泰国湾表层沉积物陆源碎屑的粒度特征及其展现的沉积动力环境

doi:10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.1.18

地学前缘 ›› 2022, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (4): 211-220.DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2022.1.18

• 深海沉积与快速气候变化 • 上一篇下一篇

泰国湾表层沉积物陆源碎屑的粒度特征及其展现的沉积动力环境

冯铄¹, 刘志飞¹^,^*(), Penjai SOMPONGCHAIYAKUL², 林宝治¹, Martin G. WIESNER³

1.同济大学海洋地质国家重点实验室, 上海 200092
2. Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
3. Institute of Geology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 20146, Germany

收稿日期:2021-09-27 修回日期:2021-12-18 出版日期:2022-07-25 发布日期:2022-07-28
通讯作者: 刘志飞
作者简介:冯铄(1997—),女,硕士研究生,海洋科学专业。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划战略性国际科技创新合作重点专项课题(2018YFE0202402);上海市“科技创新行动计划”国际科技合作项目(20590780200)

Grain size characteristics of terrigenous clastics in surface sediments of the Gulf of Thailand and their significance for sedimentary dynamic environment

FENG Shuo¹, LIU Zhifei¹^,^*(), Penjai SOMPONGCHAIYAKUL², LIN Baozhi¹, Martin G. WIESNER³

1. State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
2. Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
3. Institute of Geology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 20146, Germany

Received:2021-09-27 Revised:2021-12-18 Online:2022-07-25 Published:2022-07-28
Contact: LIU Zhifei

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

海洋碎屑沉积物的粒度特征是海底沉积动力环境的直接体现,是用来研究海洋动力环境变化的重要手段,尤其是陆架海底表层沉积物的粒度分布,对于研究沿岸和水柱底边界层现今海洋动力环境可起到重要作用。该项研究通过调查遍布泰国湾至湄公河口海底表层沉积物陆源碎屑的粒度分布特征,以期获得影响现今特定海域沉积作用的海洋动力环境过程。粒度分析的结果显示,泰国湾表层沉积物的陆源碎屑以细砂-细粉砂为主,分选总体较差,频率分布以正偏为主。其中,细砂-极细砂组分主要分布在曼谷湾和柬埔寨沿岸。湄公河岸外沉积物为细砂,且分选比泰国湾区域的沉积物要好。这些表层沉积物的粒度特征具有良好的环境变化指示作用。湄公河岸外分选较好、近于正态分布的中砂沉积物指示了波浪作用下的沉积环境。曼谷湾和柬埔寨沿岸分选较差的中砂-细砂粗粒沉积物反映了潮汐和波浪的共同作用;泰国湾东西沿岸区域分选中等、呈正偏态的极细砂-中粉砂沉积物体现了潮汐的控制作用;而泰国湾中部分选较差的沉积物则指示了表层洋流作用。研究表明,泰国湾和湄公河岸外表层沉积物陆源碎屑的粒度分布特征可用于区分不同海洋动力因素的控制作用,揭示出泰国湾的沉积动力环境主要受潮汐、波浪和洋流的共同影响,湄公河岸外的沉积动力环境主要受波浪的影响。

关键词: 粒度, 表层沉积物, 沉积动力环境, 泰国湾

Abstract:

The grain size characteristics of marine clastic sediments can directly reflect the marine sedimentary dynamic environment, thus can be used to study the variation of marine dynamic environment. In particular, the grain size distribution of surface sediments on the continental shelf plays an important role in studying the modern marine dynamic environment of coastal and water column bottom boundary layer. This research investigated the grain size distribution characteristics of terrigenous clastics in surface sediments collected from the Gulf of Thailand and the Mekong River estuary, to obtain the marine dynamic environmental processes affecting the particle sedimentation in specific sea areas. The results of grain size analysis show that the terrigenous clastics in surface sediments in the Gulf of Thailand are composed mainly of poorly sorted fine sand to fine silt, characterized mostly by positive skewness in frequency distribution patterns. The fine to very fine sand components are mainly distributed at the bay of Bangkok and shelves off Cambodia. The sediments off the Mekong River are fine sand and the sorting is better than that in the Gulf of Thailand. These grain size characteristics of surface sediments can serve as good proxies to explicitly indicate the environmental variations in this area. The well sorted medium sand with nearly normal distribution patterns in sediments off the Mekong River indicate the depositional environment under the influence of the waves. The poorly sorted medium sand to fine sand sediments in the bay of Bangkok and off Cambodia reflect the combined effect of tides and waves. The very fine sand to medium silt sediments with medium sorting and positive skewness in the east and west coast of the Gulf of Thailand reflect the controlling effect of tides. And the sediments in the central Gulf of Thailand with poorly sorting indicate the influence of surface currents. This study shows that the grain size distribution characteristics of terrigenous clastics in surface sediments of the Gulf of Thailand and off the Mekong River can be used to distinguish the control effects of different marine dynamic factors, and to reveal that the sedimentary dynamic environment in the Gulf of Thailand is mainly affected by tides, waves and currents and the sedimentary dynamic environment off the Mekong River is affected by waves.

Key words: grain size, surface sediments, sedimentary dynamic environment, Gulf of Thailand

中图分类号:

P736.21

冯铄, 刘志飞, Penjai SOMPONGCHAIYAKUL, 林宝治, Martin G. WIESNER. 泰国湾表层沉积物陆源碎屑的粒度特征及其展现的沉积动力环境[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(4): 211-220.

FENG Shuo, LIU Zhifei, Penjai SOMPONGCHAIYAKUL, LIN Baozhi, Martin G. WIESNER. Grain size characteristics of terrigenous clastics in surface sediments of the Gulf of Thailand and their significance for sedimentary dynamic environment[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2022, 29(4): 211-220.

图/表 8

图1 泰国湾地理位置及样品站位分布图黑色虚线为泰国湾冬季表层环流,黑色实线为泰国湾夏季表层环流,环流数据引自文献[26⇓-28],实心圆点为样品站位。

Fig.1 Geographic location of the Gulf of Thailand and distribution of sample stations therein

图2 泰国湾表层沉积物平均粒径(a)、分选系数(b)及偏度的平面分布图(c) 虚线为5种不同类型的频率曲线分布区域。A—曼谷湾;B—柬埔寨沿岸;C—泰国湾东西沿岸区域;D—泰国湾中部;E—湄公河岸外。

Fig.2 Surface sediment average grain size (a), sorting coefficient (b) and skewness (c) distributions in the Gulf of Thailand

图3 泰国湾表层沉积物粒度频率分布曲线类型灰绿色线为不同类型频率分布曲线的样品,黑色线为不同类型频率分布曲线的典型样品,红线为中值粒径,蓝线为平均粒径,黄色阴影为主峰范围,粉色阴影为次峰范围,灰色阴影为粒级分区范围(Ⅰ—Ⅸ)。A—E区所处位置见图2。

Fig.3 Types of surface sediment grain size distributions in the Gulf of Thailand

图4 泰国湾不同区域表层沉积物粒度参数(分选系数、平均粒径、偏度)特征 A—曼谷湾;B—柬埔寨沿岸;C—泰国湾东西沿岸区域;D—泰国湾中部;E—湄公河岸外。

Fig.4 Characteristics of grain size parameters (average particle size, sorting coefficient, skewness) in different regions of the Gulf of Thailand

表1 泰国湾不同区域表层沉积物粒度的频率分布特征及粒度参数特征

Table 1 Characteristics of surface sediment grain size distributions in and grain size parameters for different regions of the Gulf of Thailand

区域名	峰值数	主峰粒径	次峰粒径	平均粒径Ф	分选	偏度
曼谷湾	4	中砂-极细砂	极细砂-极细粉砂	细砂-极细砂平均值:Ф 3.24	较差平均值:1.66	正偏态平均值:0.39
柬埔寨沿岸	3	中砂-细砂	粗粉砂	细砂-极细砂平均值:Ф 3.16	较差平均值:1.83	正偏态平均值:0.36
泰国湾东西沿岸	1	极细砂-粗粉砂		极细砂-中粉砂平均值:Ф 4.64	中等平均值:1.51	正偏态平均值:0.39
泰国湾中部	2	极细砂-粗粉砂	细粉砂-极细粉砂	极细砂-细粉砂平均值:Ф 5.31	较差平均值:1.76	正偏态平均值:0.28
湄公河岸外	1	细砂		细砂平均值:Ф 2.41	较好平均值:0.66	正态分布平均值:0.14

图5 泰国湾不同区域表层沉积物典型样品粒度概率累积曲线(a)和频率分布曲线(b) 实心正方形—概率累积曲线的细截点,橘黄色箭头—细截点运动方向,红色双箭头实线—跳跃组分含量,蓝色双箭头实线—悬浮组分含量。不同区域典型样品名称:A区(曼谷湾)—GT-92;B区(柬埔寨沿岸)—GOT18-55;C区(泰国湾东西沿岸区域)—GOT18-67;D区(泰国湾中部)—SUT01;E区(湄公河岸外)—SO187-82。

Fig.5 Typical surface sediment grain size probability cumulative curves (a) and distribution curves (b) for different regions of the Gulf of Thailand

图6 泰国湾不同区域表层沉积物粒度参数图 A区—曼谷湾;B区—柬埔寨沿岸;C区—泰国湾东西沿岸区域;D区—泰国湾中部;E区—湄公河岸外,波浪作用区和潮汐作用区数据引自文献[2,33⇓-35]。

Fig.6 Surface sediment grain size parameters for different regions of the Gulf of Thailand

图7 泰国湾表层沉积物粒度分布的控制因素

Fig.7 Factors controlling surface sediment grain size distribution in the Gulf of Thailand

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泰国湾表层沉积物陆源碎屑的粒度特征及其展现的沉积动力环境

Grain size characteristics of terrigenous clastics in surface sediments of the Gulf of Thailand and their significance for sedimentary dynamic environment

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