.79	2.41	3.05	24.42	35.86
aC_a	0.31	30.25	160.73	42.87	201.58	4.81	6.10	48.83	71.73
a²C_a	0.92	60.51	321.45	85.74	403.17	9.63	12.20	97.67	143.45
参数	各元素相关参数值
参数	F	Mo	Ni	Pb	Sb	Sn	V	W	Zn
Min	0.03	0.20	2.00	3.00	0.10	0.40	2.00	1.00	8.00
Max	9.92	118	40	855	124	91 830	148	5 330	2 965
$\bar{X}$	0.15	0.79	3.79	17.04	0.59	7.75	6.96	9.68	24.86
S	0.07	0.31	1.24	14.17	0.32	7.65	1.61	6.31	6.89
C_a	0.29	1.41	6.27	45.38	1.23	23.06	10.17	22.31	38.63
aC_a	0.58	2.82	12.55	90.76	2.45	46.11	20.34	44.62	77.26
a²C_a	1.16	5.64	25.10	181.52	4.90	92.22	40.69	89.25	154.52

参数	各元素相关参数值
参数	Ag	As	B	Be	Ba	Bi	Co	Cr	Cu
Min	0.02	0.90	0.70	0.10	6.00	0.30	1.00	16.00	8.00
Max	251	48 798	7 290	732	232	20 460	208	72	85 630
$\bar{X}$	0.06	6.80	30.45	9.64	57.32	1.18	1.73	21.65	18.40
S	0.02	4.16	24.96	5.90	21.74	0.61	0.66	1.38	8.73
C_a	0.10	15.13	80.36	21.43	100.79	2.41	3.05	24.42	35.86
aC_a	0.31	30.25	160.73	42.87	201.58	4.81	6.10	48.83	71.73
a²C_a	0.92	60.51	321.45	85.74	403.17	9.63	12.20	97.67	143.45
参数	各元素相关参数值
参数	F	Mo	Ni	Pb	Sb	Sn	V	W	Zn
Min	0.03	0.20	2.00	3.00	0.10	0.40	2.00	1.00	8.00
Max	9.92	118	40	855	124	91 830	148	5 330	2 965
$\bar{X}$	0.15	0.79	3.79	17.04	0.59	7.75	6.96	9.68	24.86
S	0.07	0.31	1.24	14.17	0.32	7.65	1.61	6.31	6.89
C_a	0.29	1.41	6.27	45.38	1.23	23.06	10.17	22.31	38.63
aC_a	0.58	2.82	12.55	90.76	2.45	46.11	20.34	44.62	77.26
a²C_a	1.16	5.64	25.10	181.52	4.90	92.22	40.69	89.25	154.52

元素	标准化系数	标准化线金属量/(10^-6·m)				分带指数/10^-2
元素	标准化系数	ZK10225	ZK10208	ZK10207	ZK10209	ZK10225	ZK10208	ZK10207	ZK10209
Ag	10³	515 651	101 445	22 605	28 972	7.8	3.42	0.65	1.25
As	10	579 028	178 095	19 146	78 741	8.76	6.01	0.55	3.41
B	10²	519 425	493 655	118 375	154 040	7.86	16.63	3.42	6.67
Be	10³	622 635	124 240	245 700	483 195	9.42	4.19	7.09	20.92
Ba	10²	47 685	37 645	109 025	13 180	0.72	1.27	3.15	0.57
Bi	10²	373 017	4 956	40 659	27 881	5.64	0.17	1.17	1.21
Co	10³	249 850	141 500	164 250	58 880	3.78	4.78	7.74	2.55
Cr	10³	47 250	223 300	454 550	27 000	0.72	7.54	13.11	1.17
Cu	1	195 722	33 809	17 568	23 884	2.96	1.14	0.51	1.03
F	10⁴	254 335	57 330	45 760	51 021	3.85	1.94	1.32	2.21
Mo	10⁴	272 700	29 300	277 100	774 430	4.13	0.99	7.99	33.53
Ni	10³	134 250	493 500	628 400	55 060	2.03	16.66	18.13	2.38
Pb	10²	221 965	2 450	6 300	4 600	3.36	0.08	0.18	0.21
Sb	10³	131 305	54 130	85 190	36 177	1.99	1.83	2.46	1.57
Sn	10	271 002	111 230	13 218	8 661	4.10	3.75	0.38	0.38
V	10³	389 850	445 750	767 800	29 500	5.90	15.05	22.15	1.28
W	10²	973 494	308 346	366 719	392 462	14.73	1.41	10.58	16.99
Zn	10²	807 705	121 770	83 680	61 752	12.23	4.11	2.41	2.67
∑		6 606 869	2 962 451	3 466 045	2 309 436

元素	标准化系数	标准化线金属量/(10^-6·m)				分带指数/10^-2
元素	标准化系数	ZK10225	ZK10208	ZK10207	ZK10209	ZK10225	ZK10208	ZK10207	ZK10209
Ag	10³	515 651	101 445	22 605	28 972	7.8	3.42	0.65	1.25
As	10	579 028	178 095	19 146	78 741	8.76	6.01	0.55	3.41
B	10²	519 425	493 655	118 375	154 040	7.86	16.63	3.42	6.67
Be	10³	622 635	124 240	245 700	483 195	9.42	4.19	7.09	20.92
Ba	10²	47 685	37 645	109 025	13 180	0.72	1.27	3.15	0.57
Bi	10²	373 017	4 956	40 659	27 881	5.64	0.17	1.17	1.21
Co	10³	249 850	141 500	164 250	58 880	3.78	4.78	7.74	2.55
Cr	10³	47 250	223 300	454 550	27 000	0.72	7.54	13.11	1.17
Cu	1	195 722	33 809	17 568	23 884	2.96	1.14	0.51	1.03
F	10⁴	254 335	57 330	45 760	51 021	3.85	1.94	1.32	2.21
Mo	10⁴	272 700	29 300	277 100	774 430	4.13	0.99	7.99	33.53
Ni	10³	134 250	493 500	628 400	55 060	2.03	16.66	18.13	2.38
Pb	10²	221 965	2 450	6 300	4 600	3.36	0.08	0.18	0.21
Sb	10³	131 305	54 130	85 190	36 177	1.99	1.83	2.46	1.57
Sn	10	271 002	111 230	13 218	8 661	4.10	3.75	0.38	0.38
V	10³	389 850	445 750	767 800	29 500	5.90	15.05	22.15	1.28
W	10²	973 494	308 346	366 719	392 462	14.73	1.41	10.58	16.99
Zn	10²	807 705	121 770	83 680	61 752	12.23	4.11	2.41	2.67
∑		6 606 869	2 962 451	3 466 045	2 309 436

元素	各因子载荷
元素	F1	F2	F3	F4	F5
Ag	0.11	0.94	0.00	0.22	-0.01
As	0.83	0.31	-0.08	0.31	-0.03
B	0.92	0.05	-0.07	0.05	0.04
Be	0.78	0.02	-0.03	-0.27	0.26
Ba	-0.13	-0.14	0.02	0.14	0.11
Bi	-0.04	-0.05	0.22	0.37	0.11
Co	0.74	0.22	0.11	0.43	-0.01
Cr	-0.07	-0.13	0.83	0.07	-0.03
Cu	0.05	0.95	0.02	0.17	0.03
F	0.13	0.24	-0.06	0.79	0.15
Mo	0.08	0.05	-0.09	-0.15	0.84
Ni	0.03	0.11	0.85	-0.05	-0.08
Pb	0.24	0.82	-0.16	-0.07	0.07
Sb	0.06	0.25	-0.17	0.45	-0.07
Sn	0.97	0.05	0.01	0.03	-0.08
V	-0.02	-0.07	0.70	-0.14	0.02
W	0.01	0.02	0.03	0.30	0.86
Zn	0.04	0.96	0.00	0.20	0.01
方差贡献/%	20.81	20.49	11.26	8.85	8.82
累计贡献方差/%	20.81	41.30	52.56	61.40	70.23