中非Muglad盆地晚白垩世海侵及其对油气勘探的意义

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.6.19

地学前缘 ›› 2024, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 352-359.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.6.19

中非Muglad盆地晚白垩世海侵及其对油气勘探的意义

肖洪¹^,²(), 李美俊¹^,², 程顶胜³, 刘计国³, 李晋⁴, 邢向荣⁵

1.中国石油大学(北京) 油气资源与工程全国重点实验室, 北京 102249
2.中国石油大学(北京) 地球科学学院, 北京 102249
3.中国石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083
4.中国石化石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083
5.中国石油新疆油田公司风城油田作业区油田地质研究所, 新疆克拉玛依 834000

收稿日期:2022-11-27 修回日期:2023-06-29 出版日期:2024-05-25 发布日期:2024-05-25
作者简介:肖洪(1990—),男,博士,讲师,从事有机地球化学研究。E-mail: xiaohong@cup.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42202134);中国石油大学(北京)科研基金项目(2462023YJRC010)

Late Cretaceous transgression in the Muglad Basin of Central Africa and its implication for oil and gas exploration

XIAO Hong¹^,²(), LI Meijun¹^,², CHENG Dingsheng³, LIU Jiguo³, LI Jin⁴, XING Xiangrong⁵

1. National Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
2. College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
3. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China
4. SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Production, Beijing 100083, China
5. Research Institute of Oilfield Geology, Fengcheng Oilfield, PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company, Karamay 834000, China

Received:2022-11-27 Revised:2023-06-29 Online:2024-05-25 Published:2024-05-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

晚白垩世全球大规模海侵被认为仅淹没了非洲大陆北部地区,而位于非洲中部的Muglad盆地则未遭受海侵的影响,且盆地内仅发育一套富有机质的烃源岩,即下白垩统Abu Gabra组湖相泥岩。本次研究采集了下白垩统Abu Gabra组湖相泥岩和上白垩统Darfur群泥岩样品,在上白垩统Darfur群泥岩中检测到完全不同于下白垩统Abu Gabra组湖相泥岩的甲藻甾烷和三环萜烷组成,主要表现为高丰度的甲藻甾烷异构体和C₂₃三环萜烷丰度优势,认为其是海侵作用的产物。依据分析结果,本文首次提出上白垩统Darfur群沉积期可能受到新特提斯洋海水的影响,进一步揭示了晚白垩世全球海侵在非洲大陆的海水淹没范围已抵达中非大陆Muglad盆地。此外,上白垩统Darfur群海相富有机质泥岩的存在,揭示研究区不仅发育下白垩统Abu Gabra组湖相烃源岩,还发育一套潜在的海相烃源岩。而K-1井海相原油的发现进一步证实了上白垩统Darfur群海相烃源岩的生烃潜力,海相原油可能是研究区未来油气勘探的新领域。

关键词: 海侵, 晚白垩世, 分子标志化合物, 甲藻甾烷, 三环萜烷, 海相原油

Abstract:

The global transgression during the Late Cretaceous was previously believed to have primarily affected the northern African continent, with the Muglad Basin in the central African region thought to have been unaffected by this event. Within the basin, only one set of organic-rich source rock was known to have formed, namely the lacustrine mudstone of the Lower Cretaceous Abu Gabra Formation. This study collected mudstone samples from both the Upper Cretaceous Darfur Group and the Lower Cretaceous Abu Gabra Formation. Analysis revealed that the mudstones from the Upper Cretaceous Darfur Group exhibit a distinct distribution of dinosteranes and tricyclic terpanes compared to the lacustrine source rocks of the Lower Cretaceous Abu Gabra Formation, showing an abundance of dinosteranes and C₂₃ tricyclic terpanes, which are likely products of transgression. This study suggests that the mudstones from the Upper Cretaceous Darfur Group were influenced by seawater from the Neo-Tethys Ocean, indicating that the global transgression in the Late Cretaceous extended into the Muglad Basin in Central Africa. Furthermore, the presence of organic-rich marine mudstones in the Darfur Group suggests that the basin not only accumulated the lacustrine source rock of the Abu Gabra Formation but also potentially deposited a set of marine source rock. The discovery of marine oil in the K-1 well further confirms the hydrocarbon generation potential of marine source rock in the Darfur Group, pointing to new prospects for petroleum exploration in the Muglad Basin in the future.

Key words: transgression, Late Cretaceous, molecular fossils, dinosteranes, tricyclic terpanes, marine oil

中图分类号:

P618.13

肖洪, 李美俊, 程顶胜, 刘计国, 李晋, 邢向荣. 中非Muglad盆地晚白垩世海侵及其对油气勘探的意义[J]. 地学前缘, 2024, 31(3): 352-359.

XIAO Hong, LI Meijun, CHENG Dingsheng, LIU Jiguo, LI Jin, XING Xiangrong. Late Cretaceous transgression in the Muglad Basin of Central Africa and its implication for oil and gas exploration[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2024, 31(3): 352-359.

图/表 8

图1 Muglad盆地地理位置及地层柱状图(据文献[7,10,12])

Fig.1 Geological location and stratigraphic column of the Muglad Basin. Adapted from [7,10,12].

图2 下(a)、上(b)白垩统代表性样品中甲藻甾烷的分布特征

Fig.2 Distribution of dinosteranes in the Lower(a) and Upper(b) Cretaceous sediments

图3 上白垩统沉积物中甲藻甾烷的质谱图化合物D1-D4的分布见图2b,其中D1为20R-4α,23S,24S-三甲基胆甾烷,D2为20R-4α,23S,24R-三甲基胆甾烷,D3为20R-4α,23R,24R-三甲基胆甾烷,D4为20R-4α,23R,24S-三甲基胆甾烷。

Fig.3 Mass spectra of four 4α,23,24-trimethylcholestanes (dinosteranes) isomers

图4 下(a)、上(b)白垩统代表性样品中三环萜烷的分布特征

Fig.4 Distribution of tricyclic terpanes in the Lower(a) and Upper(b) Cretaceous sediments

图5 上、下白垩统代表性样品中C19+20、C21和C23三环萜烷相对含量三角图(据文献[35])

Fig.5 A ternary diagram of relative abundance of C19+20TT, C21TT, and C23TT of the Upper and Lower Cretaceous sediments.Adapted from [35].

图6 上、下白垩统代表性样品在10C23TT/(C23TT+C30H)与C24TeT/(C24TeT+C26TT)(a)和C29TT/C30H与C28TT/C30H(b)相关图中的分布特征(据文献[36])

Fig.6 Cross plots of 10C23TT/(C23TT+C30H) vs. C24TeT/(C24TeT+C26TT)(a) and C29TT/C30H vs. C28TT/C30H (b) in the Upper and Lower Cretaceous sediments. Adapted from [36].

图7 上、下白垩统代表性样品在C19+20TT/C23TT与C23TT/C21TT(a)和C19+20TT/C23TT与C24TeT/C26TT(b)相关图中的分布特征(据文献[42])

Fig.7 Cross plots of C19+20TT/C23TT vs. C23TT/C21TT (a) and C19+20TT/C23TT vs. C24TeT/C26TT (b) in the Upper and Lower Cretaceous sediments. Adapted from [42].

图8 上白垩统Darfur群泥岩与K-1井原油中三环萜烷和甲藻甾烷对比

Fig.8 Comparative analysis of tricyclic terpanes and dinosteranes distribution in the Darfur Group sediments and K-1 well crude oil

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中非Muglad盆地晚白垩世海侵及其对油气勘探的意义

Late Cretaceous transgression in the Muglad Basin of Central Africa and its implication for oil and gas exploration

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