嫦娥六号探测器预选着陆区区域地质特征及演化分析

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.12.29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

阿波罗盆地是月球南极-艾肯盆地(SPA)中挖掘深度最深且直径最大的撞击盆地,是2024年嫦娥六号开展月球背面采样返回的预选着陆区。研究该区域的地质特征和演化历史,有助于研究月球壳幔的结构和组成、南极-艾肯构造区的形成和演化、南极-艾肯盆地的重力异常等一系列月球科学问题。本文基于多源遥感数据,以GIS为技术平台,对阿波罗盆地及邻区的地形地貌特征、岩石学特征和各种构造要素进行研究。重新划分阿波罗盆地内的玄武岩单元,利用撞击坑大小-频率定年法和更新后的月球年代函数模型,获得其绝对模式年龄。此外,厘清区域地质构造演化历史,分析区域的火山活动热演化模式,为嫦娥六号月球探测器采样返回的后续研究提供参考。研究结果如下:研究区出露的岩石以亚铁斜长岩套、亚铁苏长岩套和月海玄武岩为主,纯斜长岩和火成碎屑岩零星分布;阿波罗盆地内月海玄武岩单元的绝对模式年龄为3.47~2.57 Ga;研究区发育127条坑底断裂和14处火山口,是反映区域热演化的重要构造;研究区经过3次大型撞击,形成SPA、阿波罗和奥本海默盆地;区域火山活动从晚雨海世持续到爱拉托逊纪,至少经历了两期次玄武岩喷发事件。

关键词: 月球, 阿波罗盆地, 嫦娥六号, 区域地质演化

Abstract:

The Apollo Basin is the impact basin with the deepest excavation depth and the largest diameter among the lunar South Pole-Aiken Basin (SPA). It is the pre-selected landing area for the Chang’e-6 mission to carry out sampling and return operations on the far-side of the moon in 2024. Studying the geological characteristics and evolution of this region is of great significance for understanding a series of lunar scientific issues such as the structure and composition of the lunar crust and mantle, the formation and evolution of the SPA tectonic zone, as well as the gravity anomalies of the SPA Basin. This study investigates the topographic and geomorphological characteristics, petrological features, and structural elements of the Apollo Basin and its adjacent areas based on multi-source remote sensing data and utilizing GIS as a technical platform. By re-dividing the basalt units within the Apollo Basin and applying the crater size-frequency dating method alongside the updated lunar age function model, we determined the absolute model ages of the mare basalt units. Furthermore, this study clarifies the evolutionary history of regional geological structures and analyzes the thermal evolution model of regional volcanic activity, providing valuable insights for future research related to the Chang’e-6 lunar probe sample return mission. The key findings are as follows: The exposed rocks in the study area primarily consist of ferrous anorthositic suite, ferrous noritic suite, and mare basalts, with scattered occurrences of pure anorthosite and igneous clastic rocks. The absolute model ages of the mare basalt units within the Apollo Basin range from 3.47 to 2.57 Ga. The study area contains 127 crater floor faults and 14 volcanic vents, which serve as significant structural indicators of regional thermal evolution. The region has experienced three major impact events, leading to the formation of the South Pole-Aitken (SPA) Basin, Apollo Basin, and Oppenheimer Basin. Volcanic activity in the area persisted from the Late Imbrium to the Eratosthenian period, with at least two distinct episodes of basaltic eruptions.

Key words: Moon, Apollo Basin, Chang’e-6 probe, evolution of regional geology

中图分类号:

P184.62

刘力维, 韩坤英, 丁孝忠, 金铭, 庞健峰, 王颖, 邵天瑞. 嫦娥六号探测器预选着陆区区域地质特征及演化分析[J]. 地学前缘, 2025, 32(2): 332-345.

LIU Liwei, HAN Kunying, DING Xiaozhong, JIN Ming, PANG Jianfeng, WANG Ying, SHAO Tianrui. Regional geological characteristics and evolution of the pre-selected landing area of the Chang’e-6 probe[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2025, 32(2): 332-345.

图/表 8

图1 研究区位置图底图为嫦娥二号CCD影像图,黑色虚线为SPA盆地最佳拟合椭圆。

Fig.1 Regional location map of the study area

图2 研究区地形和月壳结构 a—LOLA高程数据和剖面线位置;b,c—质量瘤附近GRAIL布格重力异常和月壳厚度数据;d,e—A-B和C-D的地形剖面及莫霍面位置。

Fig.2 Topography and lunar crust structure of the study area

图3 阿波罗盆地及邻区岩石类型图

Fig.3 Rock types in the Apollo Basin and adjacent areas

图4 阿波罗盆地月海玄武岩单元划分

Fig.4 Division of lunar mare basalt units in the Apollo Basin

图5 月海玄武岩定年 Ap1-Ap6对应图4玄武岩单元划分。

Fig.5 Chronology of lunar mare basalts

图6 研究区盆地与撞击坑分布特征图图中示研究区不同时代盆地和撞击坑的分布特征:a—艾肯纪;b—酒海纪;c—雨海纪;d—哥白尼纪。

Fig.6 Distribution characteristics of basins and impact craters in the study area

图7 阿波罗盆地构造解译 a-c—火山口(红色箭头)、坑底断裂(白色箭头)、穹窿(黄色箭头)和皱脊(绿色箭头)位置,底图为WAC影像;d-f—A-A'为火山口剖面线,B-B'为坑底断裂剖面线,C-C'为穹窿剖面线,D-D'为皱脊剖面线,底图为LOLA高程数据和WAC影像数据叠加;g-j—对应A-A'、B-B'、C-C'和D-D'的地形剖面。

Fig.7 Tectonic interpretation of the Apollo Basin

图8 阿波罗盆地火山活动模式图

Fig.8 Volcanic activity patterns in the Apollo Basin

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